Ludwig Maximilians Universitt Mnchen

Anton Hammerl, Gerhard Holl, Manfred Kaiser Thomas M. Klaptke*, Holger Piotrowski

Hydrazinium Azide Hydrazinate

Introduction Synthesis
The first indication for a hydrazine adduct of hydrazinium azide was found by Rieger, who isolated a colorless solid from a solution of hydrazinium azide in a mixture of ethanol and hydrazine that had a different melting point than hydrazinium azide. [6] While hydrazinium azide hydrazinate was mentioned in the literature [7] prior to this work, the compound had never been characterized or examined thoroughly. Hydrazinium azide hydrazinate was synthesized in a straightforward, [8] quantitative synthesis from equimolar amounts of hydrazinium azide and hydrazine in an evacuated schlenk vessel by heating the vessel for two days to 50 C. [9]

Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (D), 81377 Munich, e-mail: Thomas.M.Klapoetke@cup.uni-muenchen.de

Most high energetic materials, such as TNT, RDX, HMX and CL-20 derive their energy from the oxidation of the carbon backbone. Modern compounds such as CL-20 [1] or the recently reported hepta- and octanitrocubanes [2] possess very high densities and utilize the cage strain of the molecules. High nitrogen materials were investigated in recent years where the energy is derived from the high positive heat of formation of the compound. These compounds are often insensitive to electrostatic discharge, friction and impact like the recent 3,3'azobis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine). [3] It was shown that the detonation velocity of hydrazinium azide at similar densities is greater than the detonation velocity of RDX, due to the formation of hydrogen during the explosion. [4] Unfortunately, hydrazinium azide is hygroscopic and volatile and, therefore, not in commercial use. The characteristics of hydrazinium azide were not improved by introducing organic substituents. [5] Here the coordination of a hydrazine molecule to hydrazinium azide was investigated.

[ H2NNH3 ]+ [ N3 ] +

H2NNH2

[ H2NNH3 ]+ [ N3 ]

H2NNH2

Characterization

IR
15

N NMR Raman

H NMR
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 ppm

14

N NMR
cm1

DSC

2.30(2) 2.07(2) 2.21 2.21(2) 2.24(2) 2.26 (2) 2.21(2) 2.30(2)

N7 N6 N2 N1 N3

N6
1.92(2)

N7

2.07(2) 2.22(2)

N4
2.21(2)

N5
2.22(2) 1.73(2)

2.26(2)

N4 N5

Explosive properties
Hydrazinium azide hydrazinate is not sensitive to shock (> 5kg/ 50 cm), friction, sparks (>20 kV). The explosion of hydrazinium azide hydrazinate yields nitrogen, ammonia and hydrogen.
[ H2NNH3 ] [ N3 ]
+

References
[1] R. L. Simpson, P.A. Urtiew, D. L. Ornellas, G. L. Moody, K. J. Scribner, D. M. Hofman, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 1997, 22, 249 and references therein. [2] M-X. Zhang, P. E. Eaton, R. Gilardi, Angew. Chem.2000, 112, 422; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2000, 39, 409. [3] D. E. Chavez, M. A. Hiskey, R. D. Gilardi, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 1861; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2000, 39, 1791. [4] G. S. Yakovleva, R. Kh. Kurbangalina, L. N. Stesik, Fiz. Goreniya Vzryva 1974, 10(2), 270-274. [5] a) T. Habereder, A. Hammerl, G. Holl, T. M. Klaptke, J. Knizek, H. Nth, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 849-852. b) T. Habereder, A. Hammerl, G. Holl, T. M. Klaptke, P. Mayer, H. Nth, Int. Annu. Conf. ICT 2000, 31st, 150-1. c) A. Hammerl, G. Holl, K. Hbler, T. M. Klaptke, P. Mayer, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 755-760. d) A. Hammerl, G. Holl, M. Kaiser, T. M. Klaptke, P. Mayer, H. Nth, M. Warchhold, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., in press. [6] H. D. Rieger, Ph.D. Thesis: Hydronitric acid and hydrazine trinitrate, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1910. [7] a) A. L. Dresser, A. W. Browne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 58, 261. b) E. P. Kirpichev, A. P. Alekseev, Y. I. Rubtsov, G. B. Manelis, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 1973, 47, 1654. [8] m.p.: 65 C. 1 H NMR ([D6]DMSO): = 5.07 (s, NH). 14 N NMR ([D6]DMSO): = -133 (NNN), -278 (NNN), -321 (NH2NH3 , NH2NH2). 15N NMR ([D6]DMSO): = -133.4 (NNN), -278.2 (NNN), -332.5 (NH3 NH2), NH2NH2). IR (KBr): /cm-1 = 3451 w, sh, 3356 m, 3285 m, 3168 m, 3063 m, 2958 m, 2603 m, sh, 2029 s, 1603 m, 1530 w, sh, 1342 w, 1260 w, 1096 m, 1016 w, sh, 949 w, 798 w, 649 w, 621 w, 552 w. - Raman (100 mW): /cm-1 = 3272 w, 3187 m, 1643 w, 1337 s, 1250 w, 1143 w, 961 w, 942 w, 439 w, 325 w, 233 m, 195 m, 154 m, 129 m. DSC: 16 C, 65 C (m.p.), 151.5C. - N7H9: (107.12): Calc.: H 8.5 %, N 91.5 %; found: H 8.9 %, N 90.2 %.

H 2NNH2

30 bar

2.63 N2 + 1.91 H2 + 1.73 NH3

Conclusion
Hydrazinium azide hydrazinate is less hygroscopic and less volatile than hydrazinium azide, though its melting point is lower. The explosion of the hydrazine adduct gives more ammonia than the explosion of hydrazinium azide.