Contents

1 kWh and kVArh meters

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 kWh meters After Diversity Maximum Demand (ADMD) Principle of operation of various kWh meters kVArh meters Various connections of kWh and kVArh meters Calculation of multiplier factor Apparent, active and reactive power calculation kWh and kVArh meters: Testing and calibration Summary

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Introduction to Smart Metering

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Energy Measurement Gas/Water/Heat metering Conventional meters (electricity) Metering approaches Need for Smart Metering Features of Smart Metering Summary

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25 27 35 41 44 47 50

Basics of Smart Meters

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Definition of a Smart Meter Functions and Features of Smart Meters Block Diagram of Smart Meters Introduction of Prepayment Meters Tampering and Security of Meters Introduction to M-bus(EN13757) and Wireless M-bus Summary

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51 52 54 61 66 69 73

Metering Technologies
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Metering technologies for Smart Metering Technologies Used for Communication Technologies for Data Storage Meter Data Management (MDM) Methods Used for Billing (Tariff Structure) Load Control Technology System Architecture and Implementation Summary

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76 80 85 86 91 97 101 107

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Definition of AMI Advanced Meter Reading Solutions (AMR) Implementing AMI Benefits of AMI AMI Communication Strategy Security Aspects for AMI AMR Vs AMI Capability Summary

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109 113 116 126 129 142 153 154

Smart Grid
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Need for Smart Grid Characteristics of Smart Grid Future of Smart Grid Features and Implementation of Smart Grid Technologies for Smart Grid Smart Grid Milestones Summary

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157 162 164 167 171 184 189

Applications of Smart Metering

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Implementation of Smart Metering for Water Utilities Implementation of Smart Metering for Gas Utilities Study Reports of Smart Metering for Energy Savings Designing of Smart Homes Using Smart Metering Designing of Smart Premises Using Smart Metering AMR Used in Sub Metering Summary

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191 200 203 207 210 219 222

Implementation of Smart Metering in Different Countries

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Smart Metered Countries Smart Metering Initiatives Around the World Cost Benefit Analysis for AMI Case Study and Roll Out of AMI Trials for Australia Summary

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Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix C

Smart Meter Case Study Glossary Questions Answers

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