EFFECTS OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN THE HEALTH PRACTICES OF NURSING STUDENTS

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A Baby Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Nursing Manila Adventist Colleges

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In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement For the Course: Introduction to Nursing Research

Submitted by : Galanza, Frances Ann Lego, Rena Lyn Macaraeg, Mara Dianne Malimban, Vina Marie Padilla, Rissian Joy Sardea, Marjeannette MARCH 9, 2012

DEDICATION This baby thesis dedicated to the researcher's fellow students especially the younger batches for them to be aware of the effects of the school facilities and the benefits they will gain from it. May this research serve as an informative tool and guide for their future researches in order for the improvement of the school. The researchers also dedicate this study to their family and friends for their unending support on the thesis and helped them when they are in need. Lastly they dedicate this to the Almighty God and Father to whom all things come from and who deserves all the Glory.

THESIS ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN THE HEALTH PRACTICES OF NURSING STUDENTS

Health was traditionally defined in terms of presence or absence of a disease. In 1948, World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. American Public Health Association (APHA) recognized the importance of including all children in all environmental policy-making and the need to support global and local policies that promote healthy environments for them that prevent exposures to environmental hazards. This thesis was conducted by Group 1 of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Seniors batch 2012 at Manila Adventist Colleges (MAC). The College of Nursing (CON) has a total number of 210 nursing students. The total sample is 80 (eighty), forty (40) coming from the third year and another forty (40) students coming from the fourth year. It is believed that the conduciveness of the school facilities - toilet facilities, garbage disposal system, water supply, ventilation, and food sanitation in has a great effect on the students especially in their health practices. This study aims to evaluate the school facilities of MAC, the effects, both good and bad to its nursing students and ways to develop the facilities in order for the institution to be a more conducive and efficient place to learn. Though the school facilities are being evaluated does not mean that MACs facilities are being criticized. Rather, they are being studied so that the researchers could create or devise a way on how they could teach the students on how they can continuously practice their profession as nurses, even if not on duty and suggest to the administrators and staff, ways on how they could improve the school facilities for its students to have a more conducive place for studying.

The researchers opted to use survey questionnaires that would simply evaluate the students awareness regarding the research, the efficiency of school facilities which will create the basic information of the said research. The survey will be answered by the BSN Seniors and Juniors. This research could be of great help to other people and its readers and could be a source of information regarding the subject matter the effects of school facilities in the health practices of students. It shows that out of 80 respondents, 31.2% are 18 and below while 68.8% are above 18 years old. It consists of 67.5 % female and 32.5 % male. There were equal distribution of respondents, 40 students from third year level and 40 students from fourth year level. The result of this study shows that according to the students surveyed, there is a significant correlation between school toilet facilities and toilet practice of the respondents with a correlation coefficient of 0.311 and a p-value of 0.005. There is a significant relationship between garbage disposal practice and availability of trash bin with a coefficient value of 0.240 and p-value of 0.032. There is a significant relationship between drinking water practice and availability of fountain around the campus with a coefficient value of 0.486 and p-value of 0.000. Lastly, there is a significant relationship between food and eating practice and availability of food in the cafeteria with a coefficient value of 0.557 and p-value of 0.000. The statistical treatment used by the researchers are Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearsons r- the Pearson Product Moment Correlation that allows determining if two sets of observations are co-related with each other which resulted to a significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health practices of the students. Therefore the researchers reject the null hypothesis because basing from the result there is a significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health practices of the students. The researchers recommend that the school administrators and students must be aware of the importance of the health so that proper supplies and maintenance may be provided and the students may be able to apply or practice their knowledge regarding health through these facilities. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A lot of people helped us travel the long rocky road we call Thesis. This study has been like a birthing process and painstakingly made, and a number of invaluable individuals assisted its emergence. This thesis will never be successful as this without the presence of your love, support, patience and wisdom. The six (6) researchers truly believe that more heads are better than one. And these six heads would like to thank all other heads who lent their hands and made the study a reality. They would like to thank the following: To their adviser Janette Faigao, who throughout the experience, patiently guided them along the way especially when the researchers are about to give up during hardship of making it to the reality as well as giving them the opportunity to learn the subject. To their professor, Dr. Ofelia Osorio, for giving them the authority to conduct research in Manila Adventist Colleges, as well as giving them some points on how to make the research more effective. To their statistician, Berny Castillano, without his knowledge and expertise, the research would never made any sense as it is through his statistical treatments that the data gathered could be compiled in such a way that it can be understood by the readers. A warm thanks to their respondents for participating in their very honest answers in the survey questionnaires. The researchers would also like to thank each of the members of this group for being patient and responsible enough for all the tasks assigned to them and for being intact within the group during trials in the making of the research. Very sincere thanks to the families of the researchers for their patience, financial and unending support, without them this will never been. This journey would not have been possible without the guidance of the Almighty God the Greatest Instructor of all, from whom all the knowledge, blessings and inspiration came from. To God to be Glory.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVALSHEET..i DEDICATION..ii THESIS ABSTRACTiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....v TABLE OF CONTENTS.....vi LIST OF TABLES...viii LIST OF FIGURE......,.ix CHAPTERS I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Purpose of the Study...2 Significance of the Study.....2 Statement of the Problem.3 Research Hypothesis.. 4 Scope and Limitation...4 Operational Definition of Terms........4 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Global Literature and Studies........6 Local Literature and Studies..9 Synthesis11 Theoretical Framework.12 Research Paradigm13 PAGES

III.

METHODOLOGY Research Design....14 Population and Sample..14

Instrumentation...........................................15 Data Gathering Procedure.15 Statistical Treatment.........16

IV. V.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION....19 Presentation, Analysis, Interpretation..19 SUMMARY..36 Findings....36 Conclusions..37 Recommendations...37

LITERATURE CITED.....40 APPENDICES42 Appendix A: Correspondences.....43 Appendix B: Questionnaire...45 Appendix C: Reliability Result..47 Appendix D: Gantt Chart...51 Appendix E: Matrix52 CURRICULUM VITAE...53

LIST OF TABLES TABLES PAGES

I. II. III.

Table 1A. Age of the Respondents.............19 Table 1B. Gender of the Respondents........20 Table 1C. Year Level of the Respondents......20 Table 2A. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents...21 Table 2B. Descriptive Statistics of Throwing Garbage Practice of the Respondents.......23 Table 2C. Descriptive Statistics of Drinking Water Practice of the Respondents...24 Table 2D. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents...25 Table 3A. Descriptive Statistics of the Toilet Facilities of the Respondents...27 Table 3B. Descriptive Statistics on Garbage Disposal Facilities of the Respondents.28 Table 3C. Descriptive Statistics on Drinking Water Facilities of the Respondents 29 Table 3D. Descriptive Statistics on Food and Eating facilities of the Respondents ...30 Table 4A. Correlation of Toilet Facilities and Toilet Practices of the Respondents.31 Table 4B. Correlation of Garbage Disposal Facilities and Garbage Disposal Practice of the Respondents32 Table 4C. Correlation of Drinking Water Facilities and Drinking Water Practice of the Respondents...33 Table 4D. Correlation of Food and Eating Facilities and Practice of the Respondents.34 LIST OF FIGURE

IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV.

Figure 1 Research Paradigm..13

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Ellen G. White said that the school is the place to stay next to your home but what if the school has poor facilities? How can one stay there? Going to school in a clean and healthy school environment is every student's right. Many students in developing countries, however, do not have access to safe and clean sanitation facilities on school. Schools too often suffer from non-existent or insufficient sanitation and hand-washing facilities. Schools are not safe for children due to neglect of the operation and maintenance of facilities. It is believed that the conduciveness of the school facilities greatly affects its students. A research done in 2007 by the Department of Education in California demonstrated that school facilities affect learning and health. Thus, environmental factors of schools are very important on how the students learn effectively, on how students do their health practices and to have a good health as well. It has been firmly established that people are influenced and affected by their environment from the research made by Linda M. Frazier (2005) in America. An article also released in 2010 by Microsoft Philippines states that the environment is a primary determinant of health and environmental health hazards. Indoor and outdoor environment in the school can affect the students health. Ramos (2010) added that the environment is a primary determinant of health and environmental health hazards. The school setting has an effect in the health status of its students as well as its faculty and staff. The researchers realized that the school they are studying at are having some deficiencies in the facilities. Thats why this study was conducted for the benefit of the school- its administrators, faculty and staff, students and researchers as well. It was done not to enumerate the lacks of the school but rather improve it for the sake of the health of its students. The researchers noticed that school facilities they are studying at are having some deficiencies. That's why this study was conducted for the benefit of the school- its administrators, faculty and staff, students and researchers as well. it was done not to

enumerate the lacks of the school but rather improve it for the sake of the health of its students.

Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to determine if there exists a relationship between the school facilities and the way the nursing students practice good health. It merely focuses on how the school facilities affect the health practices of the students. It aims that the people responsible for the changes will be aware that the facilities are needed to be increased in its efficiency or to be improved.

Significance of the Study The study may be useful to the following: Nursing Students. This study will help the nursing students to clearly understand on how the school facilities affect their health practices. The study will help the researchers appreciate the importance of these practices in relation to efficiency school facilities, therefore, enabling the researchers to provide proper health teaching to the students, thereby, enhancing the students knowledge regarding the relationship of facilities and health, and for the students to know the interventions and alternative measures in practicing good health. School Administration. The result of the study will enable the school administration to identify the needs of the students, with regards to the health practices, enabling the school administration to revise a plan towards proper modification. Faculty and Academe. The result of this study will provide information regarding a real picture of the situation of a school that can help the faculty and the academe in the provision of new ideas regarding health practices. The study will also give the faculty and academe a concrete example of the relationship between the school facilities and the health

of a person that can be a basis for the enhancement of the clinical teaching regarding health and environment.

Statement of the Problem This study intends to determine the effects of school facilities in the health practices of students in MAC. Furthermore, the researchers endeavour to identify and evaluate the facilities that need improvements that may contribute to the health practices. Specifically, the researchers vividly hope to find answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondent based on? a. Age? b. Gender? c. Year level? 2. Are the students able to do their health practices with regard to the school facilities in terms of: a. Toilet facilities? b. Garbage disposal? c. Drinking fountain? d. Cafeteria food? 3. Are the school facilities efficient for maintaining the health practices of students? 4. What are the effects of school facilities in health practices of students? 5. Is there a significant relationship between the school facilities and the health practices of the students?

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health practices of the students.

Scope and Limitations The study aims to assess the effects of school facilities in the health practices. School facilities are limited to toilet facilities, garbage disposal, drinking fountain, classroom condition and food and eating habits. The study will be held at Manila Adventist and Colleges, College of Nursing. The study will start on April to May 2011. The total population of third and fourth year nursing students is two hundred ten (210). The target populations are BSN students of juniors and seniors. The researchers will conveniently select forty (40) students from third year and another forty (40) students from fourth year level. Hence, the total sample population is eighty (80). Pilot study had twenty two (22) respondents.

Operational Definition of Terms College of Nursing-It pertains to college where the respondents belong. Environment-It pertains to school atmosphere of the nursing students. Health Practices-Practices of students to maintain their health. Nursing Students-This refers to the students taking up Bachelor of Science in Nursing at Manila Adventist College. Practice-An act or an exercise that an individual does.

School Environmental Health Factors-This focuses on the toilet facilities, garbage disposal system, water supply, classroom conditions, ventilation, and food sanitation in the school environment. School Facilities- It pertains to the provision of amenities of the school that satisfy the needs of nursing students. School Administrators-This refers to the governing body of the Manila Adventist College.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies both foreign and local which are relevant to the study being done. It is also through these literatures and past studies that the researchers got the insight and inspiration to pursue this research. Before embarking on the conduction of this study, inquiries were made to see if there were any other studies that contain any similarities to the present study.

Global Literature and Studies Health was traditionally defined in terms of presence or absence of a disease. In 1948, World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Though Health itself is a highly individual perception, one can say that it is necessary to promote it in any circumstances. The school is the best place to advertise it next to our homes. A research made by Linda M. Frazier (2005) reported that in many American schools, students and teachers find themselves in a physical environment that adversely affects their morale, and, in some cases, their health. It has been firmly established that people are influenced and affected by their environment. Deferred maintenance can create an environment of peeling paint, crumbling plaster, non-functioning toilets, poor lighting, inadequate ventilation, and inoperative heating and cooling systems. This, of course, affects both the health and the morale of staff and students. She also included in her research though not rigorously studied, the relationship between student achievement and building facilities. Anderson (2006) released an article regarding Effective School Health PromotionTowards Health Promoting Schools. The Health Promoting Schools Working Party was established to assess the most effective ways to create healthy environments in schools. The concept of linking 'health promotion' and 'environment' has emerged over the past two decades. It is now widely recognised that the health status of individuals and populations is

greatly influenced by the economic, social and physical environments in which they live, work and play. A research done by Moore, et al. (2007) for the Department of Education in California demonstrated that school facilities affect learning and health. Research tells that school facilities affect learning through the following: 1.) Facility conditions: Indoor air quality, thermal comfort, acoustics, lighting, and maintenance; 2.) Facility design: Building size, day lighting, specialty spaces, common areas, relationship of spaces to each other, aesthetic, environmental quality; 3.) Facility utilization: Crowding, community access, joint and shared use. A review of 167 literature sources indicated clear evidence that improving poor school environments have significant impacts. Jackson (2010) from the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States of America (USA) launched Indoor Air Quality Tools (IAQ) for Schools Program. The IAQ Tools for Schools Program is a comprehensive resource to help schools maintain a healthy environment in school buildings by identifying, correcting, and preventing IAQ problems. According to their study, poor indoor air quality can impact the comfort and health of students and staff, which, in turn, can affect concentration, attendance, and student performance. In addition, if schools fail to respond promptly to poor IAQ, students and staff are at an increased risk of short-term health problems, such as fatigue and nausea, as well as long-term problems like asthma. The study also revealed that exposure to indoor pollutants and inadequate management of indoor temperature and relative humidity can affect student, teacher, and staff health and performance. Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) can cause illnesses requiring school absences and can cause acute health symptoms that decrease performance while at school. Statistics also demonstrated that poor IAQ can reduce a persons ability to perform specific mental tasks requiring concentration, calculation, or memory. Research suggests that students cannot concentrate as well, and report more health symptoms, in classrooms with low ventilation rates. Low ventilation rates can be a sign of high indoor pollutant levels because adequate ventilation is required to remove pollutants from indoor environments. In other studies, people experienced decreased performance in arithmetic, logical reasoning, memory, and creative thinking tasks when exposed to a pollutant source.

They also reported more headaches during tasks requiring concentration, suggesting that part of the effect on performance is from pollution-related adverse health symptoms. Lochner (2010) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) recognized the importance of including all children in all environmental policy-making and the need to support global and local policies that promote healthy environments for them that prevent exposures to environmental hazards. They have noted that schools are purchasers of a wide array of hazardous cleaning and instructional supplies that can contribute to indoor pollution affecting health. Therefore, the APHA proposed that every child and school employee should have a right to an environmentally safe and healthy school that is clean and in good repair and that federal, state, and local entities must work together to use resources effectively and efficiently to address school sitting, construction, maintenance, and other practices to ensure the provision of an environmentally safe and healthy school. APHA also support the program School Environmental Protection Act (SEPA) that would require schools to follow least-toxic pesticide practices and provide prior notice to parents and personnel of certain pesticide applications, and as appropriate, supports other federal legislation designed to promote environmentally responsible purchasing by schools. Environmental Condition. Environmental health is a branch of public health that deals with the study of preventing illnesses by managing the environment and changing peoples behaviour to reduce exposure to biological and non-biological agents of disease and injury. This involves environmental sanitation that is defined as the study of all factors in mans physical environment, which may exercise a deleterious effect on his health wellbeing survival. This includes: water sanitation, food sanitation, refuse and garbage disposal, excreta disposal, insect vector and rodent control, housing, air pollution, noise, radiological protection, institutional sanitation, and stream pollution. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Schools. UNICEF (2009) mentioned that factors related to water, sanitation and hygiene affect childrens right to education in many ways. In an atmosphere of poor health, children are unable to fulfil their education potential. Schools partly determine children's health and well-being by providing a healthy or unhealthy environment. Although water and sanitation facilities in schools are increasingly

recognized as fundamental for promoting good hygiene behaviour and children's wellbeing, many schools have very poor facilities. Conditions vary from inappropriate and inadequate sanitary facilities to the outright lack of latrines and safe water for drinking and hygiene. This situation contributes to absenteeism and the high drop-out rates of girls. Schools can also be a key factor for initiating change by helping to develop useful life skills on health and hygiene. New hygiene behaviour learned at school can lead to life-long positive habits. Teachers can function as role models new hygiene behaviour learned at school can lead to life-long positive habits not only for the children but also within the community.

Local Literature and Studies Formoso (2006) conducted a study for Microsoft Philippines; she concluded that there are a number of factors that work against students acquiring a good education: poor health, lack of school facilities, lack of an adequate supply of books and other quality learning materials. They have recognized that in order to concentrate in their classes, children need to be healthy and need to have school facilities that are conducive to learning. The ability of students to cope with the demands of school depends to a significant degree on their health status. The state of a school's facilities affects the children's learning capability, particularly the water supply system, classroom ventilation, and classroom lighting. These also need to be in good status for optimum learning conditions. In 2009, a research entitled Review and Enhancement of the School Construction Guidelines/ Educational Status of the Philippines was started by Nestor Arabejo for the Department of Education. The following were the data gathered during the study. Thermal Comfort. Natural ventilation should be preferred. Active solutions such as electric fans or air-conditioning should only be a back-up solution. Specify minimum and maximum indoor temperature range and specify minimum and maximum humidity range for thermal comfort.

Visual Comfort. Natural day lighting should be preferred. Artificial day lighting is only a back-up for cloudy or overcast sky conditions. Location/Environment. Natural Habitat. Protect and restore existing ecosystem in the school site. Do not build on sites where it is an established habitat for endangered species. In supplement for this research, Mijares (2010) released an article in the Bacolod City National High School Journal that states, Without water available for flushing, wastes are often left stinking in the toilet bowl, leaving students holding every inch of their breath. How will the students be affected by this filth? Diseases are definitely the taxes of pleasure. The neglect of the on-going problem on comfort rooms would undoubtedly affect the health of the students. In an environment where everything is left dirty, microorganisms would never refuse to dwell. Considering the fact that not all students in the campus are nutritionally shielded from diseases, doesnt the dilemma scream for an immediate solution? Recently, dengue cases are on the rise and many pupils have been victims, damaging both their vigour and mental acuity. How can someone expect too much from their skills, when their physical needs are not much given consideration? All comes down to that. The CR is promptly shouting for maintenancefor repair. Leave it that way and the consequences are obvious. All it needs is actionaction that will change what began and what is to follow. Wanting the school to be uplifted in glory, it has to be given a proper measure of glory. It doesnt take a lot of muscle to give the heart a lift. Ramos (2010) added that the environment is a primary determinant of health and environmental health hazards. Indoor and outdoor environment in the school can affect the students health. Children spend their time in many different settings, at home, in early learning and child care facilities, outdoors in their communities and in the school environment. In response to a growing awareness of the need to enhance occupational and environmental health content, nurses have great responsibility of preventing the students from having health problems.

Synthesis Everywhere in the world, may it be International or Local it is now widely recognized that the health status of individuals and populations is greatly influenced by the economic, social and physical environments in which they live, work, play and learn. It is the same as the schools; its facilities greatly influence the health of its students and the other people around it as well. These literatures clearly cited that the environment we have greatly influences our health as a whole. Many researches were done and revealed the effects of school facilities not only in the learning of the students but also in their health. There are a lot of factors such as water supply system, classroom ventilation, and classroom condition that interferes with the students learning capability and health. A lot of problems can arise once the schools facilities do not meet the needs of its students. Some of this even causes absences of students that can affect their grades. School facilities should not be ignored by the administration and must be improved in every way since the school is a place where health should be promoted to each of its students. The researchers use the school facilities to assess whether they help in the promotion of health among nursing student. Unlike the other studies, the researchers study focuses on the combination and the relationship of students health promotion and school facilities in achieving optimum health. The researchers study is unique in terms of its approach on the specificity of the school facilities and health promotion. The researchers deal with the most basic approach in determining whether the school facilities affect the students health promotion. Theoretical Framework Florence Nightingale defined nursing as the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery. And with these words, she linked health with five environmental factors namely: 1) pure or fresh air, 2) pure water, 3) efficient drainage, 4)

cleanliness, and 5) light. According to Nightingale, once any of these factors had deficiency it may result to lack of health or illness. This study falls under Nightingales Environmental theory which clearly defines the connection between health and the environment. Since the environment affects the health of the students, it is merely reliable that we should consider this theory in relation with this research. The environment in which the respondents move in inside the school influence their health practices which in return may produce either positive or negative effects. This theorys concepts about ventilation, cleanliness, diet and warmth reflects the schools facilities which the researchers wish to consider.

Research Paradigm

School Facilities a. Toilet facilities b. Garbage disposal c. Drinking fountain d. Cafeteria food

Nursing Students Health Practices

Fig. I

The Paradigm consists only of two boxes. It identifies the effects of school facilities in terms of toilet facilities, garbage disposal, drinking fountain, classroom condition and food and eating habits in the health practices of students.

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the method of research used, respondents to the study, research tools and instruments, procedure followed and the statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The researcher used in this study is non-experimental descriptive design. In this study, the researchers would like to determine the efficiency of school facilities that affect nursing students in the promotion of health.

Population and Sample

The target populations are BSN students of juniors and seniors with a total population of two hundred ten (210). The researchers conveniently selected forty (40) students from third year and another forty (40) students from fourth year level. Hence, the total sample population is eighty (80). Pilot study had twenty two (22) respondents. The answered questionnaires, upon through examination, provided the researchers ample information about the subjects. The reliability alpha coefficient was very significant at . 8445, thus signal to conduct the actual study.

Instrumentation

In order to gather the essential data, the researchers constructed a questionnaire as an instrument for this research. The instrument used is a self-constructed questionnaire. The formulation of the structures questionnaire (Appendix B) was based on the objectives of the study. The two-page questionnaire contained two (2) categories. The first part of the questionnaire contained the respondents demographic profile. It covered the age, gender and year level. The second part consisted of the effects of school facilities in the health practices of students, divided into five (5) terms such as toilet facilities, garbage disposal, drinking fountain, classroom condition and food and eating habits. After doing the pilot study given to twenty (20) respondents, the statistician tested the reliability of the study. The reliability coefficient of the instrument is .8445. The researchers then proceeded to the final data gathering.

Data Gathering Procedure For the pilot study, the researchers submitted a letter to the Dean of MAC to secure permission to distribute questionnaires to junior and senior nursing students of MAC. A letter also was provided for the CON. During the actual study, the researchers conduct their survey during the free time of students. The collection was done from April 2011 to May 2011. The collected data were recorded, tabulated, computed and analysed for transparency.

Statistical Treatment

Pearsons r- the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, or Pearson r for short, allows you to determine if two sets of observations, on a single randomly selected sample, are co-related (correlated) with each other such that high and low values on the other or vice versa. The Pearson r calculates the degree of linear association (correlation) between the variables on a scale from 1.00 to + 1.00. To use the Pearson r, the variables being measured must not depart significantly from normality, they must be measured at the interval or ration level, the variation in both variables must be similar (i.e.,homoscedastic), and their relationship must presumably be linear (curvilinear relationships cannot be assessed by the Pearson r).

Percentage Percentages are used to express how large/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity. The first quantity usually represents a part of, or change in, the second quantity, which should be greater that zero. For example, an increase of $ 0.15 on a price of $ 2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15/2.50=0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is therefore a 6% increase. The fundamental concept to remember when performing calculations with percentages is that the percent symbol can be treated as being equivalent to the pure number constant 1/100= 0.01, for example 35% of 300 can be written as (35/100) x 300= 105. To find a percentage that a single unit represents out a whole of N units, divide 100% by N. For instance, if you have 1250 apples, and you want to find out what percentage of these 1250 apples a single apple represents, 100%/1250= (100/1250)% provides the answer of 0.08%. So, if you give away one apple, you have given away 0.08% of the apples you had. Then, if instead you give away 100 apples, you have given away 100 x 0/08%= 8% of your 1250 apples.

Mean and Standard Deviation The mean, indicated by (a lower case Greek mu), is the statistician's jargon for the average value of a signal. It is found just as you would expect: add all of the samples together, and divide by N. It looks like this in mathematical form:

The standard deviation is similar to the average deviation, except the averaging is done with power instead of amplitude. This is achieved by squaring each of the deviations before taking the average (remember, power voltage2). To finish, the square root is taken to compensate for the initial squaring. In equation form, the standard deviation is calculated:

In the alternative notation: sigma = sqrt((x0 -)2 + (x1 -)2 + ... + (xN-1 -)2 / (N-1)). Notice that the average is carried out by dividing by N - 1 instead of N. This is a subtle feature of the equation that will be discussed in the next section. The term, 2, occurs frequently in statistics and is given the name variance. The standard deviation is a measure of how far the signal fluctuates from the mean. The variance represents the power of this fluctuation. Another term you should become familiar with is the rms (root-mean-square) value, frequently used in electronics. By definition, the standard deviation only measures the AC portion of a signal, while the rms value measures both the AC and DC components.

If a signal has no DC component, its rms value is identical to its standard deviation. Figure 2-2 shows the relationship between the standard deviation and the peak-to-peak value of several common waveforms.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

SubProblem 1. What is the profile of the respondents based on: Presentation: Table 1A. Age of respondents Frequency 18 and below Above 18 Total Analysis: Table 1A is the distribution of age of the respondents. It shows that out of 80 respondents, 31.2% are 18 and below while 68.8% are above 18 years old. 25 55 80 Percent 31.2 68.8 100.0 Valid Percent 31.2 68.8 100.0 Cumulative Percent 31.2 100.0

Interpretation: The table above shows that majority of respondents of this study are above 18 years old while the minority are 18 years old and below. They developed their sense of identity already. According to Erikson's Eight Stages of Development, age 12-20 years old under identity versus role confusion. Most of the respondents are matured physically and mentally. The respondents are major and junior students whose are ranges from 18-19 and above.

Presentation:

Table 1B. Gender of the Respondents Frequency Female Male Total Analysis: This table shows the gender of the respondents for this study. It demonstrates that out of 80 respondents, 67.5% are female while 32.5% are male. 54 26 80 Percent 67.5 32.5 100.0 Valid Percent 67.5 32.5 100.0 Cumulative Percent 67.5 100.0

Interpretation: Shown above is the profile of respondents in terms of gender. It plainly shows that more females have attended to the research since the scope and limitation of this study is limited to the nursing students in which the majority are female. in an article release in September 2010, its stated that "All educational materials were oriented to the female gender. Open discrimination against men is fast disappearing from schools of nursing but remains imbedded in the school fabric. A survey stated the roughly 13% of students enrolled in nursing schools are men".

Presentation: Table 1C. Year Level of the Respondents

Frequency Third Year Fourth Year Total Analysis: 40 40 80

Percent 50.0 50.0 100.0

Valid Percent 50.0 50.0 100.0

Cumulative Percent 50.0 100.0

Table 1C illustrates the year level of this studys respondents. It explains that out of 80 respondents, 50% are third year students while the remaining 50% are fourth year students.

Interpretation: This table presents the profile of the respondents in terms of year level. It shows that the survey questionnaire was equally divided into two among the third year and fourth year students of MAC. According to Erikson's Eight Stages of Development, age 12-20 years old are under identity versus role confusion. Most of the respondents are matured physically and mentally. That's why they are fitted to be the sample of research.

SubProblem 2. Are the students able to do their health practices with regard to the school facilities in terms of:

Presentation: Table 2A. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents N I flush the toilet 80 after using. I use dipper since 80 there is no available toilet flush I wash my hands 80 using available soap and water I use hand 80 sanitizer because there is no available soap and water Analysis: Table 2A Descriptive statistics of toilet practice of the respondents. Respondents are strongly agree that they flush the toilet after using with a mean of 4.58 and they agree on the following; they use dipper when there is no available flush, wash hands using available soap and water and on they use hand sanitizer because there is no available soap and water with a mean value between 3.40 to 4.19. Minimum Maximum Mean 2 1 5 5 4.58 3.79 Std. Deviation .632 1.240 Interpretation Strongly agree Agree

3.84

1.195

Agree

4.14

1.088

Agree

Interpretation: Students are taught by their parents at home of how important health is. They are being educated on how to make themselves healthy and get rid of diseases by proper health

practices. Some of the good health practices are flushing the toilet and hand washing, in which study shows that they strongly agree of this practice, meaning they are all health conscious. Because of proper education, students still find ways to continue their practice by looking for alternatives such as dipper to flush the toilet whenever toilet flush is under repair, and using sanitizers whenever soaps are not available or lack of supply. In the article, "Toilets are an important part of achieving good sanitation", but without proper public understanding about why sanitation matters, and what is necessary to achieve good sanitation, toilets are not enough to break the cycle of disease. Good sanitation is achieved when everyone in a community understands the health importance of safe excreta disposal, and takes the necessary practical steps and other alternatives to promote good personal hygiene and public health. this includes access to, and consistent use of a safe and hygienic toilet.

Presentation: Table 2B. Descriptive Statistics of Throwing Garbage Practice of the Respondents

Minimum Maximum

Mean

Std. Deviation .908

interpretation

I dispose my 80 garbage properly in the available trash bin. I place my 80 garbage on my bag because there is no available trash bin. I throw garbage anywhere Analysis: my 80

4.40

Strongly Agree

3.51

1.253

Partly Agree

2.14

1.290

Disagree

Table 2B is the descriptive statistics of throwing garbage practice of the respondents. It shows that respondents strongly agree that they throw garbage properly in the available trash bin with a mean of 4.40. Respondents fairly agree that they place their garbage on their bag in case there is no available trash bin with a mean of 3.51. Whereas, respondents disagree that they throw garbage anywhere with a mean of 2.14.

Interpretation:

Students strongly agreed of proper disposal garbage in the available trash bin because they believed that whenever garbage is thrown improperly, this nay cause blockage to some corners that may be a carrier of diseases that students may acquire. Garbage is not thrown anywhere according to students and only a few of them agreed that they place their garbage on their bags whenever trash bins are not available, this means that they really look for available trash bins provided by the school to properly dispose garbage. As what says in the article " Help Save Mother Earth", proper garbage and trash collection are beneficial to the community. It discards health hazards. The cleanliness of the surrounding prevents spread of diseases. More garbage collecting business are needed to keep the community sanitized and clean. They do not only prevent pollution, they make the surrounding free from the disease carrying virus and bacteria. http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Aericle/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-YOURgarbage-Properly/921979

Presentation:

Table 2C. Descriptive Statistics of Drinking Water Practice of the Respondents

N I drink 80 water on the available purified water fountain. I am sure 80 that the water on the drinking fountain is safe. I drink 8- 80 10 glasses of water a day Analysis:

Minimum 1

Maximum 5

Mean 3.17

Std. Deviation 1.348

interpretation Fairly Agree

2.90

1.279

Fairly Agree

3.49

1.191

Agree

Table 2C is the descriptive statistics of drinking water practice of the respondents. It shows that the respondents fairly agree that they drink on the available purified water fountain with a mean of 3.17. Respondents fairly agree that they are sure the water on the drinking fountain is safe with a mean of 2.90. Whereas, respondents agree that they drink 8-10 glasses of water a day with a mean of 3.49.

Interpretation:

Water is important for students to be rehydrated in school. Eight to ten glasses of water is the suggested amount of water that an individual must drink in which the respondents strongly agreed. But according to the result of the study, they fairly agreed that they drink water on the available drinking fountain due to doubt that they see these facilities safe for the to drink. On way of solving this problem is to make sure that the provided facilities must always be safe to drink. Based on http://www.ehow.com/facts_7480167_drinking-fountain-safety.html A lack of drinking fountain cleanliness is a concern because it can lead to disease, including influenza and bacterial infections. Because of this threat, efforts should be made to keep drinking fountains clean, thus reducing the risk of infection.

Presentation: Table 2D. Descriptive Statistics of Toilet Practice of the Respondents N I eat foods 80 from the cafeteria I find the 80 foods in the cafeteria safe to eat I cook my 80 own food Analysis: Table 2D descriptive statistics of toilet practice of the respondents. It shows that the respondents agree that they eat foods from the cafeteria with a mean of 4.10. Respondents strongly agree that they find the foods in the cafeteria are safe to eat with a mean of 4.30. Whereas, respondents fairly agree that they cook their own food with a mean of 3.05 Minimum 1 2 Maximum 5 5 Mean 4.10 4.30 Std. Deviation .967 .770 interpretation Agree Strongly Agree

3.05

1.431

Fairly Agree

Interpretation: Being a healthy wellbeing is vital to every individual, to achieve this; adequate nutritional foods must be consumed. This equips their body to do their daily activities. Few of the respondents cook food for themselves maybe due to being busy from school, but they are aware that they have to consume adequate foods to sustain their nutritional needs, they eat in school cafeteria. They continuously eat in the cafeteria rather than cook foods for themselves because they trust the safety and cleanliness of the foods being served. Based on http://www.livestrong.com/article/81934-eat-college-cafeteria/ College is a period of adjustment -- new friends, a packed courseload and lifestyle changes. Food habits vary during college; classes interfere with mealtimes, home-cooked meals are a distant memory, and there is unparalleled access to unhealthy (yet tasty) food choices. Step into a college cafeteria and witness the variety of food options and frequently unregulated portions. Cafeteria eating does not have to mean weight gain. You can maintain a healthy diet throughout college if you learn about the school's food choices; educate yourself about healthy eating habits and practice portion control and moderation.

SubProblem 3. Are the school facilities efficient for maintaining the health practices of students: Presentation: Table 3A. Descriptive Statistics on Toilet Facilities of the Respondents

N There is available 80 water for flushing. There is an 80 available soap and water in toilet. Analysis:

Minimum 1

Maximum 5

Mean 3.60

Std. Deviation 1.208

Interpretation Agree

2.72

1.263

Fairly Agree

Table 3A is the Descriptive Statistics on Toilet Facilities of the respondents. With a mean of 3.60 the respondents agree that there is available water for flushing the toilet bowl and with a mean of 2.72 the respondents fairly agree that water and soap are readily available.

Interpretation: A lot of students agreed that there is available water for flushing and fairly agreed that soaps are available for hand washing, this means that school facilities regarding water supply has an adequate supply but still improvement because there will be a potential tendency that this facilities may be ignored and lack its maintenance and supplies. In the article, Toilet Trouble, it is said that, sanitation conditions and hygiene practices alone are responsible for nearly one-quarter of all reported diseases and six percent of all reported deaths in the country and that soap and water should be readily available in the comfort rooms and rest rooms so that after a person finished doing his/her business in the cubicle, they could immediately wash their hands to prevent microorganisms from invading their system. They first line of defense against infection and diseases is hand washing. Health and sanitation experts say this basic hygiene practice after a pee or poo can keep one away from several diseases, diarrhea and worm infections

being among the most common and fatal. Also, studies have found that human feces are the primary sources of diarrheal pathogens. Therefore, water should always be available for flushing the toilet in order for safety and satisfaction of the next user.

Presentation: Table 3B. Descriptive Statistics on Garbage Disposal Facilities of the Respondents N There is an 80 available trash bin within the campus. Analysis: Table 3B is the descriptive statistics on garbage disposal facilities of the respondents and with a mean of 4.18; the respondents agree that there are available trash bins within the campus. Minimum 1 Maximum 5 Mean 4.18 Std. Deviation .911 Interpretation Agree

Interpretation: The respondents agreed that there is available trash bins within the campus. This means that the provision of trash bins is efficient but still has the potential to become unstable in its provision and may still need improvement so that students will be able to continue segregating garbage properly. Because when these are always available, students will be encouraged to proper segregate the garbage. Through this, diseases will be prevented and health practices will be effective. One should always get the habit of throwing their trash in the proper respective bins. But one could not throw their trash properly if there are no trash bins within the campus. This is the first step in helping save mother Earth, by simply throwing our trash

properly. The school is currently practicing the proper waste segregation in order to preserve and save mother Earth. BY having different trash bins like the biodegradable, non-biodegradable and infectious bins, we can easily segregate and reduce the trash of our school. http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-Your-GarbageProperly/1277602

Presentation: Table 3C. Descriptive Statistics on Drinking Water Facilities of the Respondents N There is an 80 available water fountain around the campus. Minimum 1 Maximum 5 Mean 3.02 Std. Deviation 1.263 Interpretation Fairly Agree

Analysis: In table 3C, the descriptive statistics on drinking water facilities of the respondents, with a mean of 3.02, the respondents fairly agree that there is an available water fountain within the campus. Interpretation: Students fairly agreed that drinking fountains are available within the campus. This means that there may be a potential that provisions of these facilities may be unstable in supply and maintenance. They can see drinking fountain but very limited and usually they

are placed very far from students usually go within the campus and sometimes these are seen dirty which leads to students to doubt its safety. Drinking fountains are essential in every school. Every school must be able to provide their students with safe drinking water for it is a vital in our everyday life. Water is very important to our daily lives. One is already on the process of making one's self healthy by just drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day. Water is the universal solvent and it can help in flushing and absorbing the toxins in our body. Dr. Donald Robertson says the body will not function properly without enough water and discusses the importance of drinking plenty of water for permanent weight loss: "Drinking enough water is the best treatment for fluid retention; the overweight person needs more water than the thin one; water helps to maintain proper muscle tone; water can help relieve constipation; drinking water is essential to weight loss."

Presentation: Table 3D. Descriptive Statistics on Food and Eating Facilities of the Respondents N There are available 80 healthy foods in the cafeteria. Analysis Table 3D shows the descriptive statistics on food and eating facilities of the respondents where the respondents strongly agree that the food served in the cafeteria are healthy and has a mean of 4.43 Minimum 1 Maximum 5 Mean 4.43 Std. Deviation .792 Interpretation Strongly Agree

Interpretation: The cafeteria in MAMC offers a wide variety of food that is healthy and nutritious because they only serve vegetables, tofu and vegemeat. As an Adventist institution, the

cafeteria promotes a Vegan diet because of certain beliefs and principles of the Adventist faith. Also, they believe that by being a vegetarian, one can be holistically healthy. Through the availability of healthy foods in the cafeteria, students are able to meet their nutritional needs that make the provision efficient and effective.

SubProblem 4. Is there a significant relationship between the school facilities and the health practices of the students. Presentation: Table 4A. Correlation of Toilet Facilities and Toilet Practice of the Respondents Toilet Facilities .311** .005 80 Interpretation Significant

Toilet Mean

Practice Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Analysis: Table 4A is the correlation between school toilet facilities and toilet practice of the respondents. It shows that there is a significant relationship between them with a correlation coefficient of 0.311 and a p-value of 0.005. Results suggest that the better the toilet facilities the better the toilet practice of the respondents.

Interpretation: School must provide adequate toilet facilities for the students, by this; students will continue to apply their knowledge hot to prevent disease by flushing toilet with the available water and soap for hand washing

According to Sue Vernon (2002), if schools were treated as workplaces for students and equivalent standards were applied, school toilets would be significantly improved. Every school should have available water for flush. It is because the better the toilet facilities the better the toilet practice of the students. A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location. If the school has better toilet facilities, the students tend to practice properly. It is likely that when toilets are in a poor state and in need of refurbishment and more frequent cleaning that the toilets will attract poor behaviour.

Presentation: Table 4B. Correlation of Garbage Disposal Facilities and Garbage Disposal Practice of the Respondents There is no Interpretation available trash bin within the campus .240* Significant .032 80

Garbage Disposal Practice Mean

Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Analysis: Interpretation is the same as interpretation of table 4A that there is significant relationship between garbage disposal practice and availability of trash bin with a coefficient value of 0.240 and p-value of 0.032. this suggest that availability of trash bin is related to better disposal practice of the respondent. Interpretation:

Trash bins must always be available within the campus, these allows the students to continue the practices of proper segregation of garbage. The more the trash bins are found, the lesser the garbage will scatter around that may cause microorganism to live, that carries diseases and contribute to flood. Another reason for this, some students that are unaware regarding garbage disposable will be encouraged to do proper disposal. According to Lackney (2005). School is one such public place where lot of biodegradable waste is generated and which can be disposed of effectively by proper enforcement alone. To implement proper segregation and disposal of garbage, schools should have available trash bin around the campus. It is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or plastic. Properly disposing of waste is not just a personal responsibility according to Lewis (2000). It is under Environmental Protection Agency, which enforces and regulates most of the law related to waste disposal, that every school should have garbage bin around the campus. Thats why if there are available trashes bins around the campus, students are obliged to throw their wastes there.

Presentation: Table 4C. Correlation of Drinking Water Facilities and Drinking Water Practice of the Respondents

There available campus .486** .000 80

is

an Interpretation water

fountain around the Drinking Water Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Practice Mean N Analysis: There is a significant relationship between drinking water practice and availability of fountain around the campus with a coefficient value of 0.486 and p-value of 0.000. This suggests that drinking fountain must be readily available within the campus to help maintain drinking habits. Interpretation: According to article "Water to Rehydrate" students do not drink enough during the school day- and resulting dehydration contributes to continence problems. It has been noticed that one of the factors that affect the encouragement for students to drink is that drinking fountains are obviously seen unsafe due to its improper placement and the worse is that, no drinking fountains are seen within the campus. One important part of treating these problems is a provision of adequate drinking water facilities to help students be hydrated and take the required fluid intake. If these facilities are seen safe and readily available within the campus, they are also encouraged to try drinking on it until they found that they maintain themselves hydrated by frequent using of facilities. Significant

Presentation: Table 4D. Correlation of Food and Eating Facilities and Practice of the Respondents Correlations There are Interpretation

available healthy foods in the Food and Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Eating Practice N Mean cafeteria .557** .000 80 Significant

Analysis: Table 4C shows that there is a significant relationship between food and eating practice and availability of food in the cafeteria with a coefficient value of 0.557 and pvalue of 0.000. This table suggests that healthy foods must be readily available in the cafeteria.

Interpretation: According to the article "students in school", students consume a large portion of their daily food intake at school, the school's food environment can have an important influence on their diets of foods and beverages provided through school breakfast, lunch, and after school, snack programs must meet certain nutritional requirements to receive federal reimbursement. This is to emphasize that students do not usually eat breakfast at home due to early time of class. In order to still meet their nutritional status, healthy and safe foods must be prepared by school cafeteria to prevent them from starving or skipping me CHAPTER V SUMMARY

Findings

The following results were acquired based on the questions from the statement of the problem. The distribution of age of the respondents shows that out of 80 respondents, 31.2% are 18 and below while 68.8% are above 18 years old. It consists of 67.5 % female and 32.5 % male. The total population of nursing students in mac is 210. The researchers just got equal population of 50 % from third year and fourth year with the total of 80 nursing students. These highlights explained that the respondents were female and males ages 18 and above, and their college level. The students agreed that they are able to practice their health practices because there are available water from flushing, available soap and water in toilet, available trash bins, available water fountains around the campus and available healthy foods in the cafeteria. The results show that the school facilities are efficient for maintaining the health practices of students. Also, there is a significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health practices of the students. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. The researchers highly recommend the students to become health conscious by attending discussions that the school will be conducting. The school administration must always observe the facilities being provided or supplied to maintain its efficiency to help students continue the use of facilities as a tool for their health practices.

Conclusions School facilities are very important on how students do their health practices and to have a good health as well. In the study, the school facilities of MAC are efficient for maintaining the health practices of students. The effects are the students able to perform and maintain their health practices because there are available water for flushing, available

soap and water in toilet, available trash bins, available water fountains around the campus and available healthy foods in the cafeteria. Basing from the result of this study, therefore, the researchers reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the school facilities of MAC and the health practices of the students.

Recommendations School is the second home of students. This means that how they are treated at home should be the same with how they will be having in school. One of the things that students are concerned with, is the practice of health. Health practice is the process of enabling people to exert control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health. School plays a major role in providing the needs of the students especially when it comes to health practice. This can be in the form of education and providing necessary materials or facilities. These two must work hand in hand because the school facilities still becomes a tool for maintaining the health practices of students. Based in the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are given.

Students They must be aware of the school facilities that are being rendered and to evaluate and report to the school administrators or persons in charge about the efficiency or complaints in the school facilities to maintain their health practices. It is also recommended that they should take good care of the facilities they are using, as courtesy to other students who also have the right to avail. This is to maintain the

efficiency of these facilities and also to decrease the risk of possible negative effect of their health practices. School Administration School facilities are provided for the students to enhance the learning and continue their health practices. The researchers recommend to the school administrators to review the necessary facilities that a school should have, look closely to attitudes of the students toward the facilities and the needs of students and the factors that hinders the students to take use of the facilities provided, by this, they are able to plan for further provision of facilities that a school must have or the things they are lacking, so they are able to develop more and come up of ideas that may encourage more the students for continuous health practices. They may also conduct discussion for the students about the importance of health practices in connection to the use of the facilities they are providing for them. It is also recommend having a weekly inspection to each facility. or assign people to watch on it so that anything that may needs repair, development and providing supplies shall be given. Supplies such as soaps and sanitizers must always be available in every comfort rooms. Trash bins and drinking fountains must be placed on areas where most students are, to provide convenience to them. Future researchers Continuous participation in research is the key to identify the effects of school facilities in the health practices of students because the researchers believed that results of its effects varies in the students from time to time. This is also to further know the needs of development of facilities that may increase the practice of students to make them healthy. Future researchers must consider the student's age and their knowledge and ability regarding health practices, the location of the school and the latest facilities that may further help the practices of the students.

LITERATURE CITED

ANDREWS, JAMES B. & NEUROTH, RICHARD, (2002). An Imperilled Generation: Saving Urban Schools. 3rd Edition. Carnegie Publication, Detroit, 55 KEMMERER, F. (2009) Improving Educational Quality: A Global Perspective. Greenwood Press, London, 75-79 et al. KOZIER, B., G. ERB, S. BERMAN, (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice. 8th Edition. Pearson Publishing, Singapore, 43 LOCHNER, K. (2010),Creating Healthier School Facilities, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 91, No. 3, 494-495 MIJARES, M.P. (2010), SCHOOL FACILITIES, BACOLOD CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLTHE CITY LIGHT, Vol. 22, 19-21 MYHROLD, A.N., E. OLSEN, and O.LAURIDSEN (1996), Indoor Environment in Schools, HEALTH AFFAIRS, Vol. 4, 37-39 PLYMPTON, P., CONWAY, S., EPSTEIN, K. (2002),"Daylighting in Schools: Improving Student Performance and Health, JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES, Vol. 2, 60 SCHALLER, WARREN E. (1998). The School Health Program. 5th Edition. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 15 SCHNEIDER, M. (2002). National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities. Macmillan, New York, 133

SIMMS, LILLIAN M., SYLVIA, PRICE A., ERVIN, NAOMI E. (2000). Professional Practice of Nurses. 3rd Edition. DELMAR THOMPSON LEARNING, USA, 144-147 http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-YourGarbage-Properly/921979 http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Help-Save-Mother-Earth---Throw-Your-GarbageProperly/1277602 http://www.epa.gov/iedweb00/schooldesign/impactonlearning http://execmsn-e-learning.forumotion.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_7480167_drinking-fountain-safety.html http://www.freshschools.org/Pages/SafeWaterandSanitation.aspx http://www.livestrong.com/article/240144-how-is-drinking-water-purified/ http://www.livestrong.com/article/81934-eat-college-cafeteria/ http://www.microsoft.com/philippines http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/ph14syn http://pcij.org/stories/toilet-trouble/ http://www.rd.com/health/rethink-what-you-drink/. http://www.scribd.com/doc/24975120/Review-and-Enhancement-of-the-SchoolConstruction-Guidelines-Educational-Facilities-Handbook-of-the-Philippines

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

CORRESPONDENCES

April 21, 2011 Dr. Ofelia M. Osorio, RN, MSN, Dr. P.H Dean College o Nursing Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges, Inc. Dear Madam; As a fulfilment for the requirements of the subject, Introduction to Nursing Research, we would like to conduct a study on the Effects of the School Facilities in the Health Practices of Nursing Students. In connection with this, may we therefore ask permission from your good office to conduct our study here in Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges. We highly appreciate your kind consideration and assistance in our pursuit of this study. Respectfully Yours, Galanza, Frances Ann I. Lego, Rena Lyn T. Macaraeg, Mara Dianne R.

Malimban, Vina Marie R. Noted By: Mrs. Janet Faigao, RN, MSN Thesis adviser

Padilla. Rissian Joy M.

Sardea, Marjeannette S.

April 21, 2011 Mrs. Janet Faigao, RN, MSN Level IV Chairman Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges, Inc.

Dear Madam; As a fulfilment for the requirements of the subject, Introduction to Nursing Research, we would like to conduct a study on the Effects of the School Facilities in the Health Practices of Nursing Students. In connection with this, may we therefore ask permission from your good office to conduct our study here in Manila Adventist Medical Center and Colleges. We highly appreciate your kind consideration and assistance in our pursuit of this study. Respectfully Yours,

Galanza, Frances Ann I. Malimban, Vina Marie R.

Lego, Renalyn T. Padilla. Rissian Joy M.

Macaraeg, Mara Dianne R. Sardea, Marjeannette S.

APPENDIX B SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned senior of Manila Adventist Colleges are currently working on a research study entitled EFFECTS OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN THE HEALTH PRACTICES OF NURSING STUDENTS as a partial fulfilment of the requirements in the subject Introduction to Nursing Research. In view of this, the undersigned are requesting for your full support and cooperation in answering the enclosed questionnaire. Rest assured that the answers would be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thank you and God Bless! Respectfully, The Researchers Galanza, Frances Ann I. Malimban, Vina Marie R. Lego, Renalyn T. Padilla. Rissian Joy M. Macaraeg, Mara Dianne R. Sardea, Marjeannette S.

PART I DIRECTION: please fill in the needed information. Name:_______________ Gender: ( )female ( )Male PART II Please put a check mark to your corresponding answer. Age:______ Year level:________

SA=Strongly Agree A=Agree FA=Fairly Agree D= disagree SD= Strongly Disagree SA A Toilet Facilities Flushing There is available water for flushing. I flush the toilet after using. I use dipper since there is no available toilet flush. Hand washing There is an available soap and water in toilet. I wash my hands using available soap and water. I use hand sanitizer because there is no available soap and water. Garbage disposal There is an available trash bin within the campus. I dispose my garbage properly in the available trash bin. I place my garbage on my bag because there is no available trash bin. I throw my garbage anywhere. Drinking water There is an available water fountain around the campus. I drink water on the available purified water fountain. I am sure that the water on the drinking fountain is safe. I drink 8-10 glasses of water a day. Food and eating habits There is an available healthy foods in the cafeteria. I eat foods from the cafeteria. I find the foods in the cafeteria safe to eat. I cook my own food. FA D SD

APPENDIX C RELIABILTY RESULTS

R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A)

Mean

Std Dev

Cases

1. F1 2. F2 3. F3 4. H1 5. H2 6. H3 7. G1 8. G2 9. G3 10. G4 11. D1 12. D2 13. D3 14. D4 15. V1 16. V2

3.6000 4.6000 3.7000 2.8000 3.7000 4.1000 4.4000 4.1500 30000 2.0500 2.9000 30000 3.4500 3.3500 3.1000 3.3000

1.3534 .8208 1.3416 1.3611 1.4179 1.2096 .8208 1.1367 1.5894 1.3945 1.4832 1.3377 1.2344 1.2258 1.1192 .9787

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

17. V3 18. A1 19. A2 20. FE2 21. FE3 22. FE4

3.3500 3.2500 3.4500 3.8000 4.2500 3.0000

1.2680 1.1180 1.0501 1.1965 1.2085 1.6543

20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0

N of Statistics for SCALE Mean 76, 3000 Variances 179.9053 Std Dev 13.4129 Variables 22

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS- SCALE (ALPHA) Item Total Statistics

Scale Mean If item Deleted

Scale Variances if item Deleted

Corrected ItemTotal Correlation Alpha if item Deleted

F1 F2 F3 H1 H2 H3 G1 G2 G3 G4 D1 D2 D3 D4 V1 V2 V3

72.700 71.7000 72.6000 73.5000 72.6000 72.2000 71.9000 72.1500 73.3000 74.2500 73.4000 73.3000 72.8500 72.9500 73.2000 73.0000 72.9500

162.7474 169.5895 173.0947 157.1053 161.8316 169.8526 171.7789 164.1342 164.1158 171.4605 165.0947 158.5368 163.0816 170. 6816 159.9579 158.4211 163.4211

.4439 .4510 .1419 .6139 .4453 .2724 .3634 .4971 .3257 .1780 .3308 .5812 .4853 .2411 .6604 .8331 .4488

.8368 .8382 .8493 .8292 .8367 .8434 .8409 .8351 .8430 .8483 .8421 .8308 .8352 .8446 .8292 .8251 .8366

A1 A2 FE2 FE3 FE4

73.0500 72.8500 72.5000 72.0500 73.3000

164.1553 162.9763 162.6842 171.2079 166.7474

.5061 .5903 .5173 .2288 .2439

.8349 .8324 .8341 .8450 .8476

Reliability Coefficients N of Cases = 20.0 Alpha= .8445 N of Items= 22

Appendix D GANT CHART GROUP 1 EFFECT OF SCHOOL FACILITIES IN THE HEALTH PRACTICES OF NURSING STUDENTS Galanza, Frances Ann I. Malimban, Vina Marie R. M onth Activities WEEKS Formulation of the Problem Hypothesis Related Literature April May June July August September 3 4 1 October 2 3 4 Lego, Renalyn T. Padilla. Rissian Joy M. Macaraeg, Mara Dianne R Sardea, Marjeannette S.

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Related Studies Formulate Theoretical Framework Conceptualization Methodology Research Design Instrument Construct Validity Pilot Study Actual Study Statistical Analysis Results Discussion Summary Correction Submission Oral Defense Editing Submission of Final Research Paper APPENDIX E

MATRIX

resp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

gender 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

age 19 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 18 19 18

yl 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

f1 3 3 5 5 3 3 2 5 1 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

f2 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 5 5 5

f3 4 3 4 1 1 4 5 5 5 5 2 3 4 2 5 4 5 5 3 4

h1 3 3 3 1 1 3 2 5 1 2 1 4 3 3 3 4 1 5 5 3

h2 3 5 4 5 1 5 5 5 3 5 1 4 3 3 3 4 1 5 5 4

h3 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 2 5 3 5 2 5 4 1 5 5 4

g1 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 3 5 5 5 3 4 5 4 3 5 5 5

g2 5 2 5 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 3 5 5 5

g3 5 2 5 1 1 4 1 1 3 5 1 2 4 2 4 4 2 5 3 5

g4 1 2 5 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 2 1

d1 4 2 2 1 3 2 1 5 3 3 3 5 1 4 1 4 1 5 5 3

d2 4 3 5 1 3 2 5 3 1 4 4 3 3 2 1 4 1 3 3 5

d3 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 3 5 5 5 3 3 1 3 1 5 3 5

d4 5 3 4 3 3 4 5 5 2 3 3 3 5 2 2 1 3 2 5 4

fe1 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 2 5 4 5

fe2 3 3 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 3 3 3 5 3 2 5 1 5 4 5

fe3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 3 5 3 5 5 1 4 4 5

fe4 4 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4

Legend: Respondents-80 YL-year level F1-F3- Flushing H1-H3- Handwashing G1-G4- Garbage disposal D1-D4- Drinking water Fe1-Fe4- Food and eating habits

CURICULLUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Frances Ann I. Galanza Age : 19 years old Date of Birth : November 29, 1991 Civil Status: Single Religion: Seventh Day Adventist

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary : St. Scholasticas College Manila (School Year: 1999- 2004) High School : St. Scholasticas College Manila (School Year: 2004-2008) College : Manila Adventist College

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Rena Lyn T. Lego Age : 20 years old Date of Birth: October 10, 1991 Civil Status: Single Religion: Seventh-Day Adventist

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary : Pasay Adventist Church Elementary School (School Year: 1999- 2004) High School : Pasay City Academy (School Year: 2004-2008) College : Manila Adventist College (College Year: 2008-present)

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Mara Dianne R. Macaraeg Age : 19 years old Date of Birth : July 8, 1992 Civil Status: Single Religion: Seventh-Day Adventist

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT :

Elementary : Caloocan Adventist Elementary School (School Year: 1999- 2004) High School : Pasay City Academy (School Year: 2004-2008) College : Manila Adventist College(College Year: 2008-present)

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Vina-Marie R. Malimban Age : 19 years of age Date of Birth : August 17,1992 Civil Status: Single Religion: Aglipayan

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Bailen Elementary School (School Year: 1999- 2004) High School : Sacred Heart School of Cavite (School Year: 2004-2008) College : Manila Adventist Colleges (College Year: 2008-present)

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Rissian Joy M. Padilla Age : 20 years old Date of Birth : October 13, 1990 Civil Status: Single Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary : Clarendon Montesorri (School Year: 1998- 2003) High School : Clarendon College (School Year: 2003-2007) College : Manila Adventist College (College Year: 2008-present)

PERSONAL DATA

Name : Marjeanette A. Sardea Age : 20 Date of Birth : April 12, Civil Status: Single Religion: Seventh-Day Adventist

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT :

Elementary : Pasay Adventist Church Elementary School (School Year: 1999- 2004) High School : Pasay City Academy (School Year: 2004-2008)

College : Manila Adventist College (College Year: 2008-present)