WIRELESS COMMUNICATION IN 5G TECHNOLOGIES

S. Benisha#1, A.Lubin lincy greencelin#2, C.Divya#3 N.Krishnan#4 B.Tech(II) #1, B.Tech(II)#2,Assistant professor,#3,Prof. & Head#4 #1,2,3,4 Centre for Information Technology and Engineering Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,Tirunelveli
#1

benisha.2010@rediffmail.com,#2lincy_it@rediffmail.com, #3divyame@gmail.com

ABSTRACT - Recently with the development of Pico nets and Blue tooth technology data sharing has become a child's play. Earlier with the infrared feature you can share data within a line of sight that means the two devices has to be aligned properly to transfer data, but in case of blue tooth you can transfer data even when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a range of 50 meters. 5G wireless mobile communication is expected to include a large number of advanced technologies in order to further increase bandwidth, Quality of Service (QoS), improve usability and security, decrease delays and cost of service. Software Defined Radio (SDR) will be the platform for advanced terminals. I. INTRODUCTION 5G technology is on its way to change the way by which most of the users access their handsets. Users will go through a level of call volume and data transmission with 5G pushed over a VOIP enables gadget. In such a small electronic piece huge features are getting embedded. With 5G technology you can hook you mobile phone to your laptop for broadband internet access. The characteristics especially video player, camera, mp3 recorder, messengers, photo treatment and games have made todays mobile phone a handheld computer. The developed world is already utilizing 4G and it is beyond imagination that what will be engulfed in 5G as everything is already embedded such as smallest mobile phones, speed dialing, largest memory, audio and video player, Microsoft office, etc. Pico net and Bluetooth technology has made data sharing a childs play.This 5G technology and its predecessors are going to give tough competition to laptops and normal computers whose market will be affected. The market is still not easy to grab with mobile phone currently equip with gigabytes of storage and latest operating systems. The telecommunication sector is going on blooming and its bloom is expected to stay for a very long time. II. EVOLUTION FROM 0G - 5G NETWORKS Cell phones are used millions and billions of users worldwide. 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G & 4G ("G" stands for "Generation") are the generations of wireless telecom connectivity OG WIRELESS SYSTEM: 0G is the Mobile radio transmitter used for two way communication. 0G refers to precell phone mobile telephony. Being the predecessors of the first generation of cellular telephones, these systems are called 0G (zero generation) systems. Usually vehicle mounted, they had the transceivers mounted in the vehicle trunk and dials & display mounted near the driver seat. Technologies used in 0G systems included PTT (Push to Talk), MTS (Mobile Telephone System), IMTS

(Improved Mobile Telephone Service), and AMTS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System). 1G WIRELESS SYSTEM 1G refers to the first generation of wireless tele communication technology, more popularly known as cell phones. In 1G, Narrow band analogu e wireless network is used; with this we can have the voice calls. These services are provided with circuit switching. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA). Different 1G standards prevalent were AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in the United States, TACS (Total Access Communications System) in the United Kingdom, NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic countries, Eastern Europe and Russia, etc. 2G WIRELESS SYSTEM 2G- first appeared around late 1980s; 2G system digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. It provided the facility of short message service (SMS) unlike 1G that had its prime focus on verbal communication. Depending on the type of multiplexing used 2G technologies can be divided into Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). 2G system offered better quality and much more capacity. 2G cellphone units were generally smaller than 1G units, since they emitted less radio power. Based on TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is the first European standard & the first commercial network for use by the public for 2nd generation mobile (2G) telephony. A typical 2G G.S.M network service uses 800/900MHz or 1800/1900 frequency spectrum. Typical average data rate of GSM is 9.6 kbps. 2G CDMA (IS-95A) uses BPSK and offers data rate upto 14.4 kbps. The bandwidth of 2G is 30-200 KHz. 2.5G GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) - 2.5G, which stands for "second and a half generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G. The term "second and a half generation" is used to describe 2G-systems that have impleme nted a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit switched domain. 2.5G is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G" which are officially defined standards

based on those defined by the International Telecommunication (ITU). GPRS (CS1 to CS4) uses GMSK modulation with symbol rate (& modulation rate) of 270 ksym/s. Typical data rate of GPRS is ~115 kbps. It can be used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and for accessing internet. 2.75 EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) EDGE (EGPRS) is an abbreviation for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, is a digital mobile phone technology, invented by AT&T. EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM & works in GSM networks. EDGE is add-on to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided the carrier implements the necessary upgrades. It allows the clear and fast transmission of data. One need not install any additional hardware and software in order to make use of EDGE Technology. Also, there are no additional charges for utilizing this technology. Uses 9 Modulation coding schemes (MCS1-9). MCS (1-4) uses GMSK, while MCS (5-9) uses 8PSK modulation. 8PSK Increases throughput by 3x (8-PSK 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol). Modulation bit rate is 810 kbps. It offers data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps. 3G WIRELESS SYSTEM 3G - G systems promise faster communications services, entailing voice, and fax and Internet data transfer capabilities. The aim of 3G is to provide these services anytime, anywhere throughout the globe, with seamless roaming between standards. ITUs IMT-2000 is a, global standard for 3G. 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which have evolved to incorporate highspeed internet access and video telephony. It offers large capacity and broadband capabilities. It has greater network capacity through improved spectrum efficiency. 3G technology supports around 144 Kbps, with high speed movement, i.e. in a vehicle, 384 Kbps locally, and up to 2Mbps for fixed stations, i.e. in a building. 3G technology uses CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. The data are sent through Packet Switching. Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit Switching. It is a highly sophisticated form of communication that has come up in the last decade. 3G has the following enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks Enhanced audio and video streaming;Several Times higher data speed;Video-conferencing support;Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds;IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.Global Roaming. There are many 3G technologies as W-CDMA, CDMA2000. UMTS, DECT, WiMAX. High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is a mobile telephony protocol, also called 3.5G. It is an enhanced version and the next intermediate generation of 3G UMTS allowing for higher data transfer speeds. HSDPA is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8-10 Mbps (and 20

Mbps for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink. This high data rate is enabled by use of adaptive modulation can coding (AMC), hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ), and fast packet scheduling at the access point 3.75G Hsupa (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is a UMTS /WCDMA uplink evolution technology. The HSUPA mobile telecommunications technology is directly related to HSDPA and the two are complimentary to one another. HSUPA will enhance advanced person-to-person data applications with higher and symmetric data rates, like mobile e-mail and real-time person- to person gaming. A descendant to 2G and 3G aiming to provide the very high data transfer rates. This technology can provide very speedy wireless internet access to not only stationary users but also to the mobile users. This technology is expected to trounce the deficiencies of 3G technology in terms of speed and quality. 4G can be best described in one word MAGIC, which stands for Mobile multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global mobility support, integrated wireless and personalized services 4G WIRELESS SYSTEM MAGIC of 4G Technology - So far there has been no specific definition to this successor of 2G and 3G. However it has been used often to denote a fast internet access available to mobile phone users. 3G utilized WiMax and WiFi as separate wireless technologies, whereas 4G is expected to coalesce these two technologies. Hence one can evaluate how efficient it would become when combining two extremely reliable technologies. 4G can greatly anticipate in evolving and advancing the pervasive computing. The aim of pervasive computing is to attach itself to every living space possible, so that human beings remain intact with the wireless technology intentionally and unintentionally. Therefore 4G is be able to connect various high speed networks together, which would enable each one of us to carry digital devices even in dispersed locations. The network operators worldwide would be able to deploy wireless mesh networks and make use of cognitive radio technology for widespread coverage and access. 4G Technologies 4G is a multi purpose and versatile technology hence it can utilize almost all of the packet switched technologies. It can use both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). OFDM mechanism splits a digital signal into different narrowband and frequencies. The reason why 4G makes use of this technology lies in its ability to minimize the intervention among symbols and channels associated to data streaming.4G is also capable of using multiple input / multiple output technology (MIMO).this antenna technology is used to optimize the data speed and reduce the errors in the networks. Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS) which

is basically a broadband 3G technology is also a part of 4G. This broadband technology transfers data in the form of frames or packets. Hence it is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other types of multimedia datagram with the speed of 2Mb. UMTS is part of 4G because it can enables 4G to make use of international mobile phone roaming via using GSM (Global system for Mobile Communications).another wireless telecommunication technology known as time division synchronous code division multiple access (TDSCDMA) provides support to 4G to transfer both circuit switched data like video and voice and packet switched data. 4Gs New Horizon of Opportunities The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are: 1. Mobile TV a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched. 2. Video on demand a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone. 3. Video conferencing subscribers can see as well as talk to each other. 4. Tele-medicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber. 5. Location-based services a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends 6. mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multicarrier transmission. 7. Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) 5G WIRELESS SYSTEM 5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G mobile technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G mobile technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future. The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new cell phones is stunning. 5G technology which is on hand held phone offering more power and features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user can also hook their 5G technology cell phone with their Laptop to get broadband internet access. 5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory, dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine. For children rocking fun Bluetooth technology and Piconets has become in market. Offers of 5G Technologies - 5G technology going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market. Through 5G technology now you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike the china mobile market and a user being proficient to get access to Germany phone as a local phone. With the coming out of cell phone alike to PDA now your whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system. 5G

technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G technology takes over the world market. 5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy. The Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with union of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend of 5G technology has a glowing future. III. FEATURES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping. The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and effective. 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action and high quality services using 5g based on Policy to avoid error. 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost 65,000 connections. 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency, the traffic statistics is more accurate. Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast solution. The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed and also support virtual private network. The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak.The 5G technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the world A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. There are lots of improvements from 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G to 5G in the world of telecommunications. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies. IV. 5G MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Below figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture for 5G mobile systems, which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability. The system consists of a user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new architecture) and a number of independent, autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio access technologies is seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world. However, there should be different radio interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture Application connections are realized between clients and servers in the Internet via sockets. Internet sockets are endpoints for data

communication flows. Each socket of the web is a unified and unique combination of local IP address and appropriate local transport communications port, target IP address and target appropriate communication port, and type of transport protocol. Considering that, the establishment of communication from end to end between the client and server using the Internet protocol is necessary to raise the appropriate Internet socket uniquely determined by the application of the client and the server. This means that in case of interoperability between heterogeneous networks and for the vertical handover between the respective radio technologies, the local IP address and destination IP address should be fixed and unchanged. Fixing of these two parameters should ensure handover transparency to the Internet connection end-to-end, when there is a mobile user at least on one end of such connection. In order to preserve the proper layout of the packets and to reduce or prevent packets losses, routing to the target destination and vice versa should be uniquely and using the same path. Each radio access technology that is available to the user in achieving connectivity with the relevant radio access is presented with appropriate IP interface. Each IP interface in the terminal is characterized by its IP address and netmask and parameters associated with the routing of IP packets across the network. In regular inter-system handover the change of access technology (i.e., vertical handover) would mean changing the local IP address. Then, change of any of the parameters of the socket means and change of the socket, that is, closing the socket and opening a new one. This means, ending the connection and starting e new one. This approach is not-flexible, and it is based on todays Internet communication. In order to solve this deficiency we propose a new level that will take care of the abstraction levels of network access technologies to higher layers of the protocol stack. This layer is crucial in the new architecture. To enable the functions of the applied transparency and control or direct routing of packets through the most appropriate radio access technology, in the proposed architecture we introduce a control system in the functional architecture of the networks, which works in complete coordination with the user terminal and provides a network abstraction functions and routing of packets based on defined policies. At the same time this control system is an essential element through which it can determine the quality of service for each transmission technology. He is on the Internet side of the proposed architecture, and as such represents an ideal system to test the qualitative characteristics of the access technologies, as well as to obtain a realistic picture regarding the quality that can be expected from applications of the user towards a given server in Internet (or peer). Protocol setup of the new levels within the existing protocol stack, which form the proposed architecture, is presented in Figure (Protocol Layout for the Elements of the Proposed Architecture). The network abstraction level would be provided by creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). In fact, the tunnels would be established between the user terminal and control system named here as Policy Router, which performs routing based on given policies. In this way the client side will create an appropriate number of tunnels connected to the number of radio access technologies, and the client will only set a local IP address which will be formed with sockets Internet communication of client applications with Internet servers. The way IP packets are routed through tunnels, or choosing the right tunnel, would be served by policies whose rules will be exchanged via the virtual network layer protocol. This way we achieve the required abstraction

of the network to the client applications at the mobile terminal. The process of establishing a tunnel to the Policy Router, for routing based on the policies, are carried out immediately after the establishment of IP connectivity across the radio access technology, and it is initiated from the mobile terminal Virtual Network-level Protocol. Establishing tunnel connections as well as maintaining them represents basic functionality of the virtual network level (or network level of abstraction).

CONCLUSION A new revolution of 5G technology is going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies. This technology helps to promotes stronger links between people working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile communication , internet services , cloud computing , all pie network , and nanotechnology . V. Reference: http://www.techknots.com/mobiles/what-is-0g1g-2g-3g-4g/3/ http://kevin-peter.hubpages.com/hub/3G-and-4G-MobileServices