100

MATRICES


Addition of Matrices
*
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+ +
+ +
=
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+
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\
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s d r c
q b p a
s r
q p
d c
b a


Subtraction of Matrices
*
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=
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s d r c
q b p a
s r
q p
d c
b a


Multiplication of a matrix by a number k
* k
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=
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\
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kd kc
kb ka
d c
b a


Multiplication of two matrices
1) ( ) ( ) bq ap
q
p
b a + =
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2) ( )
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=
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bq bp
aq ap
q p
b
a

3)
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\
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+
+
=
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\
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\
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dq cp
bq ap
q
p
d c
b a

4)
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+ +
+ +
=
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\
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ds cq dr cp
bs aq br ap
s r
q p
d c
b a

Inverse Matrix
If A =
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d c
b a
, then inverse of A,
A
-1
=
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a c
b d
bc ad
1
ad bc is known as determinant.
A
-1
does not exist if the determinant is zero



I is Identity Matrix = [


]

A I = A

A A
-1
= I = A
-1
A
101

1 (a) Given the matrix equation
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=
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1 0
0 1
0 1
3 2
1
3 0
p
k , find the value of k
and of p.
(b) Hence, by using matrices, solve the following simultaneous linear equations:
3 2
2 3
=
=
y x
y

[6 marks]







































102

2 M is a 2 2 matrix such that M
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4 2
5 3
=
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1 0
0 1

(a) Find the matrix M.
(b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

6 4 2
2 5 3
= +
= +
q p
q p

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of p and of q.
[6 marks]






































103

3 (a) The inverse of matrix
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3 2
9 5
is
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5
9 3
1
q p
.
Find the value of p and of q.
(b) By using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
1 3 2
6 9 5
=
=
y x
y x

[6 marks]






































104

4 M is a 2 2 matrix such that M
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1 2
5 3
=
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1 2
5 3

(a) Find the matrix M.
(b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

9 2
17 5 3
=
=
y x
y x

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y.
[6 marks]







































105

5 It is given that matrix M =
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2 3
2 1
, matrix N =
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1 3
2
1
q
p
and
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=
1 0
0 1
MN .

(a) Find the value of p and of q.
(b) Hence using matrices, solve the following equation:

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=
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3
11
2 3
2 1
y
x

[6 marks]






































106

6 (a) Find the inverse matrix of
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2 1
2 4
.
(b) By using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
9 2
14 2 4
=
= +
y x
y x

[6 marks]







































107

7 (a) Given matrix
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=
5 7
4 6
A , find the inverse matrix of A.
(b) By using matrices, calculate the value of m and of n that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
9 5 7
8 4 6
= +
=
n m
n m

[6 marks]







































108

8 (a) The inverse of matrix
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4 5
2 1
is
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1 5
4 r
n .
Find the value of n and of r.
(b) By using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
5 4 5
2 2
=
=
y x
y x

[6 marks]






































109

9 (a) Given that
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\
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=
2 3
1 n
P .
(i) Calculate the value of n, if matrix P has no inverse.
(ii) If n = 5, find the inverse of matrix P.
(b) Hence, by using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the
following matrix equation:
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\
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=
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\
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1
7
2 3
1 5
y
x

[6 marks]





































110

10 (a) It is given that M is a 2 2 matrix such that
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\
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=
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1 0
0 1
4 5
2 3
M .
Find matrix M.
(b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation.
7 4 5
4 2 3
= +
=
w u
w u

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of u and of w.
[6 marks]







































111