St. Rocks College of Commerce & Science.

ST. ROCKS COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & SCIENCE

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Project on

Electronic Stethoscopes

Under the Guidance of, iraj Gala

Mr.N

By: Pranay Tushar Shinde Std: Sy.Bsc.IT Roll No: 13

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Abstract
An electronic stethoscope having several modes of operation to process acoustic signals to provide filtered signals useful for diagnosis. In one mode of operation the stethoscope substantially provides only acoustic signals generated by biological activity of the heart. In another mode of operation, the acoustic stethoscope substantially provides only acoustic signals generated by biological activity of the lungs. In another mode of operation, the electronic stethoscope disproportionately amplifies abnormal heart sounds and normal heart sounds to enhance diagnosis of heart abnormalities. The electronic stethoscope is operated in a manner similar to a conventional acoustic stethoscope and has similar spectral characteristics, thus allowing a user with acoustic stethoscope experience to easily use the electronic stethoscope. Electronic stethoscope is developed to improve the limitations and add functions to a conventional stethoscope. In electronic stethoscope, sound is transformed into electrical signal which offers various benefits including signal quality improvement, signal record and signal transfer via wireless. Electronic stethoscope in the market is expensive. Therefore, this research aims to design and develop a low-cost electronic stethoscope prototype that can filter frequency, reduce external noise and make real-time digital signal processing.

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index
1.Introduction
Why a electronic stethoscope is used. Features of electronic stethoscope.

2.Block Diagram Description of diagram 3.Description Advantages of electronic stethoscope. Disadvantages of electronic stethoscope. Latest technology used in electronic stethoscope.

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Introduction
An electronic stethoscope having a vibration transducer, an amplifier, a headphone arrangement, and at least one digital filter for establishing at least one impulse transfer function corresponding to at least one acoustic stethoscope type. Thus, the signals heard will correspond to those learned, and thereby the advantages of greater amplification and elimination of noise sources may be fully utilized. The ability to compensate for an individual doctor's hearing loss is enabled. Furthermore, with stereoscopic embodiments, sound frequency distributions can be transformed to spatial or temporal sound distributions perceivable by the user facilitating, for example, the detection of heart murmurs and the taking of blood pressure.

Why a electronic stethoscope is used?

An electronic stethoscope is used to listen to your heartbeat and you would normally use a listening tube or stethoscope. This electronic stethoscope circuit uses a piezo sounder from a musical greetings card or melody generator, as a microphone. This transducer has an output signal in the order of 100 mV and its low frequency response is governed by the input impedance of the amplifier. For this reason we have chosen to use an emitter follower transistor amplifier. This has a high input impedance and ensures that the transducer will have a very low frequency response. At the output you just need to connect a set of low impedance headphones to be able to listen to your heartbeat. Replacing the emitter follower with a Darlington transistor configuration will further increase the input impedance of the amplifier. Embedded Systems

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Features of electronic stethoscope

Hear chest sounds, fetal sounds, and check bloodpressure through clothing layers. Direct conversion of sound from the chest to electronic signals minimizes SOUND INTERFERENCE. Ideal stethoscope for use in air and ambulance transport of patients

Separate adjustable filter and volume controls.

Electronic stethoscopes work by converting acoustic signals produced by a body organ into electronic signals. They are more expensive than quality conventional stethoscopes, electronic stethoscopes now look much the same in appearance as a traditional stethoscope. Electronic stethoscopes offer enhanced sound quality and are easy to operate. Sound received from the sensor is transmitted to the ears through the tubing. Traditional tubing folds easily so that these stethoscopes fit easily into the pocket of a lab coat. Most are durable and weigh the same as a conventional acoustic stethoscope. The electronic stethoscope is battery powered and easy to use. This electronic stethoscope can be used for detecting noise in machine components, such as gears, valves, vents and pumps.

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The person responsible for the maintenance gets the possibility to recognise sources of error before a machine or installation failure can occur, due to the excellent noise and vibration monitoring of the electronic stethoscope. The enclosure of the stethoscope is made of ABS plastic which is comfortable to hold and operate. The device uses a piezoelectric transducer which can detect very low resonant noises Other features include LCD and patient heart rate displays.

Block Diagram of electronic stethoscope

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TI's TMS320C5515 DSP Evaluation Module together with TI's digital stethoscope analog front-end module make up the new C5505 DS Medical Development Kit (MDK) provides developers access to a development tool set that offers a complete signal chain solution along with software to save months of development time and for portable patient monitoring applications that demand battery efficiency. The main elements of a Digital Stethoscope are the sensor unit that captures the heart and lung sounds (also known as auscultations), digitization, and digital processing of the auscultations for noise reduction, filtering and amplification. Algorithms for heart rate detection and heart defect detection may also be included. Power and Battery Management are key in this ultra-portable diagnostic tool, where key design considerations are ultra-low power consumption and high efficiency driven by the need for extended battery life, and high precision with a fast response time allowing quick determination of the patient's health status. Additional requirements may drive the need for recording the auscultations, cabled or wireless interfaces for transmission of the auscultations. Also, to enable ease of use, features like touch screen control and display backlighting are key to usability of the device. Adding all these features without significantly increasing power consumption is a huge challenge. Texas Instruments portfolio of Processors, Instrumentation and Buffer Amplifiers, Power and Battery Management, Audio Codecs, and both wired and wireless interface devices provides the ideal tool box for Digital Stethoscope applications. The common core subsystems of a Digital Stethoscope are:

Analog Front-End/Sensor Interface and Codec

Auscultations signal input is amplified and then digitized by the Audio Codec. Auscultations signal after being digitized and subjected to signal processing, is converted to analog and sent to the stethoscope earpiece.

Low Power Processor

Processors capable of executing all of the digital stethoscopes signal processing including key functions such as noise reduction, algorithms for heart rate detection, and heart defect detection while maintaining a very low constant Embedded Systems

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current draw from the battery are good fit. The ability to control interfacing with memory and peripheral devices is also helpful. Given the nature of the device, processors that can manage the digital display and keyed functions allowing auscultation waveforms to be displayed and manipulated without additional components are ideal.

Data Storage and Transmission

The auscultations can be recorded on MMC/SD card, or on a USB device. It can also be transmitted via wireless capability such as Bluetooth.

Advantages of electronic stethoscope

Electronic stethoscopes offer several advantages over conventional stethoscopes. The primary benefit of these stethoscopes is that you can hear heart and lung sounds more easily without amplifying other sounds. The stethoscopes are designed to allow for volume control of the sounds you need to hear while minimizing other background noise, making the devices more effective. Even subtle changes in breath sounds can be picked up and magnified so that you can hear them. These stethoscopes aid health-care professionals in hearing heart murmurs that are difficult to detect with conventional stethoscopes. Electronic stethoscopes also allow the user to distinguish between body sounds of high and low frequency. Some models of the stethoscope record and play back heart and lung sounds. You have the option of slowing down the recorded sounds to listen again. Most electronic stethoscopes now have wireless capabilities, which allow data to be transferred to a computer or handheld device for storage and retrieval at a later time.

Disadvantages of electronic stethoscope

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Electronic stethoscopes are battery-powered, which can be inconvenient for diagnosticpurposes if the batteries go dead while you are examining a patient. However, most models include battery monitoring with an indicator when power is low, as well as extended battery life. Many stethoscopes have additional features, which allow you to conserve battery life.You also cannot fit an alternate type of diaphragm on an electronic stethoscope, as most come equipped with a fixed diaphragm. But since sound is picked up at the center of the diaphragm, one size can be used for both children and adults. Some models of electronic stethoscopes do include both an adult and pediatric diaphragm. Another possible disadvantage is that if you carry a mobile device like a cell phone in your pocket, you may pick up some faint static while you are listening to your patient's heart.

Latest technology used in electronic stethoscope

Electronic Stethoscope Model 4100, the next generation electronic stethoscope that offers the very latest in advanced auscultation technology and now features ambient noise reduction technology (patent pending) that reduces up to 75% of distracting room noise. This powerful, state-of-the-art electronic stethoscope provides superior acoustics. With amplification up to 18 times greater than the best conventional stethoscopes, the Model 4100 is specially designed to pick up difficult-to-hear heart and other body sounds without amplifying sounds you dont want to hear. Three frequency modes are available for optimal heart and lung auscultation: Bell, Diaphragm and Extended Range. The Model 4100 offers recording, storage and playback capabilities using six separate soundtracks. Instant playback is available at normal and half speed. Additionally, the Model 4100 provides infrared data transmission of recorded sounds to another Model 4100, an IBM-compatible PC, Pocket PC, or Palm Pilot, giving you the option of sharing or storing the sounds. The stethoscopewillrecordaudiofrompatientsbodyandstoreitasanaudiofile Audiofilescanbestoredforapatientsfile,can be used for education purposes,can be mailed to a colleague for a secondopinion,or can be listened to the

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stethoscope at al atertime The stethoscope will connect to a computer with USB for easy transfer of audio files High quality headphones will connect to the housing of the stethoscope with a standard headphone jack Three listening modes will be available: heart,lung,and extended. The target price for the stethoscope is approximately $200. Thank you.

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