Lab experiment 01 Physics II

2012

Dielectric permittivity of air

CHARMAT Othmane El Hadj

Group 05
22/05/2012

Introduction :
In electromagnetism, permittivity is the measure of the resistance that is encountered when forming an electric field in a medium. The permittivity of a dielectric material has both real and imaginary mathematical representations. This imaginary part of Permittivity describes the energy loss from an AC signal as it passes through the dielectric, the mathematical representations will be shown below. The dielectric permittivity of vacuum 0 (also called permittivity of free space or the electric constant)is the ratio D/E in free space. It also appears in the Coulomb force constant 1/40 ; without it, it is very difficult to calculate the electric force. Its value is :

Where c0 is the speed of light in free space, 0 is the vacuum permeability.

Objectives :
The objective of this experiment is to measure the dielectric permittivity of air and using :

Electrostatic balance

Deferent massses

Telescope

Pascopower supply model 9049

Ruler

Theorical part :
First, we adjust the electrostatic balance then set up it at the correct position, then we measure the values of R and r where r is the distance between mirror and the end of the plates, and R is the distance between the telescope and the mirror. We measure plates separation as follow: We put a few masses on the top of plate (p2), until the swing has an equilibrium position of 6mm approximately, and then put enough weight on the plate (p2) to make it go down and rest against the lower plate. And we record the reading of the scale, and then we remove the extra mass so that the swings return to chosen position, we record this position. We compute the force of attraction on the top plate. When the two plates sets at equilibrium position we take the smallest mass from the plate (p2). While watching through the telescope, gradually we increase the potential difference between the plates until the swing again return to the equilibrium position. We compute the electrostatic force F. We compute the dielectric permittivity 0.

In the electrostatic balance we have the following components :

BB

SS M CW P1 P2 SS CW BB

P1 and P2: Plane metal plates. SW: Swing. BB: Bearing blocks. CW: Counterweight. MD: Magnetic damper. M: mirror.

Experimental part :
To find 0, we first apply Gauss law to the posetively charged plate E+ = /(20) = Q/(2A0) ; This field exerts a force of magnitude F, on the negative charge : F/A = E+ ; And we also know that the potential difference between the plates is : V = 2 E+d ; So, 0 = 2Fd/ AV ; where F is the force that the field exert on the negative charge, -A is the area of one plate, -d is the separation between the plates
+ +
+ E d Plates

+ + + +

- - - - - From this experience the goal - to find very precise measurments of d shown - is - - in this figure :
T P S R r M

The optical lever observation system operation

1) To find d we have : (DR) = (2dr) .

where R is the distance betwen the mirror and the telescop ; r is the distance between the mirror and the plates D(D1,D2) = D2 - D1 . Calculation : We have the area A= 12.7cm12.7cm = 161.3 cm 2) Find d : (D R) = (2d r) ; R= 152 cm ; r=28.5 cm. -From the telescope we can have D ; D = D2 D1 = 3.5 cm (from the red) (-3.5 cm)from the black.

2d = (Dr)R

d= (6.529.0)(2152) = 0.62 cm .

3)Then we have calculation of diaelectric permitivity : 0 = (2Fd) (Av) kowing that we have d and A, were left with finding F(the force of attraction) and V(which is the voltage applied for each mass). here is a tabe of the volatage applied for each mass to have the force of attraction : m(the mass removed) mg 20 mg 40 mg 50 mg Voltage (V) 300 V 440 V 500 V F (the force of attraction) 1.962 10-4 N 3.924 10-4 N 4.905 10-4 N

0 1 = (2Fd) (Av) = [2 ( 1.962 10-4 ) 0.6][161.3300] = 9.7 10-12 c/Nm.

With the same calculation we compute 0 2, 0 3 . = 9.0 10-12 c/Nm. 0 2 0 3 = 8.8 10-12 c/Nm. Hence we find 0 : 0 = (0 1 + 0 2 + 0 3 )/3 0 = 9.2 10-12 c/Nm.

calculate the percentage error : %error = | 0 8.85 10-12 | (8.85 10-12)

% error = 3.5 %
Conclusion :
In our first lab experiment(electrostatic), we learnt how to use an Electrostatic Balance with other components to find the dielectric permittivity 0 that is one of the effictive way to determine this last one.