THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES CLASS I WORDS EXPRESSING ABSTRACT RELATIONS SECTION I. EXISTENCE 1.

BEING, IN THE ABSTRACT % #1. Existence. N. existence, being, entity, ens[Lat], esse[Lat], subsistence. reality, actuality; positiveness &c. adj.; fact, matter of fact, sober reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence. presence &c. (existence in space) 186; coexistence &c. 120. stubborn fact, hard fact; not a dream &c. 515; no joke. center of life, essence, inmost nature, inner reality, vital principle. [Science of existence], ontology. V. exist, be; have being &c. n.; subsist, live, breathe, stand, obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place, prevail; find oneself, pass the time, vegetate. consist in, lie in; be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted by. come into existence &c. n.; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c. (appear) 446. become &c. (be converted) 144; bring into existence &c. 161. abide, continue, endure, last, remain, stay. Adj. existing &c. v.; existent, under the sun; in existence &c. n.; extant; afloat, afoot, on foot, current, prevalent; undestroyed. real, actual, positive, absolute; true &c. 494; substantial, substantive; self-existing, self-existent; essential. well-founded, well-grounded; unideal[obs3], unimagined; not potential &c. 2; authentic. Adv. actually &c. adj.; in fact, in point of fact, in reality; indeed; de facto, ipso facto. Phr. ens rationis[Lat]; ergo sum cogito: "thinkest thou existence doth depend on time?" [Lat][Byron]. #2. Inexistence. N. inexistence[obs3]; nonexistence, nonsubsistence; nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility[obs3], nihilism; tabula rasa[Lat], blank; abeyance; absence &c. 187; no such thing &c. 4; nonbeing, nothingness, oblivion. annihilation; extinction &c. (destruction) 162; extinguishment, extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration. V. not exist &c. 1; have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; cease to exist &c. 1; pass away, perish; be extinct, become extinct &c. adj.; die out; disappear &c. 449; melt away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind; go, be no more; die &c. 360. annihilate, render null, nullify; abrogate &c. 756; destroy &c. 162; take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate, extirpate. Adj. inexistent[obs3], nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing, omitted; absent &c. 187; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral, visionary. unreal, potential, virtual; baseless, in nubibus[Lat]; unsubstantial &c. 4; vain. unborn, uncreated[obs3], unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced, unmade. perished, annihilated, &c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost, vanished, departed, gone with the wind; defunct &c. (dead) 360. fabulous, ideal &c. (imaginary) 515, supposititious &c. 514. Adv. negatively, virtually &c. adj. Phr. non ens[Lat].

< p. 1 > % 2. BEING, IN THE CONCRETE % #3. Substantiality. N. substantiality, hypostasis; person, being, thing, object, article, item; something, a being, an existence; creature, body, substance, fle sh and blood, stuff, substratum; matter &c. 316; corporeity[obs3], element, esse ntial nature, groundwork, materiality, substantialness, vital part. [Totality of existences], world &c. 318; plenum. Adj. substantive, substantial; hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible &c. (material) 316; corporeal. Adv. substantially &c. adj.; bodily, essentially. #4. Unsubstantiality. N. unsubstantiality[obs3], insubstantiality; nothingness, nihility[obs3]; no degree, no part, no quantity, no thing. nothing, naught, nil, nullity, zero, cipher, no one, nobody; never a one, ne'er a one[contr]; no such thing, none in the world; nothing whatever, nothing at all, nothing on earth; n ot a particle &c. (smallness) 32; all talk, moonshine, stuff and nonsense; matte r of no importance, matter of no consequence, thing of naught, man of straw, Joh n Doe and Richard Roe, faggot voter; nominis umbra[Lat], nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et praeterea nihil[Lat]. shadow; phantom &c.(fallacy of vision) 443; d ream &c. (imagination) 515; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423[Lat]; "such stuff as dreams are made of" [Tempest]; air, thin air, vapor; bubble &c. 353; "baseless fabric of a vision" [Tempest]; mockery. hollowness, blank; void &c. (absence) 18 7. inanity, fool's paradise. V. vanish, evaporate, fade, dissolve, melt away; di sappear &c. 449. Adj. unsubstantial; baseless, groundless; ungrounded; without f oundation, having no foundation. visionary &c. (imaginary) 515; immaterial &c. 1 37; spectral &c. 980; dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud built, cloud formed ; gossamery, illusory, insubstantial, unreal. vacant, vacuous; empty &c. 187; ev iscerated; blank, hollow; nominal; null; inane. Phr. there's nothing in it; "an ocean of dreams without a sound" [Shelley]. % 3. FORMAL EXISTENCE Internal conditions % #5. Intrinsicality. N. intrinsicality[obs3], inbeing[obs3], inherence, inhesion[o bs3]; subjectiveness; ego; egohood[obs3]; essence, noumenon; essentialness[obs3] &c. adj.; essential part, quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith, marr ow, core, sap, lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul; important part &c. (importance) 642. principle, nature, constitution, character, type, quality, crasis[obs3], d iathesis[obs3]. habit; temper, temperament; spirit, humor, grain; disposition. e ndowment, capacity; capability &c. (power) 157. moods, declensions, features, as pects; peculiarities &c. (speciality) 79; idiosyncrasy, oddity; idiocrasy &c. (t endency) 176[obs3]; diagnostics. V. be in the blood, run in the blood; be born s o; be intrinsic &c. adj. Adj. derived from within, subjective; intrinsic, intrin sical[obs3]; fundamental, normal; implanted, inherent, essential, natural; innat e, inborn, inbred, ingrained, inwrought; coeval with birth, genetous[obs3], haem atobious[obs3], syngenic[obs3]; radical, incarnate, thoroughbred, hereditary, in herited, immanent; congenital, congenite|; connate, running in the blood; ingene rate[obs3], ingenite|; indigenous; in the grain &c. n.; bred in the bone, instin ctive; inward, internal &c. 221; to the manner born; virtual. characteristic &c. (special) 79, (indicative) 550; invariable, incurable, incorrigible, ineradicab le, fixed. Adv. intrinsically &c. adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect, pract ically, virtually, substantially, au fond; fairly. Phr. "character is higher tha n intellect" [Emerson]; "come give us a taste of your quality" magnos homines vi rtute metimur non fortuna [Lat][ Hamlet][Nepos]; non numero haec judicantur sed pondere [Lat][Cicero]; "vital spark of heavenly flame" [Pope]. % External conditions %

#6. Extrinsicality. N. extrinsicality[obs3], objectiveness, non ego; extraneousness &c. 57; accident; appearance, phenomenon &c. 448. Adj. derived from without; objective; extrinsic, extrinsical[obs3]; extraneous &c. (foreign) 57; modal, adventitious; ascititious[obs3], adscititious[obs3]; incidental, accidental, nonessential; contingent, fortuitous. implanted, ingrafted[obs3]; inculcated, infused. outward, apparent &c. (external) 220. Adv. extrinsically &c. adj. < p. 2 > % 4. MODAL EXISTENCE Absolute % #7. State. N. state, condition, category, estate, lot, ease, trim, mood, pickle, plight, temper; aspect &c. (appearance) 448, dilemma, pass, predicament. constitution, habitude, diathesis[obs3]; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp, set, fit, mold, mould. mode, modality, schesis[obs3]; form &c. (shape) 240. tone, tenor, turn; trim, guise, fashion, light, complexion, style, character. V. be in a state, possess a state, enjoy a state, labor under a state &c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass. Adj. conditional, modal, formal; structural, organic. Adv. conditionally &c. adj.; as the matter stands, as things are; such being the case &c. 8. % Relative % #8. Circumstance. N. circumstance, situation, phase, position, posture, attitude, place, point; terms; regime; footing, standing, status. occasion, juncture, conjunctive; contingency &c. (event) 151. predicament; emergence, emergency; exigency, crisis, pinch, pass, push; occurrence; turning point. bearings, how the land lies. surroundings, context, environment 229a[TE 232]; location 184. contingency, dependence (uncertainty) 475; causation 153, attribution 155. Adj. circumstantial; given, conditional, provisional; critical; modal; contingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic) 6; limitative[obs3]. Adv. in the circumstances, under the circumstances &c. n., the circumstances, conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise. accordingly; that being the case, such being the case, in view of the circumstances; that being so, sith[obs3], since, seeing that. as matters stand; as things go, as times go. conditionally, provided, if, in case; if so, if so be, if it be so; depending on circumstances, in certain circumstances, under certain conditions; if it so happen, if it so turn out; in the event of; in such a contingency, in such a case, in such an event; provisionally, unless, without. according to circumstances, according to the occasion; as it may happen, as it may turn out, as it may be; as the case may be, as the wind blows; pro re nata[Lat]. Phr. "yet are my sins not those of circumstance" [Lytton].

< p. 3 > % SECTION II. RELATION 1. ABSOLUTE RELATION % #9. Relation. N. relation, bearing, reference, connection, concern, cognation; c orrelation &c. 12; analogy; similarity &c. 17; affinity, homology, alliance, hom ogeneity, association; approximation &c. (nearness) 197; filiation &c. (consangu inity) 11[obs3]; interest; relevancy &c. 23; dependency, relationship, relative position. comparison &c. 464; ratio, proportion. link, tie, bond of union. V. be related &c. adj.; have a relation &c. n.; relate to, refer to; bear upon, regar d, concern, touch, affect, have to do with; pertain to, belong to, appertain to; answer to; interest. bring into relation with, bring to bear upon; connect, ass ociate, draw a parallel; link &c. 43. Adj. relative; correlative &c. 12; cognate ; relating to &c. v.; relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible to[ obs3]; belonging to &c. v.; appurtenant to, in common with. related, connected; implicated, associated, affiliated, allied to; en rapport, in touch with. approx imative[obs3], approximating; proportional, proportionate, proportionable; allus ive, comparable. in the same category &c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23 ; applicable, equiparant[obs3]. Adv. relatively &c. adj.; pertinently &c. 23. th ereof; as to, as for, as respects, as regards; about; concerning &c. v.; anent; relating to, as relates to; with relation, with reference to, with respect to, w ith regard to; in respect of; while speaking of, a propos of[Fr]; in connection with; by the way, by the by; whereas; for as much as, in as much as; in point of , as far as; on the part of, on the score of; quoad hoc[Lat]; pro re nata[Lat]; under the head of &c. (class) 75 of; in the matter of, in re. Phr. "thereby hang s a tale" [Taming of the Shrew]. #10. [Want, or absence of relation.] Irrelation. N. irrelation[obs3], dissociati on; misrelation[obs3]; inapplicability; inconnection[obs3]; multifariousness; di sconnection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconsequence, independence; incommensurabilit y; irreconcilableness &c. (disagreement) 24; heterogeneity; unconformity &c. 83; irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad rem[Lat]; intrusion &c. 24; non-pertinence. V. have no relation to &c. 9; have no bearing upon, have no concern with &c. 9, have no business with; not concern &c. 9; have no business there, have nothing to do with, intrude &c. 24. bring in head and shoulders, drag in head and should ers, lug in head and shoulders. Adj. irrelative[obs3], irrespective, unrelated; arbitrary; independent, unallied; unconnected, disconnected; adrift, isolated, i nsular; extraneous, strange, alien, foreign, outlandish, exotic. not comparable, incommensurable, heterogeneous; unconformable &c. 83. irrelevant, inapplicable; not pertinent, not to the, purpose; impertinent, inapposite, beside the mark, a propos de bottes[Fr]; aside from the purpose,, away from the purpose,, foreign to the purpose, beside the purpose, beside the question, beside the transaction, beside the point; misplaced &c. (intrusive) 24; traveling out of the record. re mote, far-fetched, out of the way, forced, neither here nor there, quite another thing; detached, segregate; disquiparant[obs3]. multifarious; discordant &c. 24 . incidental, parenthetical, obiter dicta, episodic. Adv. parenthetically &c. ad j.; by the way, by the by; en passant[Fr], incidentally; irrespectively &c. adj. ; without reference to, without regard to; in the abstract &c. 87; a se. #11. [Relations of kindred.] Consanguinity. N. consanguinity, relationship, kind red, blood; parentage &c. (paternity) 166; filiation[obs3], affiliation; lineage , agnation[obs3], connection, alliance; family connection, family tie; ties of b lood; nepotism. kinsman, kinfolk; kith and kin; relation, relative; connection; sibling, sib; next of kin; uncle, aunt, nephew, niece; cousin, cousin- german[ob s3]; first cousin, second cousin; cousin once removed, cousin twice &c. removed; near relation, distant relation; brother, sister, one's own flesh and blood. fa

mily, fraternity; brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood[obs3]. race, stock, genera tion; sept &c. 166; stirps, side; strain; breed, clan, tribe, nation. V. be rela ted to &c. adj. claim relationship with &c. n. with. Adj. related, akin, consang uineous, of the blood, family, allied, collateral; cognate, agnate, connate; kin dred; affiliated; fraternal. < p. 4 > intimately related, nearly related, closely related, remotely related, distantly related, allied; german. #12. [Double or reciprocal relation.] Correlation. N. reciprocalness &c. adj[obs 3].; reciprocity, reciprocation; mutuality, correlation, interdependence, interr elation, connection, link, association; interchange &c. 148; exchange, barter. r eciprocator, reprocitist. V. reciprocate, alternate; interchange &c. 148; exchan ge; counterchange[obs3]. Adj. reciprocal, mutual, commutual[obs3], correlative, reciprocative, interrelated, closely related; alternate; interchangeable; interd ependent; international; complemental, complementary. Adv. mutually, mutatis mut andis[Lat]; vice versa; each other, one another; by turns &c. 148; reciprocally &c. adj. Phr. "happy in our mutual help" [Milton]. #13. Identity. N. identity, sameness; coincidence, coalescence; convertibility; equality &c. 27; selfness[obs3], self, oneself; identification. monotony, tautol ogy &c. (repetition) 104. facsimile &c. (copy) 21; homoousia; alter ego &c. (sim ilar) 17[obs3]; ipsissima verba &c. (exactness) 494[Lat]; same; self, very, one and the same; very thing, actual thing; real McCoy; no other; one and only; in t he flesh. V. be identical &c. adj.; coincide, coalesce, merge. treat as the same , render the same, identical; identify; recognize the identity of. Adj. identica l; self, ilk; the same &c. n. selfsame, one and the same, homoousian[obs3]. coin cide, coalescent, coalescing; indistinguishable; one; equivalent &c. (equal) 27; tweedle dee and tweedle dum[Lat]; much the same, of a muchness[obs3]; unaltered . Adv. identically &c. adj.; on all fours.