H-BRIDGE QUAD MOSFET DRIVER FOR DC MOTOR CONTROL

Submitted by Ritesh Kakkar

2011-12 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SHIVALIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEHRADUN (UTTARAKHAND)-248001

Acknowledgement

A special thanks to Mr.Rohan Raj of the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for his support and guidance throughout the Project preparation. Also, special thanks to

Er.A.K.Gupta, Head of Department, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering for supporting our endeavor .

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Introduction

An H-Bridge is an electronic power circuit that allows motor speed and direction to be controlled. Often motors are controlled from some kind of brain or micro controller to accomplish a mechanical goal. The micro controller provides the instructions to the motors, but it cannot provide the power required to drive the motors. An H-bridge circuit inputs the micro controller instructions and amplies them to drive a mechanical motor. This process is similar to how the human body generates mechanical movement; the brain can provide electrical impulses that are instructions, but it requires the muscles to perform mechanical force. The muscle represents both the H-bridge and the motor combined. The H-bridge takes in the small electrical signal and translates it into high power output for the mechanical motor.

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Project Requirment

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

MOSFET IRF 9540/540 MICRO-CONTROLLER (PIC16F67X) COMPARATOR LM339 PMDC MOTOR DIODE 1N4007 PCB, WIRES, RESISTANCE, POTTENTIAL METER, REQULATOR 7805, etc.

III. Design Schematic

The integrated circuit allows N-Channel Power MOSFETS driving in a full H-bridge configuration and is best suited for DC Motor Control Applications. The four drivers outputs are designed to allow MOSFET switching. The speed and direction of the motor are to be set by two pins. Voltage across the motor is controlled by low side Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). This PWM feature can be made internally when the input pin is connected to an analog signal, or it can be given directly from a digital source.

Fig. Design schematic of H-BRIDGE QUAD MOSFET DRIVER FOR DC MOTOR CONTROL

Fig. Microcontroller (PIC16F676) pin diagram

Moreover, integrates a 5V voltage regulator suitable as a power supply output for the microcontroller.Using this circuit speed control of DC motor is achieved.

III.WORKING Bridge : The power electronics actually form a letter H configuration, as shown in figure. The switches are symbolic of the electronic Power MOSFETs which are used for switching.

If it is desired to turn the motor on in the forward direction, switches 1 and 4 must be closed to power the motor. Figure below is the H-Bridge driving the motor in the forward direction.

If it is desired to turn the motor on in the reverse direction, switches 2 and 3 must be closed to power the motor. Figure below is the H-Bridge driving the motor in the reverse direction.

IV.Test Results

Fig. PWM Voltage Waveform on CRO

The advantages possessed by PWM techniques are as under:

(a) The output voltage control with this method can be obtained without any additional components. (b) With the method, lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimized along with its output voltage control. As higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering requirements are minimized.

V.Picture of Final PCB

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VI. Picture of Simulation

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VII. Rating of MOSFET

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VII. Programing Microcontroller

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V. Applications and conclusion

Most often H-bridges are used to control rotational direction of DC motor. And unless you buy a potentially expensive motor-driver, you need an H-bridge to control any robot with a motor.

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