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Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Report for Stanley Road Landfill

Hydrogeological Assessment
Feburary 2008

Contents
Executive Summary 1. 2. Introduction Scope of Work
2.1 2.2 2.3 Desktop Review Site Visit Hydrogeological Conceptual Site Model

i 1 2
2 3 3

3.

Site Characterisation
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Site Location Site Description and Layout Topography Regional Geology Regional Hydrogeology Natural Surface Water Receptors Landfill Construction Review of Existing Historical Reports Groundwater Monitoring Program

4
4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 8

4.

LANDFILL REVIEW RESULTS


4.1 4.2 Review of Historical Data Trends Review Bore Construction

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10 12

5.

Site Hydrogeology and Conceptual Model


5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Aquifers Groundwater Levels Groundwater Migration Direction Site Conceptual Model

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14 14 15 15

6. 7. 8. 9.

Conclusions Recommendations Limitations of this Report References

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Table Index
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Historical Report Summaries Existing Well Locations Groundwater Monitoring Schedule and Analytical Suites 7 8 9

Figure Index
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Regional Location Site Layout Groundwater Levels and Flow Direction (July 2008) Hydrogeological Transect Lines Cross-section through Landfill (North-Southeast) Cross-section through Landfill (East-West) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Appendices
A

Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

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Executive Summary
The Bunbury Harvey Regional Council commissioned GHD to undertake a Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Site in accordance with the Department of Environment and Conservation landfill operating licence (L7067/1997/11). The objectives of the assessment were to assess the effectiveness of the current monitoring program and network in identify landfill impacts to the groundwater, the potential impacts to environmental receptors and the requirement for improvements in the groundwater monitoring program. The scope of works included the following tasks:

A review of available historical reports; A review of available geological and topographical data; A site walkover; An assessment of historical laboratory analysis data; An assessment of groundwater levels; and

Construction of a hydrogeological conceptual site model identifying the source/s, pathways and receptors of any potential landfill contamination impacts. The Site is located approximately 160 km south of Perth, 20 km northeast of Bunbury. The Site encompasses an area of approximately 1.3 km 2 of which landfill and sand mining activities currently occupy approximately one quarter of the area. These activities are currently confined to the southwest corner and southern areas of the Site. The remainder of the Site is uncleared bushland. The Site was commissioned as a Class 2 Landfill in 1991 and currently consists of three unlined cells (leachate uncontrolled). Sand excavation is occurring in two areas adjacent to the landfill. During the Site walkover undertaken on the 20 January 2009, verbal communication with the landfill manager, Mr Tony Battersby, and landfill staff established that the landfill historically collected municipal type wastes as well as tyres, asbestos cladding and building products and limited medical, quarantine and offal wastes. Earlier this year the landfill began to separate green wastes, recyclable tyres and building materials. Mr Battersby confirmed the life time of the landfill was expected to continue for another 6 years. The Site currently has twelve serviceable groundwater monitoring wells located at 6 locations around the landfill accessing shallow and deep groundwater at each location (one shallow well is dry). Three production bores are known to be in use in the vicinity, one onsite production bore (max 200L/day) and a production bore on each of the neighbouring sites to the west and south of the landfill, inferred as significant water supply bores to satisfy the on-site activities (dust suppression etc). Based on the soil bore and monitoring well installation information, the hydrogeology of the Site comprises a shallow sand aquifer (saturated thickness of 2 -7m) underlain by clays (approx. 6-8m thick) which is in turn underlain by deeper sand aquifer (>6 m thick). The clays are inferred to be laterally continuous beneath the Site and likely separate and limit the hydraulic connectivity between the shallow and deeper sand aquifers. Although some of the geological logging information is incomplete (logged by drilling contractors), groundwater levels at the Site support the presence of a laterally continuous clay layer, with groundwater

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levels in the shallow aquifer approximately 4 to 5 metres higher that the groundwater levels in the deeper aquifer. Groundwater flow directions in the deeper aquifer indicate that groundwater discharges towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River, located approximately 600m to the south-east of the Site. While it is likely that the shallow aquifer also discharges into the Wellesley/Brunswick River, the groundwater flow direction could not be determined from the available data. During GHD Site walkover groundwater s levels were not obtainable in at least one of the shallow groundwater monitoring wells given gas exhalation and extensive bubbling of the water column in the well (possibly methane production). The proximity of groundwater abstraction wells, likely screened within the shallow aquifer at the adjacent site and possible monitoring well survey errors may also limit the determination of the shallow groundwater flow direction and usefulness of the data. The base of the unlined landfill is reported as above the shallow aquifer groundwater levels and given the inferred hydraulic separation of the shallow and deeper aquifer (clays), potential landfill impacts should be limited to the shallow aquifer. The groundwater laboratory analysis data (collated quarterly) indicates that landfill impacts, identified by lower pH levels, increased concentrations of nitrogen, potassium and chloride, are impacting groundwater quality of the shallow aquifer immediately to the south and the southeast of the landfill. The presence of these impacts supports that the groundwater flow direction in the shallow aquifer is in a south-easterly direction (towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River). The groundwater laboratory analysis data indicates that landfill impacts appear to be migrating from the shallow aquifer into the deeper aquifer (at one monitoring well location), possibly through the migration of shallow water into the deeper aquifer via an inadequate monitoring well seal (bentonite/cement),or considered less likely, via a discontinuity in the clay layer (hole). The review of the available information (geological, laboratory analysis and hydrogeological) indicates that the distribution and fate and transport of groundwater impacts derived from the landfill are not well understood. As a consequence the following further investigations are recommended. The groundwater levels and flow direction in the shallow aquifer should be confirmed by undertaking the following: Reinstallation of a shallow dry monitoring well to determine groundwater flow directions, during which the presence/continuity of the clay layer beneath the well area should also be confirmed.

Undertake high frequency gauging of water levels in the monitoring wells screened in the shallow aquifer, initially monthly and then quarterly (as dictated by data variation and seasonal fluctuations in water levels).

Obtain an estimate of the groundwater levels in the shallow monitoring wells impacted from gas exhalation by temporarily displacing bubbling well column via introducing a slug of water into the well (following water level stabilisation). Consideration should be given to sampling of the monitoring well gas to confirm the presence of methane and derivation from the landfill.

Identify the location, screened interval and abstraction rates/times of the production bore(s), located in the adjacent off site landfill (and influence on shallow groundwater levels).

Undertake resurveying of the current onsite wells to provide confirmation and increased confidence in the current and future groundwater level data.

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ii

Following confirmation of the shallow groundwater flow direction, an assessment should be undertaken to determine additional monitoring well requirements to confirm and the extent, distribution and concentration of the groundwater landfill impacts and, potential fate and transport and impacts to the sensitive receptors (Wellesley/Brunswick River). Following the above investigative works, a regular groundwater monitoring program should be optimised with an aim to provide a long term monitoring program suitable for landfill closure whilst minimising the costs to the Bunbury Harvey Regional Council.

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iii

1. Introduction
The Bunbury Harvey Regional Council (BHRC) comprises the City of Bunbury and the Shire of Harvey and was established to oversee and manage the development of a regional landfill located at lot 45 Stanley Road, Wellesley (the Site). The Site commenced operation in 1991 and has operated as a licensed Class 2 Landfill since January 1997, with its license renewed annually. The BHRC commissioned GHD to undertake a Hydrogeological Assessment of the Site in accordance with the Department of Environment and Conservation landfill licence (L7067/1997/11). The main objectives of the assessment were to: 1. Undertake a review of any available existing data to characterise hydrological and hydrogeological conditions at the Site and to identify any potential data gaps; 2. Assess the hydrogeology characteristics influencing the Site; and

3. Make recommendations for improvements to the current groundwater monitoring network, and updates to the current monitoring program, if necessary.

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2. Scope of Work
The scope of work completed by GHD is described below.

2.1

Desktop Review

GHD undertook a review of available published information to characterise hydrological and hydrogeological conditions at the Site and to identify any potential data gaps. GHD completed the following tasks as part of the desktop study:

A review of the local and regional geology, including a review of bore logs of the current onsite bores, to ascertain soil type and geological formations underlying the Site that are influencing groundwater flow patterns; A review of the local and regional hydrology and hydrogeology, including a review of historical groundwater depths and flow direction, to assess the groundwater regime at the Site and identify potential contamination receptors, if any;

A review of the local topography and surface waters to assess potential surface water flow patterns and identify potential contamination receptors, if any;

A review of any available landfill construction data detailing the Site layout, surface drainage, pit s linings and leachate flow regimes;

A review of any existing historical reports regarding environmental, hydrological, hydrogeological, and/or contamination issues at the Site made available to GHD by the client;

A review of any existing historical data trends to assess past and present groundwater quality impacting the Site and potentially impacting hydrological receptors; and

A review of the construction details of the current onsite bores to assess the integrity, quality and efficiency of their construction.

Material provided by BHRC for review during the desktop study included: Rust PPK, 1995, Numerical Stimulation of Groundwater Abstraction in the Bunbury Region, August 1995, Document number 93G049A:PR2:0348:Rev B; Rust PPK, 1995, Hydrogeological Investigation of the Australind Solid Waste Landfill Site, October 1995, Document number 98G067A:PR2:0334:RevB; ATA Environmental, 2005, Letter, Advice on the Location and Operation of Bores Stanley Road Landfill, December 2005, Document number BHR-2003-001_012_nd; ATA Environmental, 2006, Stanley Road Landfill 2005 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report, May 2006, Document number 2006/101; GHD, 2007, Report for Stanley Road Landfill Groundwater Monitoring October 2007 Results, Document number 61/14716/12/73577; and BCE Surveying, 2008, Bunbury Harvey Regional Tip Stanley Road Topography Figure, Plan number E2472-01.

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2.2

Site Visit

A Site visit was undertaken on the 20 January 2009 to assess Site conditions, potential surface flow regimes and potential environmental issues. The aim of the Site visit was to gain further knowledge of the landfill operations, the layout and construction of the landfill, surface water drainage and leachate production and management. Photographs of the Site were taken and are documented in this report. During the Site visit, personnel with knowledge of the Site were interviewed, where possible, to ascertain available knowledge as to the construction, operation and contents of the landfill, past management practices and the life of the landfill.

2.3

Hydrogeological Conceptual Site Model

GHD developed conceptual cross-sectional hydrogeological models of the Site to illustrate sources of potential contamination, potential surface water and groundwater pathways, and any identified potential environmental and human health receptors of such contamination. The report presents conceptual site models based on GHD understanding of the groundwater regime, s surface water drainage and landfill operation. The report also provides an assessment of the current groundwater monitoring network and recommendations for changes to the current monitoring program, if required.

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3. Site Characterisation
3.1 Site Location

The Site is located approximately 160 km south of Perth and 20 km northeast of Bunbury at lot 45 Stanley Road, Wellesley (Figure 1). The Site lies to the east of the Australind Bypass Road, approximately 500m west of Old Coast Road and 2 km south of Marriott Road. Access to the Site is via Stanley Road.

3.2

Site Description and Layout

The Site, located on lot 45, encompasses an area of approximately 1.3 km 2. The landfill area currently occupies approximately one quarter, 0.24 km2, of the Site. Landfill activities are currently confined to the southwest corner and southern half of the Site. The remainder of the Site is uncleared bushland dissected by fire tracks. The site is shown in Figure 2. Prior to being commissioned for use as an unlined landfill in 1991, the Site was vacant land. Since opening the landfill has operated as a Class 2 Landfill and currently consists of three unlined cells referred to as cells 1, 2 and 3 (Figure 2). Sand excavation is occurring in two areas, west of cell 3 and east of cell 2. The area immediately to the west of cell 3 has been cleared to allow for the separate collection of green wastes. Two surface water sumps, one south of cell 1 and one east of cell 2, act as temporary passive surface water collection points for intermittently directed surface water runoff from the landfill. Entrance to the Site is via Stanley Road to the south west and graded access tracks run along side each of the cells. Numerous fire tracks run the perimeter and divide the remainder of the Site. The site office stands at the entry of the Site. A designated wetlands conservation area exists towards the northern Site boundary (Figure 2).

3.3

Topography

A review of the local topography was undertaken with reference to the following materials: BCE Surveying, 2008, Bunbury Harvey Regional Tip Stanley Road Topography number E2472-01

Figure, Plan

Biggs, E.R. (1979). Harvey-Lake Preston Urban Geology, Parts of Sheets 2031 I and 2031 IV. Perth: Geological Survey of Western Australia; Western Australian Land Information Authority, 2009, Shared land Information Platform (SLIP) Enabler, www2.landgate.wa.gov.au (accessed February 9 2009); and

NATMAP, 1981, Bunbury Western Australia Sheet 2031 Edition 1 National Topographic Map Series, Commonwealth of Australia;

Rust PPK, 1995, Hydrogeological Investigation of the Australind Solid Waste Landfill Site, October 1995, Document number 98G067A:PR2:0334:RevB.

The Site lies within the high sand dunes of the coastal plain where land heights generally range between 15 to 25m AHD (Biggs, 1979 and NATMAP, 1981). The regional landscape slopes gently downward to

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the west towards the Leschenault Estuary and more sharply to the east towards the Wellesley River. The local topography also consists of undulated dunal systems however this has been extensively modified due to the excavation and landfill activities that have taken place. Prior to these activities, the natural topography generally appears to have been lowest in the north of the Site, less than 15m AHD, gently sloping up to 15m AHD towards the centre of the Site and continuing to increase, though not exceeding 20m AHD in the south of the Site. Three dune peaks are identifiable in the northwest corner of the Site, exceeding 20m AHD, in the southwest of the Site, exceeding 26m AHD, and in the southeast of the Site, exceeding 20m AHD (Landgate and Rust PPK, 1995). Beyond the Site boundary, the natural topography generally decreases in a south easterly direction towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River. The northern half and eastern portion of the Site remains predominantly unchanged due to the excavation and landfill activities that have occurred in the south-western quarter. However, it is the southern half, particularly the southwest corner, which has undergone the greatest landscape alterations. The three unlined cells were excavated to approximately 14m AHD to accommodate waste and following waste deposition are approximately 27m AHD.

3.4

Regional Geology

The regional geology of the Site is described as high sand dunes associated with Tamala Limestone overlying Tamala Limestone at varying depths (GSWA, 1982). The Guildford Formation underlying the superficial deposits is described predominantly as alluvial sandy clays (GSWA, 1982). A review of the drillers bore logs supplied in Rust PPKb (1995) and ATA Environmental (2005) generally indicates surficial soils consists of undifferentiated sands overlying inter-bedded clays and sands at depth.

3.5

Regional Hydrogeology

The Water Authority of Western Australia (1994) describe the hydrogeology of the area to comprise of an unconfined aquifer and series of confined aquifers resulting from alternating sand and clay layers make up the superficial formations underlying the Site. The superficial formations overlay a micaceous shale unit at approximately 35-40m bgl which forms the confining layer to the Leederville aquifer. The Leederville aquifer is underlain by the Yarragadee aquifer (WAWA, 1994). Regional groundwater flow is expected to flow towards the coast to the west. However, groundwater flow at the Site is expected to flow towards the nearest discharge boundary likely to be the Wellesley/Brunswick River, located approximately 0.6 km to the southeast.

3.6

Natural Surface Water Receptors

The nearest surface water drainage feature to the Site is the Wellesley River, approximately 0.6 km southeast. The Wellesley River joins the Brunswick River approximately 0.65 km south of the Site which in turn discharges to the Leschenault Estuary and Koombana Bay of the Indian Ocean, approximately 8.5 and 12 km southwest of the Site, respectively. It is considered that most surface water at the Site infiltrates the landfill or is evaporated, and it is unlikely that surface water runoff from the Site would migrate and impact the Wellesley/Brunswick River.

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Two conservation wetland areas are in the vicinity of the landfill, one is centrally located in the north of the Site and the other lies just south of the Site, to the southeast of cell 2. The wetlands are reportedly seasonally inundated (Figure 2). Surface water runoff from the landfill is unlikely to flow towards these areas given most surface water infiltrates the landfill or is evaporated.

3.7

Landfill Construction

Landfill activities are confined to three cells referred to as cells 1, 2 and 3 (Figure 2). Cells 1 and 2, along the southern boundary are currently in use and appear to have merged into one large cell. Cell 3 lies adjacent cell 2 to the north and is not currently in use. The current height of all three cells is estimated at approximately 27m AHD. Finishing heights are anticipated to reach 32m AHD in 6 years time (estimated landfill life, pers comm. Landfill Manager, Mr Tony Battersby). The base of the cells is at 14m AHD maintaining a 3m clearance above the watertable. The cells were excavated from quartz sands and are unlined. Leachate is not controlled through onsite drainage systems nor collected. Any leachate produced as a result of rainfall infiltration is anticipated to leach directly into the underlying aquifer. In an effort to minimise leachate production, surface water above the cells was, temporarily directed to surface water sumps south of cell 1 and east of cell 2 according to onsite staff (pers comm. Jack Stidworthy) (Figure 2). However, the installed PVC drainage lines were lost and/or destroyed over the course of land filling and have not been replaced.

3.8

Review of Existing Historical Reports

GHD reviewed three existing reports provided by BHRC regarding previous hydrogeological investigations undertaken at the landfill. Major findings from these reports are summarised in the Table 1 below.

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Table 1 Document

Historical Report Summaries Summary Rust PPK (Rust), then Mackie Martin PPK completed a hydrological investigation of the southern section of lot 45. The report concluded that geology at the Site consists of an upper sand unit overlying continual clay horizon above a lower sand unit. In addition, shallow groundwater was present within the upper sand unit, perched above the clay and flowed in a broadly westwards direction. However it was stated that flow varied in a south-easterly to south-westerly direction. Further it was suggested that discharge may occur to the coast or towards the Brunswick River. A lower aquifer is present in the lower sand unit partially confined by clay. Limited downward leakage may occur from upper to lower aquifer. Groundwater analysis showed no evidence of any impact on groundwater quality from the landfill Further groundwater monitoring recommended.

Rust PPK, 1995, Hydrogeological Investigation of the Australind Solid Waste Landfill Site, October 1995, Document number 98G067A:PR2:0334:RevB;

ATA Environmental, 2005, Letter, Advice on the Location and Operation of Bores Stanley Road Landfill, December 2005, Document number BHR-2003001_012_nd

The BHRC requested advice and clarification from ATA Environmental regarding groundwater monitoring being undertaken at the Site. ATA reported that the western (WS) bore was drilled and screened at similar depths as the other shallow bores however due to the geology at this location did not encounter water. The driller reported that this well was dry at the time of drilling. The document considered that a relatively large number of bores exist onsite and relatively low impact is being encountered, therefore there appears no urgency to replace WS. The deep bore in the area may be accessing the only aquifer in the area as a shallow aquifer may not exist in this location due to geological variation. The document stated geology and hydrogeology of the landfill is slightly unusual in that there is a clearly defined clay layer present at 10 m bgl across much of the Site. This clay layer is acting as a barrier and greatly retarding movement of water between the upper and lower aquifers. As a result, it would be expected that landfill impacts would be confined to the upper aquifer. Shallow monitoring bores terminate within the clay layer and are intended to be the primary means of detecting and monitoring landfill impacts to groundwater. Deeper bores were drilled through clay layer to depths of 24-25m bgl and terminate in a second impermeable layer of micaceous shale. They are screened over 9m of the lower aquifer for the purpose of detecting any contamination leaking through the clay barrier. The documented reported there was no evidence of impacts from the landfill within the deeper aquifer. It is reported that the available data did show some evidence of impacts to water quality in the upper aquifer, however the level of

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impact is low and is not expected to extend large distances (0.5-1 km). Further the nature of the nutrients and organic contaminants would result in their dispersion and dilution naturally within 10-20 years following closure. ATA were doubtful that landfill impacts would be detectable in domestic bores down gradient unless they were within 0.5-1 km of the Site. Within 500m of the Site the water should be fit for irrigation and stock supply. ATA found no pressing case for additional bores to be installed other than the re-drilling of bore WS to intersect water. ATA Environmental, 2006, Stanley Road Landfill 2005 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report, May 2006, Document number 2006/101 ATA Environmental undertook the quarterly groundwater monitoring for 2005. Depth to groundwater data indicated a significant difference in groundwater flow direction in the upper and lower aquifer. Based on the available data, ATA were unable to definitively depict groundwater flow directions in the upper and lowers aquifers. Assessment of the laboratory results most notably concluded: seasonal fluctuations of most parameters; increased nitrogenous compounds in several bores; increasing trends in copper and zinc in some bores; and generally low concentrations of nutrients and metals in most bores. No severe impacts to groundwater were detected and the document reported the groundwater quality to indicate an overall improving trend. Further groundwater monitoring and assessment of hydrogeological conditions was recommended.

3.9

Groundwater Monitoring Program

Quarterly groundwater monitoring is currently undertaken at twelve wells in six locations across the Site. The six locations are described in Table 1 and shown in Figure 3. Table 2 Well ID Existing Well Locations Easting* Northing* Well Depth** (m bgl) 10.00 24.00 10.00 24.00 10.60 26.40 10.00 Screened Interval** (m bgl) 4.0-10.0 18.0-24.0 4.0-10.0 18.0-24.0 4.6-10.6 17.4-26.4 4.0-10.0 Top of Casing*** (m AHD) 20.97 20.97 13.84 13.85 15.29 15.23 15.33

WS WD SWS SWD 1S 1D SES

50383491 50383491 50383645 50383645 50383948 50383948 50384122

6321081 6321081 6320980 6320980 6320967 6320967 6320978

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Well ID

Easting*

Northing*

Well Depth** (m bgl) 24.00 10.40 23.60 10.00 24.00

Screened Interval** (m bgl) 18.0-24.0 4.4-10.4 17.6-23.6 4.0-10.0 18.0-24.0

Top of Casing*** (m AHD) 15.33 17.61 17.56 17.43 17.43

SED 2S 2D ES ED
Note:

50384122 50384921 50384921 50385004 50385004

6320978 6321431 6321431 6321720 6321720

* Eastings and Northings were recorded from a handheld GPS unit on the day of the Site Visit. **Depth of wells and screened intervals was sourced from supplied bore logs (ATA Environmental, 2005) *** Surveyed top of casing information was sourced from Table 1 (ATA Environmental, 2006).

The monitoring schedule and corresponding analytical suites are presented in Table 2. Table 3 Frequency Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Schedule and Analytical Suites Timing January, April, July, October Analytical Suite Inorganic (physical parameters, major nutrients, major ions, heavy metals (8)) Organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, triazine herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, total recoverable hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbezene and xylenes)

Annually

October

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4. LANDFILL REVIEW RESULTS


4.1 Review of Historical Data Trends

GHD have reviewed analytical data of groundwater monitoring from February 2005 to October 2008. Historical graphs relating to physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids), major nutrients, major ions and heavy metals are presented in Appendix D. A review of this data is summarised below. 4.1.1 Physical Parameters
Historical data trends indicate groundwater pH exhibits a slightly lower range in the shallow monitoring (3.5-7) wells than in the deeper monitoring wells (4-8). The lower pH is particularly evident in shallow wells SES and SWS, located on the southern boundary of the landfill which displays an average historical pH of approximately 4.5 and 5, respectively. The corresponding deep wells, SED and SWD, have recorded higher historical averages of approximately 6 and 6.5, respectively.

Electrical conductivity (EC) and TDS appears relatively low and stable in most wells with the exception of shallow monitoring wells 1S and SES. These shallow wells show elevated and fluctuating EC and TDS, and are located on the southern boundary of the landfill.

4.1.2 Nitrogen Compounds The historical total nitrogen concentrations in the majority of the wells indicate generally low concentrations (less than 5 mg/L), with the following exceptions: Weakly elevated and fluctuating concentrations in shallow monitoring well 1S (maximum 10 mg/L), located on the southern boundary,

A weak increasing trend in deep monitoring well SWD (maximum 7 mg/L), located on the southern boundary, evident since October 2007

The historical ammoniacal-nitrogen concentrations in the majority of the wells indicate generally low concentrations (less than 5 mg/L), with exception of the following: Moderately elevated and fluctuating concentrations in shallow monitoring wells 1S (maximum 15 mg/L), located on the southern boundary (although currently low at 2 mg/L).

A moderate increasing trend in deep monitoring well SWD (maximum 7 mg/L), located on the southern boundary, evident since February 2005

Excluding weak historical fluctuations prior to January 2008 (less than 3 mg/L)The historical nitratenitrogen graphs indicate low concentrations of nitrate in the shallow and deep wells across the site(less than 1 mg/L). 4.1.3 Selected Major Ions The historical chloride concentrations are generally stable with concentrations across the site ranging between 500 to 500 mg/L with exception of the following:

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Moderately elevated and fluctuating concentrations of chloride in shallow monitoring well 1S (maximum 1050 mg/L), located on the southern boundary. However, over the last two years of monitoring the concentrations have stabilised and are less than 500 mg/L Moderately elevated and fluctuating concentrations of chloride in shallow monitoring well SES (maximum 1900 mg/L), located on the southern boundary. Although fluctuating, the long term trend in concentrations appears to be increasing. The fluctuations may reflect seasonal influences, possibly relating to rainfall infiltration through the landfill.

The historical potassium concentrations are generally stable with concentrations across the site generally ranging between 1 to 10 mg/L with exception of the following: Moderately elevated and fluctuating concentrations of potassium in shallow monitoring well 1S located on the southern boundary (maximum 13 mg/L),. However, over the last two years of monitoring the concentrations have stabilised and are less than 7 mg/L

Moderately elevated and fluctuating concentrations of potassium in shallow monitoring well SES (maximum 20 mg/L), located on the southern boundary. Although fluctuating, the long term trend in concentrations appears to be increasing. The fluctuations may reflect seasonal influences.

4.1.4 Heavy Metals The concentrations of metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium copper, lead, nickel and zinc) over the historical monitoring period are generally low and although the concentrations fluctuate, the concentrations do not indicate increasing trends. The occurrence of low level metal fluctuations can be a reflection of using alternate sampling laboratories and site collection methodologies over the monitoring period, which is supported by the apparent random occurrence of fluctuating metal concentrations in both shallow and deep wells, and in wells located in both, up and down hydraulic gradient, of the landfill. Excluding well 2D, the concentrations of manganese are low and stable in all wells (less than 0.1 mg/L). The occurrence of weakly elevated manganese in well 2D likely reflects background concentrations (and groundwater redox), given the well is located up-gradient of the landfill. 4.1.5 Organic Compounds (2007/2008) The following organic compounds were not identified above the limits of reporting in 2007 and 2008 from all shallow and deep groundwater wells:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (except naphthalene); Organochlorine pesticides; Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes; Total recoverable hydrocarbons; Organophosphorus pesticides (2008 only); and Polychlorinated biphenyls (2008 only).

The following organic compounds were detected in the following wells during the single monitoring event in 2008.

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Naphthalene detected in a deep well located on the western boundary of the landfill (0.02 ug/L). Low level hydrocarbons detected in shallow well 1S, and deep wells 1D and 2D (78, 48 and 210 ug/L, respectively).

4.2

Review Bore Construction

Bore logs of the current onsite wells were presented in a letter from ATA Environmental (2005) provided to GHD by the BHRC. According to the bore logs, groundwater wells 1S, 1D and 2S, 2D were installed by the Bunbury Drilling Company in 1999. These wells were constructed of 50mm, Class 9 blank and slotted PVC. The annular space around the bores was backfilled to the surface with a graded quartz gravel pack except for a betonite plug that was placed from 12-13m bgl below the shallow wells (10.4-10.6m bgl) and above the screen (17.4-17.6m bgl) of the deep wells. The bores were capped at either end. Groundwater wells WS, WD, SWS, SWD, SES, SED, 2S, 2D, ES and ED were installed by Australind Boring Pty Ltd. The wells were constructed of 50mm, Class 12 blank and slotted PVC. The annular space around the bores was backfilled with graded sand from approximately 3-10m bgl in the shallow well and approximately 16-24m bgl in the deep wells. A four metre cement seal filled the annular space from approximately 12-16m bgl in the deep wells while no seal was installed in the shallow wells. Shallow and deep wells were backfilled with drill cuttings from approximately 0-3m bgl and 0-12 m bgl, respectively. GHD review of monitoring well construction found bore logs to contain insufficient information on the s geological information (particularly clay continuity) and the integrity and placement of bentonite/cement seals to sufficiently infer monitoring of the separate aquifers (by Australind Boring Pty Ltd logged by drilling contractors). However, the fact that hydraulic head differentials between aquifers are apparent infers some degree of hydraulic separation is likely maintained. 4.2.1 Existing Production Bores in the Region There are three known production bores in the vicinity of the Site confirmed by the landfill manager, Mr Tony Battersby. One production bore is located onsite, within close proximity to the Site office. Production bores are also in use on the neighbouring Sites to the west and south, Catalano Pty Ltd and the Class 1 landfill operated by JW Cross & Sons, respectively. According to Mr Battersby the one onsite bore is estimated to draw less than 200L/day. The majority of the landfill (the Site) water requirements are met by the production bore on the Class 1 landfill operated s by JW Cross & Sons to the south of the Site. This bore is anticipated to be heavily used however quantifiable amounts are unknown. Pumping rates for the production bore on the neighbouring sand mining site operated by Catalano Pty Ltd are also unknown. A Department of Water (DoW) bore database search indicates there are 17 registered bores located within a 1 km radius of the Site. The database has no record of the bores located on the Site and further no record of the neighbouring production bores. The nearest recorded bore is located approximately 100 m to the north-west of the Site. This bore is privately owned for domestic/household purposes. Though this bore would appear to be located up gradient of groundwater flow it is pertinent to note that unregistered bores may exist around the Site, down gradient of groundwater flow, which could also be

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Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

12

used for domestic/household purposes and potentially even for human and animal consumption. Such bores would therefore constitute potential contamination receptors.

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5. Site Hydrogeology and Conceptual Model


5.1 Aquifers

A review of historical bore logs for the Site identified that the local geology comprises fine to medium grained quartz superficial sands overlying a confining layer of clays and sandy clays. Superficial sands vary in thickness from approximately 4 to 17m. The saturated thickness of the upper shallow aquifer ranges from approximately 2-7m. The underlying confining layer is estimated to range from approximately 6 to 8m thickness and is inferred as relatively continuous beneath the Site and is likely to separate and limit the hydraulic connectivity between the shallow and deeper sand aquifers. The confining clay layer is in turn underlain by deeper sands that extend beyond documented bottom of hole depths (>6 m thick). A review of the geological logging data found some information contradictory, assumedly logged by drilling contractors, in regards to the continuous presence of a confining layer across the Site. However, groundwater level difference between the shallow and deep aquifers at the Site supports the presence of a laterally continuous clay layer.

5.2

Groundwater Levels

Historical data reports water levels in the shallow wells lie between 4.2 and 7.5m below ground level (bgl) (8-11m AHD) summer/post summer and 3.4 to 6.7m bgl (10-14.3m AHD) in the winter and post winter months. Depth to groundwater in the deep wells was gauged between 8.3 and 14.8m bgl (4-6.5m AHD) during the summer/post summer months and 7.7 to 14.1m bgl (4.8-6.9m AHD) in the winter and post winter months. The above data indicates that shallow groundwater levels are approximately of 4 to 5 metres higher than the underlying deeper groundwater levels, and that a downward hydraulic head potential exists between the upper shallow aquifer and the deeper aquifer. The existence of the hydraulic head potential supports that the clay confining layer is continuous beneath the site. 5.2.1 Anomalous Groundwater Levels It is noted that during GHD Site walkover groundwater levels were not obtainable in at least one of the s shallow groundwater monitoring wells (SES) given gas exhalation and extensive bubbling of the water column in the well (possibly methane production). Previously gauged water levels from monitoring well SES and potentially wells 1S and SWS may therefore prove inaccurate. The difficulty in determining groundwater flow in the upper aquifer may also be impeded by the proximity of the groundwater abstraction well, likely screened within the shallow aquifer, at the southerly adjacent site and the developing cone of depression associated with abstraction. Further, the surveying of the monitoring wells onsite appears erroneous and possibly indicates that stand-up steel casings were surveyed rather than the PVC of the individual wells given numerous wells are reported at the same height. Such survey errors may also limit the determination of the shallow groundwater flow direction and usefulness of the data.

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5.3

Groundwater Migration Direction

Groundwater flow directions, constructed from the historic groundwater levels in the deeper aquifer indicate that groundwater discharges towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River, located approximately 0.6 km to the south-east of the Site (Figure 3). Groundwater flow directions in the shallow aquifer could not be determined from the available data. However, it is considered likely that the shallow aquifer groundwater flow direction is also towards, and discharges to, the Wellesley/Brunswick River.

5.4

Site Conceptual Model

Hydrogeological cross sections have been constructed through the site based on the existing geological logs during excavation of soil bores and installation of groundwater monitoring wells. The cross section traces are shown on Figure 4 and the hydrogeological cross sections are shown on Figures 5 and 6. The hydrogeological cross section shows the following features:

The position of the unlined landfill (potential source); Shallow saturated sand aquifer (2 7m thick) underlain by a clay layer underlain by a deeper sand aquifer; Groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer 4- 5m above that in the deeper aquifer, The presence of clays beneath the site is inferred as continuous and hydraulically separates the shallow and deep aquifers (supported by hydraulic head difference); Monitoring well WS is dry and it is likely that the well has been installed short of the water table; Potential landfill impacts from the landfill would leach into the shallow aquifer and be transported with groundwater flow, potentially migrating towards and impacting the Wellesley/Brunswick River; and Potential landfill impacts should be restricted to the shallow aquifer, due to the inferred presence of the clay confining layer beneath the site.

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6. Conclusions
Based on the hydrogeological assessment undertaken the following conclusions can be drawn.

The hydrogeology of the Site comprises a shallow sand aquifer (saturated thickness of 2-7m) underlain by clays (approx. 6-8m thick) which is in turn underlain by a deeper sand aquifer (>6 m thick). The clays are inferred to be laterally continuous beneath the Site and likely separate and limit the hydraulic connectivity between the shallow and deeper sand aquifers. Although some of the geological logging information is incomplete and contradictory (logged by drilling contractors), groundwater levels at the Site support the presence of a laterally continuous clay layer, with groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer approximately 4 to 5 metres higher that the groundwater levels in the deeper aquifer. Groundwater flow directions in the deeper aquifer indicate that groundwater discharges towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River, located approximately 0.6 km to the south-east of the Site. While it is likely that the shallow aquifer also discharges into the Wellesley/Brunswick River, the groundwater flow direction could not be determined from the available data. During GHD Site walkover groundwater levels were not obtainable in at least one of the shallow s groundwater monitoring wells given gas exhalation and extensive bubbling of the water column in the well (possibly methane production). The proximity of groundwater abstraction wells, likely screened within the shallow aquifer at the adjacent site and possible monitoring well survey errors may also limit the determination of the shallow groundwater flow direction and usefulness of the data. The base of the unlined landfill is reported to be above groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer and given the inferred hydraulic separation of the shallow and deeper aquifer (clays), potential landfill impacts should be limited to the shallow aquifer. The groundwater laboratory analysis data (collated quarterly) indicates that landfill impacts, identified by lower pH levels, increased concentrations of nitrogen, potassium and chloride, are impacting groundwater quality of the shallow aquifer immediately to the south and the southeast of the landfill. The presence of these impacts supports that the groundwater flow direction in the shallow aquifer is in a south-easterly direction (towards the Wellesley/Brunswick River). The groundwater laboratory analysis data indicates that landfill impacts appear to be migrating from the shallow aquifer into the deeper aquifer (at one monitoring well location), possibly through the migration of shallow water into the deeper aquifer via an inadequate monitoring well seal (bentonite),or considered less likely, via a discontinuity in the clay layer (hole). The current groundwater monitoring program is considered adequate. Quarterly groundwater monitoring is considered thorough and the 2008 inorganic and organic analytical suites are considered comprehensive. A review of monitoring well construction found insufficient information to adequately infer monitoring of the separate aquifers. However, the fact that hydraulic head differentials between aquifers are apparent infers some degree of hydraulic separation is likely maintained.

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7. Recommendations
The review of the available information (geological, laboratory analysis and hydrogeological) indicates that the distribution and fate and transport of groundwater impacts derived from the landfill are not well understood. As a consequence the following further investigations are recommended. The groundwater levels and flow direction in the shallow aquifer should be confirmed by undertaking the following: Reinstallation of a shallow dry monitoring well to determine groundwater flow directions, during which the presence/continuity of the clay layer beneath the well area should be confirmed.

Undertake high frequency gauging of water levels in the monitoring wells screened in the shallow aquifer, initially monthly and then quarterly (as dictated by data variation and seasonal fluctuations in water levels).

Obtain an estimate of the groundwater levels in the shallow monitoring wells impacted from gas exhalation by temporarily displacing bubbling well column via introducing a slug of water into the well (following water level stabilisation). Consideration should be given to sampling of the monitoring well gas to confirm the presence of methane and derivation from the landfill.

Identify the location, screened interval and abstraction rates/times of the production bore(s), located in the adjacent off site landfill (and influence on shallow groundwater levels).

Undertake resurveying of the current onsite wells to provide confirmation and increased confidence in the current and future groundwater level data.

Following confirmation of the shallow groundwater flow direction, an assessment should be undertaken to determine additional monitoring well requirements to confirm and the extent, distribution and concentration of the groundwater landfill impacts and, potential fate and transport and impacts to the sensitive receptors (Wellesley/Brunswick River). Following the above investigative works, a regular groundwater monitoring program should be optimised with an aim to provide a long term monitoring program suitable for landfill closure whilst minimising the costs to the Bunbury Harvey Regional Council.

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Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

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8. Limitations of this Report


This report presents the results of a Hydrogeological Site Assessment prepared for the purpose of this commission. The data and advice provided herein relate only to the project and structures described herein and must be reviewed by a competent engineer/scientist before being used for any other purpose. GHD Pty Ltd accepts no responsibility for other use of the data. Where drill hole or test pit logs, laboratory tests, geophysical test and similar work have been performed and recorded by others the data is included and used in the form provided by others. The responsibility for the accuracy of such data remains with the issuing authority, not with GHD. It should be noted that because of the inherent uncertainties in subsurface evaluations, changed or unanticipated subsurface conditions may occur that could affect total project cost and/or execution. GHD does not accept responsibility of the consequences of significant variances in the conditions and the requirements for execution of the work. During remediation or subsequent investigations the subsurface and surface earthworks and excavations should be examined by a suitably qualified and experienced Engineer/Scientist who shall judge whether the revealed conditions accord with both the assumptions in this report and/or the design of the remediation works. If they do not accord, the Engineer/Scientist shall modify the advice in this report and/or design of the works to accord with the circumstances that are revealed. An understanding of the subsurface site conditions depends on the integration of many pieces of information, some regional, some site specific, some structure specific and some experience based. Hence this report should not be altered, amended or abbreviated, issued in part or issued incomplete in any way without prior checking and approval by GHD. GHD accepts no responsibility for any circumstances which arise from the issue of the report which has been modified in any way as outlined above.

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Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

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9. References
ATA Environmental, 2005, Letter, Advice on the Location and Operation of Bores Stanley Road Landfill, December 2005, Document number BHR-2003-001_012_nd ATA Environmental, 2006, Stanley Road Landfill 2005 Annual Groundwater Monitoring Report, May 2006, Document number 2006/101 BCE Surveying, 2008, Bunbury Harvey Regional Tip Stanley Road Topography Figure, Plan number E2472-01 Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA), (1982), Harvey-Lake Preston Urban geology, Parts of Sheets 2031 I and 2031 IV, 1:50 000, Urban Geology Series, Geological Survey of Western Australia, Perth GHD, 2007, Report for Stanley Road Landfill Groundwater Monitoring October 2007 Results, Document number 61/14716/12/73577 NATMAP, 1981, Bunbury Western Australia Sheet 2031 Edition 1 National Topographic Map Series, Commonwealth of Australia Rust PPKa, 1995, Numerical Stimulation of Groundwater Abstraction in the Bunbury Region, August 1995, Document number 93G049A:PR2:0348:Rev B Rust PPKb, 1995, Hydrogeological Investigation of the Australind Solid Waste Landfill Site, October 1995, Document number 98G067A:PR2:0334:RevB Water Authority of Western Australia (WAWA), 1994, Bunbury Groundwater Area Management Plan, Water Authority of Western Australia, Report No. WG198 Western Australian Land Information Authority, 2009, Shared land Information Platform (SLIP) Enabler, www2.landgate.wa.gov.au (accessed February 9 2009) Western Australian Land Information Authority, 2009, LANDGATE Survey Channel Map Viewer, www.landgate.com.au (accessed February 7 2009)

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Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

19

Figures
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Regional Location Site Layout Groundwater Levels and Flow Direction (July 2008) Hydrogeological Transect Lines Cross-section through Landfill (North-Southeast) Cross-section through Landfill (East-West)

61/23254/82838

Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

370,000

385,000

6,330,000

6,315,000

370,000

385,000

LEGEND

Subject Land Boundary

1:150,000 (at A4)


0 0.75 1.5 3 km
Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) Grid: Map Grid of Australia 1994, Zone 50

4.5

Bunbury-Harvey Reg Council Hydrogeological Assessment of Stanley Rd Landfill

Job Number Revision Date

61-23254 0 25 MAR 2009

Regional Location

Figure 1

GHD House, 239 Adelaide Terrace Perth WA 6004 T 61 8 6222 8222 F 61 8 6222 8555 E permail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au G:\61\23254\GIS\mxds\6123254-G001.mxd 2009. While GHD has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, GHD and LANDGATE make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. GHD and LANDGATE cannot accept liability of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred as a result of the product being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: GHD: Subject Land Boundary - 20090224; Landgate: Travellers Atlas 2004 Edition - 2004. Created by: xntan

6,315,000

6,330,000

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

Kemerton Industrial Area Vegetated Buffer Zone

6,321,750

ED ES

Wetlands Conservation Area

! >

Green Waste Collection Point

2D 2S

! >

Neighbouring Farmland

Sand Excavations
PE RT H PE RT BU NB H U -B UN RY B U HW RY Y HW Y

Cell 3

Surface Water Sump

Cell 1
Catalano Pty Ltd Sandmine & Storage Area
WD WS

Cell 2

Sand Excavations

! >

6,321,000

1D 1S

SED SES

! >

! >

STANLEY RD

Site Entry Wetlands Conservation Area JW Cross & Sons Sand Excavation & Class 1 Landfill
Riv

er

y sle lle

Locality Map

INDIAN OCEAN

LESCHENAULT ! AUSTRALIND ! EATON BUREKUP !

!
R INE D MAR

! BUNBURY

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

1:7,500
0 37.5 75 150

(at A3)
225 300

Metres
Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) Grid: Map Grid of Australia 1994, Zone 50

LEGEND

! >

Bore Location Lot Boundary Subject Land Boundary

" /

Surface Water Sump Surface Water Flow Direction

Bunbury-Harvey Reg Council Hydrogeological Assessment of Stanley Rd Landfill

Job Number Revision Date

61-23254 0 25 MAR 2009

Site Layout

Figure 2
8555 E permail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au

G:\61\23254\GIS\mxds\6123254-G002.mxd GHD House, 239 Adelaide Terrace Perth WA 6004 T 61 8 6222 8222 F 61 8 6222 2009. While GHD has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, GHD and LANDGATE make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. GHD and LANDGATE cannot accept liability of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred as a result of the product being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: GHD: Bore Locations - 20090223, Lot Boundary - 20090224, Surface Water Sump - 20090324, Surface Water Flow Direction - 20090325; Landgate: Bunbury 2006 Mosaic - SLIP 20090224. Created by: xntan

6,321,000

Site Office

" SWS / ! SWD >

Surface Water Sump

" /

6,321,750

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

6,321,750

! ED >
5.19

! >
2 5.
PE RT H PE RT BU NB H U -B UN RY B U HW RY Y HW Y

2D 4.93

8 6.

0 5.

! >
6 6.

WD 6.66

4 6.
2 6.

6,321,000

! 6.17 >
STANLEY RD

SWD

0 6.

8 5.

6 5.

! 1D >
4 5.
5.58

! 5.19 >

SED

y sle lle

Riv

er

Locality Map

INDIAN OCEAN

LESCHENAULT ! AUSTRALIND ! EATON BUREKUP !

!
INE D MAR R

! BUNBURY

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

1:7,500
0 37.5 75 150

(at A3)
225 300

Metres
Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) Grid: Map Grid of Australia 1994, Zone 50

LEGEND

! >

Bore Location Lot Boundary

Groundwater Contour (mAHD) Groundwater Flow Direction

Bunbury-Harvey Reg Council Hydrogeological Assessment of Stanley Rd Landfill

Job Number Revision Date

61-23254 0 25 MAR 2009

Groundwater Levels & Flow Direction (July 2008/Deep Wells)

Figure 3

G:\61\23254\GIS\mxds\6123254-G003.mxd GHD House, 239 Adelaide Terrace Perth WA 6004 T 61 8 6222 8222 F 61 8 6222 2009. While GHD has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, GHD and LANDGATE make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. GHD and LANDGATE cannot accept liability of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred as a result of the product being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: GHD: Bore Locations - 20090223, Groundwater Contour - 20090224; Landgate: Bunbury 2006 Mosaic - SLIP 20090224; GHD: Lot Boundary - 20090224. Created by: xntan

8555 E permail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au

6,321,000

6,321,750

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

NORTH
B1

! >
6,321,750

! >
See Figure 6

M2 ED ES

! >

! B4A > ! > ! >


M1 2D 2S

B4

! >

Cell 3
PE RT H PE RT BU NB H U -B UN RY B U HW RY Y HW Y

Cell 1
WD WS

Cell 2

See Figure 5 WEST


6,321,000

! >

! >
SWD SWS

A1 B1

! >
SED SES

D1

EAST
6,321,000

! >

1D 1S

! >

! > ! >

! >

C1

STANLEY RD

y sle lle

Riv

er

Locality Map

INDIAN OCEAN

LESCHENAULT ! AUSTRALIND ! EATON BUREKUP !

SOUTH-EAST !
INE D MAR R

! BUNBURY

382,750

383,500

384,250

385,000

1:7,500
0 37.5 75 150

(at A3)
225 300

Metres
Map Projection: Transverse Mercator Horizontal Datum: Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) Grid: Map Grid of Australia 1994, Zone 50

LEGEND
Lot Boundary Hydrogeological Transect Lines Cross Section through Landfill (North-South-East) Cross Section through Landfill (East-West)

Bunbury-Harvey Reg Council Hydrogeological Assessment of Stanley Rd Landfill

Job Number Revision Date

61-23254 0 25 MAR 2009

! > ! >

Groundwater Well Former Investigation Bore (No Longer Existing)

Hydrogeological Transect Lines

Figure 4

G:\61\23254\GIS\mxds\6123254-G004.mxd GHD House, 239 Adelaide Terrace Perth WA 6004 T 61 8 6222 8222 F 61 8 6222 2009. While GHD has taken care to ensure the accuracy of this product, GHD and LANDGATE make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose. GHD and LANDGATE cannot accept liability of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred as a result of the product being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data Source: GHD: Bore Locations - 20090223, Hydrogeological Transect Lines - 20090226; Landgate: Bunbury 2006 Mosaic - SLIP 20090224; GHD: Former Investigation Bores - 20090223. Created by: xntan

8555 E permail@ghd.com.au W www.ghd.com.au

6,321,750

B1

M2

M1

A1

1S 1D

1S

WS WD

SWS SWD

A1

1S 1D

B1

SES SED

C1

1S

D1

2S 2D

Appendix A

Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

61/23254/82838

Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

Concentration (mg/L) Conductivity (uS/cm) 3500 4000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0
Fe

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

500

Fe

b05 b05 b05 -0 5 5 -0 5 5 O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 Ju l O M -0 6 ct -0 6 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 Ap r Ap r Ju l -0 O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 6 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 O ct -0 6 -0 7 M ar ct -0 7 -0 8 -0 8 8 O Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 O ct -0 8

Fe

Ap r

-0 5

Ju l

-0

ct -0 5

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 6

Ju l

-0

ct -0 6

pH

ar

-0 7

ar O

-0 7 ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l O -0 8 -0 8 -0 8 ct -0 8

Electrical Conductivity

Total Dissolved Solids

ct -0 7

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 8

Ju l

-0

61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

ct -0 8

Concentration (mg/L) 0.01 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0 0.01 0.0005 0.0015 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.001
Fe b05 -0 5 5 Ap r Ju l -0 5 O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 -0 O M 6 ct -0 6 ar O -0 7 ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l O -0 8 -0 8 -0 8 ct -0 8 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0

Concentration (mg/L)

Concentration (mg/L)

0.002 0

Fe Fe b05 -0 5 Ap r Ju l O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 6 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 O ct -0 6 -0 7 M ar ct -0 7 -0 8 -0 8 8

b05

Ap r

-0 5

Ju l

-0

ct -0 5

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 6

Ju l

-0

ct -0 6

ar O Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 O ct -0 8

-0 7

Arsenic Concentrations

Cadmium Concentrations

Chromium Concentrations

ct -0 7

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 8

Ju l

-0

61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

ct -0 8

Concentration (mg/L) 10 15 20 25 0 0 5 1 2 3 4 12 15 18 6 9
Fe b05 b05 -0 5 -0 5 Ju l -0 5 O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 Ap r Fe

Concentration (mg/L)

Concentration (mg/L)

Fe Ap r Ju l -0 5 O ct -0 5 -0 6 Ap r Ju l O Ja n

b05

Ap r

-0 5

Ju l

-0

ct -0 5 Ja n Ap r -0 6 -0 6 ct -0 6 M ar O -0 7 ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l O -0 Ju l -0 6 O ct -0 6 -0 7

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 6

Ju l

-0

ct -0 6 M ar

ar O ct -0 7 -0 8

-0 7

Total Nitrogen Concentrations

ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r -0 8 Ju l -0 8 O ct -0 8

Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentrations

Ja n

-0

8 -0 8 -0

Ammoniacal-Nitrogen Concentrations

Ap r

-0 8

Ju l

-0

8 ct -0 8

61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

ct -0 8

Concentration (mg/L) Concentration (mg/L)


Concentration (mg/L)

0.05 0.2 0.3

0.15

0.25

0.35

0.1

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.005

0.015

0.025

Fe

0 0

b05 b05 b05 -0 5 5 -0 5 Ju l -0 O ct -0 5 -0 6 -0 6 Ju l O M -0 6 ct -0 6 ar O -0 7 ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l O -0 8 -0 8 -0 8 ct -0 8 Ja n 6 Ap r Ap r Fe Ap r Ju l -0 5 O ct -0 5 -0 -0 6

Fe

Ap r

-0 5

Ju l

-0

ct -0 5 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 6 O ct -0 6 -0 7 M ar ct -0 7 -0 8 -0 8

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 6

Ju l

-0

ct -0 6

ar O

-0 7

Lead Concentrations

Copper Concentrations

Manganese Concentrations

ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 8 O ct -0 8

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 8

Ju l

-0

61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

ct -0 8

Concentration (mg/L) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 0 1 1000 1500 2000 500 10 15 20 25
Fe Fe b05 -0 5 Ap r -0 5 Ju l -0 5 5 O ct -0 5 Ja n 6 Ap r -0 6 -0 O Ju l -0 6 -0 -0 6 ct -0 5

Concentration (mg/L) Concentration (mg/L) 0

Fe b05

b05 Ap r Ju l -0 O

Ap r

-0 5

Ju l

-0

ct -0 5 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 6 O ct -0 6 -0 7 M ar ct -0 7 -0 8 Ap r Ju l O -0 8

Ja n

-0

Ap r

-0 6 6 ct -0 6 M ar O

Ju l

-0

ct -0 6

ar O

-0 7

-0 7 ct -0 7 Ja n -0

Chloride Concentrations

Potassium Concentrations

ct -0 7 Ja n Ap r Ju l -0 8 O ct -0 8

Ja n

Total Phosphorus Concentrations

-0

8 -0 8 -0

Ap r

-0 8

Ju l

-0

8 ct -0 8

Nickel Concentrations 61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

ct -0 8

Nickel Concentrations
0.03 0.025 Concentration (mg/L) 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0
6 b05 -0 5 -0 6 -0 7 8 ct -0 5 ct -0 6 ct -0 7 -0 8 Ja n ar Ja n Ap r Ap r Ap r Ju l Ju l Ju l Ju l -0 8 O ct -0 8 O ct -0 8 5 6 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 8

Fe

Zinc Concentrations
0.3 0.25 Concentration (mg/L) 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
6 b05 -0 5 -0 6 -0 7 8 Ja n -0 ct -0 5 ct -0 6 Ja n Ap r Ap r ar ct -0 7 -0 -0 -0 Ap r Ju l Ju l -0 8 5 6

Fe

1S

1D

2S

2D

ES

ED

SES

SWS

SED

SWD

WD

61/23254 Bunbury Harvey Regional Council Hydrogeological Assessment of the Stanley Road Landfill Historical Groundwater Monitoring Results

GHD GHD House, 239 Adelaide Tce. Perth, WA 6004 P.O. Box Y3106, Perth WA 6832 T: 61 8 6222 8222 F: 61 8 6222 8555 E: permail@ghd.com.au GHD 2008 This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Document Status
Rev No. 0 Author A. Barron Reviewer Name P. Hamer Signature Approved for Issue Name P. Hamer Signature Date

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Stanley Road Landfill Hydrogeological Assessment

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