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AC Power DC Power
Future Higher Voltage Topologies
>40kW
< 2 kW
Traditional Telecom 48V DC AC UPS Powered Configurations Modularity & Scalability
Primary Dist.
B
UPS
Bypass
B B B B B
AC/DC
Server
Rack 48V/380DC
300-400VDC
CDU PSU
B
DC UPS
480V AC MV
DC/DC
12V VR
Rectifier
PDU Rack
Server
Attributes of a DC UPS: Simple input and output distribution, easy to parallel ,no load balancing (derating) Minimal conversion stages grid to chip high end-to-end efficiency and reliability High power quality - isolated from mains, no harmonics Safe voltages at point of use (48VDC systems)
Advantages of integrated, modular UPS systems: High power density in a compact footprint Reduced field wiring and copper content Targeted for row-based deployments; no need for dedicated power room
System optimization challenge best overall system topology for a specific application , not necessarily optimization of individual existing components.
Source: Intel
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Decrease utility power consumption peak shaving and over time. Address all loads , not only compute loads (lighting , cooling , etc) Server virtualization Maintain high availability Best system utilization rightsizing , no stranded power Scalability TCO
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Utility
AC UPS AC compute loads
AC DC
Ultimate
Facility AC loads
Gen
48VDC
Facility DC loads
Interim
DC Energy Station
Batt
Facility AC loads
Green Generator
Facility DC loads
400VDC
AC DC
Utility
DC UPS
Gen
Batt
400VDC
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Eliminate stranded power Operate at peak efficiency at any load Scalability Low TCO Low initial cost Reliability
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High Long
DC Voltage
Distribution efficiency
Cable Distance
Server PS
405
380
373(U.K.)
420 380
350 320
Operating bulk - voltage
300
NEDO PJ. (Sendai)
260
Low Short
ETSI Std. (draft)
200
Distr. Gen.
Demos (Reference)
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Which DC Voltage?
Depends on facility size/application : 1. Scalable facility level distribution
Sites/PODs requiring battery back-up - -48VDC in row solutions Facility/application with renewable energy availability 380VDC simpler interface
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Switchgear
Room-based UPS
Row-based UPS
10
Switchgear
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CONVERSION
Communications
FACILITY DISTRIBUTION
RACK DISTRIBUTION
Power supply
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Provides up to 100KW in each rack Load insulation detection function Max 7 output load connection with load measurement Over load and on/off detection function Standard server rack 600(w)*1000(D)*2000(H) :mm
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Loads A
Loads B
flywheel
1000A CB
Distr. A
40 MCCBs
Distr. B
40 MCCBs 8 brks up to 125A Individually monitored option
1. Any part of the system can be maintained without system shutdown 2. Distribution breakers can be added and wired without system shutdown 3. Top and bottom entry provided 4. All external wiring run in conduits sufficient space to be provided for conduit terminations 5. Failure of either bus A or B should not affect the other bus 6. For single corded loads only one distribution is required 7. Rectifiers can be added or replaced without system shutdown 8. System can operate without battery 9. Individual Rectifier failure does not affect the output bus 10. All cabinet connections must be with conduit 11. UL / CSA / CE approved
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Battery or Loads A Loads B flywheel Emerson Network Power, Energy Systems North America, Inc.; Proprietary and Confidential Information.
480VAC
Controller
Distribution options:
A
Battery Flywheel
1.Fuses shorter clearing time 2.Breakers easier to operate 3.Bus duct plug-ins space,scalability
Server Rack
400VDC UPS
DistrA
DistrB
Bus duct
Bus duct
A
Battery Flywheel
B
Battery Flywheel
A
400VDC UPS
400VDC UPS
Server Rack
Server Rack
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AC Input Configurations
Example of 250kW System Scalable to 750kW
Utility A Utility Utility Utility
OR
400A 250kW
400A 250kW
400A 250kW
TIER 2
Utility Utility A B
OR 1200A 250kW 250kW 250kW 400A 250kW 400A 250kW 400A 250kW
TIER 3
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Partial 2N Concept
Server Room or Electrical Room Server Room or Electrical Room Server Room
B A
Battery Flywheel
Facility Loads
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Feed B
Power strip 50A input ~14.5kW 12 positions Single strip can power up to 2 blade chassis at 14.5kW A or A+B For A only configuration up to 4 blade chassis (two strips) total rack power available 29kW
For A only configuration up to 20 2U servers,40 1U servers (two strips) total rack power available 29kW
Blade chassis example HPc7000 today 3x2700W power supplies ~8kW max Typical load- 4-6kW
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servers 3375W
servers 3375W
Cross bar 20 12V 625A @1.75V 48V - 156A @1.75 V 380V 23A @1.75V 30A,480V, AC,3phase input plug
13.5kW
11x300W 11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
11x300W
11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
13.5kW
11x300W 11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
Server plug 12V - 25A 48V 6.25A 380V - ? (5A plug standard)
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servers 3375W
servers 3375W
Cross bar 20 12V 1250A @1.75V 48V - 312A @1.75 V 380V 46A @1.75V 30A,480V, AC,3phase input plug
13.5kW
11x300W 11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
11x300W
11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
13.5kW
11x300W 11x300W
servers 3375W
servers 3375W
Server plug 12V - 25A 48V 6.25A 380V - ? (5A plug standard)
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Back-up
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Meter
480Vac
Solar Array
AC Distr.
Utility
480/208V PDU
208/120VA servers
Eff 98%?
PS eff 92%?
Solar to server eff = .93x.98x.92= .838 Utility to server eff = .98x.92=.90 Lighting and distribution losses not included
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Meter
480Vac
Solar Array
PV Inverter
480Vac
AC Distr.
Utility
380VDC Converter
380VDC Loads
PS eff 95%?
Solar to server eff = .93x.97x.95=.856 Utility to server eff = .97x.95=.92 Lighting and distribution losses not included
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Solar Array
480Vac
AC Distr.
Utility
380-48VDC Converter
48VDC Loads
Vehicle charge station Appliances
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Estimated efficiencies detailed study in progress Solar to server eff = .97x.95 = .92 Utility to server eff = .97x.95 = .92 Lighting and distribution losses not included
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VRLA -6 V block
equalize 162 324 364.50 163 326 366.75 164 328 369.00 165 330 371.25 166 332 373.50 167 334 375.75 168 336 378.00 169 338 380.25 170 340 382.50 171 342 384.75 172 344 387.00 173 346 389.25 174 348 391.50 175 350 393.75 176 352 396.00 177 354 398.25 178 356 400.50 179 358 402.75 180 360 405.00 To optimize battery applications the voltage range should be:
351.54 353.71 355.88 358.05 360.22 362.39 364.56 366.73 368.90 371.07 373.24 375.41 377.58 379.75 381.92 384.09 386.26 388.43 390.60
283.50 285.25 287.00 288.75 290.50 292.25 294.00 295.75 297.50 299.25 301.00 302.75 304.50 306.25 308.00 309.75 311.50 313.25 315.00
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