to

illustrate how gifted women have historically been suppressed.

Paul Broca (1824-1880) designed studies us craniometry to measure the size of male an female skulls to determine intelligence.

As a female writer in the 1800s, George Eliot had to use a male pseudonym in order to find an outlet for her talented writing.

The plot of her novel illustrates how men have suppressed women, making them the ugly duckling whose beauty is concealed by oppression.

Broca entered the project with the bias th men were more intelligent than women, wh tainted his methods and interpretation.

Saint Theresa might have started something big, but as many gifted women of the day, she was a foundress of nothing.

Middlemarch was published in1873, the same year Broca measures prehistoric skulls in L Homme Mort cave and finds less of a difference between male and female brain size than in his modern autopsies.

Broca conducted research and misconstrued the numb and data support his assumptions and prejudices.

The research team measured 292 male and 140 female brains after autopsy and found that the male brain weighed an average of 14% more than the female brain. Broca erred in equating brain size with intelligence and in ignoring possible causes for differing brain size such as height.
Brocas research team was invulnerable to objection because he seemed so meticulous

The researchers evoked evolutionary pressures whic favored large brains in male because they had to fight fo food and protection.

In 1879 the misogynist (woman hater) Gustave Le Bon viciously attacked women with these data, comparing their brain size t