I

Subsequent declaring stateoI to a energenq or disaster, the governor if delermines lederal that assistancenec, is essaryto supplenentthe eflorts and ai'ailable resources the state, goir ol the ernorma\r request thepresident thaL of t \ e I n rc d . a r e . l r l r r r a r , r l o d r . , : . r \\then an etrrergenc)' disaster or ter' or "energencr' Lhe for affected area occurs, local agencies t,vpicall,v are the underthe prolislons the Robert of T. lirst LorespondThese agencies initialh, Stafford Disaster Re]ief Emergeno' and :rr.ass situation, the determine scope its Assistance Sucha request made Act. is .rnc1 nagnitude,and determlne addiif through Lhe FederalEmergencv \4antiLxal assistance required. is Generallr,, rg rc t\g,n,. l\'\ ..gro;1 .e. J ftsponse handled thelocallelel to rs at tor and is basecl a summarl,ol on the ihe lullestextenrpossibLe. local Ihe drnage rssessment submitted data to ernergenc\J management coordinator | \ l D L ' l . . l . .r . d . ' l . l u r - - . r o t . . monitorsrhe sitr:ation and notifiesthe ancl oh'ed inr state agencies. EUD districtcoordinator. Together. ther If iheeorernor - - . - . h , n " l e . : , o o Pa J r a g , . d recluests a presidential .leclariltionlolnrlideralandsrate a pre ol thesitr:arion, cletermine neeo and the limrnarrclrmage (PDAIrs assessrnenl lor resoutces. . r.. LJ . l r r ' , . f r h . . i L. . ' . r o n lf the situatjon escalates thepornr ro nlrrantsfedrrll nterlention andassLs \ herecoordination among ser,eral agen, Lant. Tht'PDA conducted damage is by ciesis required, local emergencl rhe assessmant comprisecl oneor tetms of management coordinator decicle may to rnore federrl represenrariles FE\1A, h.om activare local the Emergencv Operahons one or lrore represental['es the trom (EOC) Center andnotifvkeypersonneL E\lD or rnrrthrr strtte agenc1,, a local and to report thereto tnanage incident the representriile. Tealns dispatchecl lre to andcoor.dinate acintles. local The enrer- theincidant sa1te sr,trlev damage i(r the genqr mar.ragement coordinator rec ma). andconfir'm inLrial the rssessment daia ommendthat the chiefexecutii'e the ol submrtLerl the E\1D.Basecl the tr on county or municlpality declare local a resnlts fi.irm PDA. rhe FE\IAis ablero "state en]ergenc)'." ol u hether conclucle sufficient cLrn'iage and Ii theincident deemed thechiel 1s by t l.. ll:-o.-rtr..l i'..lpp.r !prp. execulive bebe)'ond controlof the to rhe dentiel declararion. FEI1A The regional jurisdiction, he/she ma)irequesr rhe director rhar nakes recomrrendation I to the e g o ' c- o r J e . l a r,e . . a r o l e m a - g,.) r FEI'1A direcLor \\ ashington, u'ho in D.C., o " - a e o l d . . " - r o r .I r i - r . q - e , r r s n lUt I t( ,tnre,d- ., .Or L C d-tlon madethroughthe EMD disrricrcoorclr- to thepresidnt. natorand fbrlr,arded rhe EN4D to olfice Underthe Srafford rhepresidenL Acr in Lansing, which nodiiesthe governor \r I - , o o 0 1 - \ \ t . r . r : , . ! r . ' t n< t of the nature, scope and nagnitude of request a declarationsubmifted: lor is lhe situation. ( 1) Il thepresidenr norfincL does suffiBefore stateassistance authorized. is > continued

The Michigan Emergency Management System Key to responding an emrgenqr to eYent understanding is hon the emergencymanagement s1'stem rvorks.The llichigan En.rergencv Managemenr Acl (Public 390of 1976, amencled) Act as is the basicstateemergencv managemert enabling legisladon. act prescribes This the po$'ers and duiiesof the gor.ernor andcertain state andlocalagencles ancl officials,related ro preparing for, - 1 . ; o n d gr o r p . o \ L n n b r r d m r r r n Io gatrngdrsasters and emergencies. IL esLablishes organizational the fiamel'ork for the emergency nanagement s)'sten] used Michigan. in

thejurisdiction musthave usedall of its appropriate disaster reliefforces, includ ing localcontractors, activation mutuof al aid,anduseof regional other or near by resources. Stateassistance onlr is used to supplement local effortsancl resources help relier,e to extraordinarl' burden caused threarsto public bv healthandsafety, propertv. is not and lt used for simplebudgetarl, reliel or to relieve hardship.

Elements of Effective Emergency Management

Policyand LeadershiSPolr.y pror,rdes both a loundatron a frame and , r o l l e , , ' o n l h e , h a n , eo l . l c . . L , e 1 ym o n . r g ' r a n e l Y t1 1| r e c rr i n c r e a >'e d f . r. ' n r r . r . r d . * l l n hazard taLLoreci conclirions plan tr,ihe a n d r e ' o u r .-. , , L l. n l . r J . l l t , L e a l e r . h r p , c ; . j s . 1 l .i ., . n - r r , l f e , r . ri e p , m c n r - L ' . ' rp l . r ' r . r . ' n o maintenance of prepatedness The IncidentResponse Team-An l r . i d e - rR , . l - , f . . . . , F c h i g h lc l l , . . . ! , - , ' r r . . ' y . J e a l r n'Bt l r ' . J ) , ' . 1 . . ( - . . .I " l O d n (r n . p c r i i llc 1 L 1 C ,r , l , n . l lc ' i d u a . r i c - . o t rt . n l l \ a l o * . l r r Well-functioning teams .luriscliciional. p | o r n da n e t u o r k h , r c a - ' u p p o r c r $'henel'er action crises arise. The Community Emergency ManagementPlan-A comn]uniq' that is prepared be/irre crisisoccurs be a u'ill muchmorelikelr,to dealwith conse, quenceselfectivelv. unprepared An communiqr asking chaos. is for C o m m u n i c a t i o n s - W;h ern ,d e r . n n . occurs,elfectir,e communicaiion is e,.e^tial-r^ i \i he re,pon-ngagcncies, with thecommuniq' 1arge, at and r v i t h l e m c da . t f f e c t i rc o n n u n i . a t e I o n c e n p c e J h er e : L o r o r io l n q u . t oe libriurq poor communication can makea badsituation muchu,orse. Training.Exercising and Maintenance-Preparadon and response lor ' o e ne r g e r L t s o n r e l y p e o p l cr n d c r . . t a n d i np o h c r e : ; np r o e d u r ers u g d L n c r . p p o . el J k n o n i r u h a Lt n e ) g o "re J o .l l r e s e ' ca c h r e Jr l -o u g n r an a c r \l . g r n g a n d e x e r c r s e sa l n t d l n i - p k paredncs. ar ong.-'ing 1s pro\es5 r.rl r i n v o h : d e b r i e l i nfg l l o i r i n c r i , e , e o g p e - r o d i r e r i e r r r d u p J an g a n d c a r ongoing training. I

M r c H r c A N o w N S H t p E W S. S E P T E M B E B o 3 T N 2o

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continuedfrcm page ll

rctirrt:.agenentare part o[ everl'da,r' Risk for mosl organizations. assessmt:-:a r e c ! , n Jl c l c d , o . s L . ' r , i l ' o \ \ . dalnage.irlury or some measur.tl'.. . J \ . . . r l r r J n . l b e c r p e . r c J. . a assistin judging u,hether the cr,r.. qriencesare great enough to rr'tL'.lllr sonc o . ol n t gaton ir'\L.L. ' - ' r d f , g e c n l .- . r J r t ) n - o n - c . n r process. of r Theothercomponent that objectir . minimizrng the effectsof an emergeni This conponent is the one that \\e .l:. n;rl: to-consequence nore accuslomed in We agen]enl. haveexperience manaeur: oI thr:' consequences incidents,rl'he cient damagelo $,arranlsuch a dclaratjon, he mal deny th request solne disaster ouiright. In lhos cases, ma,v strll be obtainecl h.om assistance specific federal agenciesand volunleer orgamzatlons. . lr thn., .i :'r".rr-,tnrl, t' '.r " of--. . ran.c a' a.lal'l.ir iL\ . n ngc "1ot 1s disasterdeclaratron not required, the president may declare that an "emro^n.v .!r<f<,",1 r h o , , . h r n r o ' r d e . sp e ..

Risk Understanding planntng tntro Energency response

ducesl$,o rmporlanl lrms to the ernelp,t c n ! ) n J r d 8 e1 e - r I c ] J r L l ' m . r r , . mer]r and aonsequencemana!:enlenL Risk is rvideLyrecognizedas precisely u,hat it lnpLies-a possibllitv.\\tithin the il conlext of risk analysis, reters to lhe possibilirl,of injury, harn, or other a J r c r , - a n d u n r r o r c J e f f o , t . l h e - ei nothing new about risk assessment. Hisrorianstell us that the Babylonians ' n 1 1 0 0 , r . o , : p e , . J l- r c 1 p . n e l q e B
\'_o . \.r, J. rn_\J llj .Ofrtln8

cheniical spi11s cl fron tornadoes, lires. Horver,er, \\rorld Tr;rdr the Centerincidenthas demonslratc.i project a thaL can this become massive l.' horv \\reneed askourseh'es capable to a are to respond and manage caLit to rr er,ent. Eventhoughwe har,e str.ophic F . . . . J J r b r l l , r V . 1 ' , g " r| ' r ' g r ) !oo, o[ an ourseh'es honestassessment thlt ouf capabiliq', is a needto improve there capabilities. consequnc managenent thi-. So,r'hat is belngdoneto address managenerlt needl Soon, emergency all in programs be askd parlicipate a will lo homeiand securily assessment stateu'ide is The purposeol thts asscssment to . (d a . . s , ,1 l' c . ] 1 r t n .t u o . l , l , c - p r L|l . incidenb aL andneeds related terrorism to Thrsassessnent end the state localler,el. u.iil be cridcalto the updatingof thr strateg)' in a1'rd state honelandsecurity s at local definrng areas be addressedLhe to lelel.

r ' . r 1 1 -,n l , . 1 . 1 - .fe o n [ c J e r ;-lg ,n c r e , r ., needthrt the federal to meeta specific government uniquel)ableto provide. ls i a L x r n p l e -o l i ' r t e r g c r ! \ . ' t . t a n . en c l u J , , , n ' p oa r y h o u q g : m , r ) . r , r r e : inter in debrls remor,alr,hen thepublic repairs keepessenlial lo est;emergency technical assistance facilities operating; with essential services; ancl communiq, measures pubLic health andsafety (3) In thosesituations u,herea full
a r n o e o 2 . . r . 1 . . r . e . r c . r ll I e J n - ' ' l ( ! .

adnce on rlskl', uncertaln or drlficult rn decisions lile. Toda1,, 1i5[ assessment and risk man'

ma), uranydifferent needs, president the exists, declarethat a "najor disaster" u'hichmakes avallable variet)of federa programs jurisdiclions io al assistance within the designated disaster area. Three ol are basictypes asslstance avatldisaster decla' ableundera presidentLal ratton: . individual assistance; . publicassistance; and
r 1..'.-l -inn:tinr :cc,ctenra

Executive

TheEMDadministers ihese assistance programson behalf of the state and FEMA.

12 . 2oo3 vrcnrcerutowt',tsHlp NEWS SEPTEMBEB

co\rB srcWY
What Can Local GovernmentDo to Better Prcpare? N'fuchof the successof fuiure response efforts depend u,ill uponestab lishing close ri'orking relaLionshLps amongthe ke,r' playersar r,arious gor. ernment ler,els. tecluires to integrate lt us federal, andlocal state governrnent a into . o 1 ...t . ' e r r r 8 c r ' r c - 0 , , n . . ! | L J tion-\\,hjch Lrltimately is anchorcd Lhe at local level. Har,ing emergencv an n.ianagemenl plan drat adclresses hazards, cur all is rentandhasbcentested essendal is to beingprepared. Conrplacenc),, of, out dateplansand nor exercising plan the regularll'can to an uncoordinrted lead fesponse. Localall hazardeu.tergncy response planspror.ide [oundation preparing a for conprehensir.e compatiltle ancL response plansthatmaximize strteandlocalterronsrn preventton response and capabilities Key in der,eioprng plar.isrs rhe being adaptable enoLLghdeal ro u,irhter rorisiaftacks, natterhoivunllkely no or cataslrophic,$,ell all types natuas as of ral dlsasters oLher and hazards. can This be attained the planning tn process bv ' 1. u g - - 8 \ c l e . t o I l . o - . rttacks occur that locallr.. pLans Once are der,eloped,is irnportant promote it to integrated collective and lraining. exer cises evaluations. process and And, nat, ters specific neasures perlormance of in plansdrir,e clariL1,, accountabilitl, ancl
SUCCESS.

mal<es them an excellent resource Lrrr pror,icLing rccuraLe infornationandpre, Yentins spread runors. the of \\iith terrorisnthe infliction ps,v of . l - ' o p . ' . 1p r r ' .rr . r r J t c . r
\l n. rll ,1..,r

lnforming the Public Sound rhoLrghtiul ancl public inforna tioncanassist public officials pre\'enr, in ing panlc unu'anted and public respons es lo serLotls crlses suchas e Lrfost auack. Addirional\', effectne if pubrrc inlormation pronded. lostcrs is it tl.re lrustanclconfLdence ere\.it.tl a ihat ill crisis situation lf an incidenL occurs 1'our in coullu nil)',a criticaL is Loler rhe public step knou',,r,hat being is clone ltrorecL to them
and restore Lhe com]llunitV Ensure that all ror. ernrnenl e]nplo\. ees are briefecl and kcpt up-ro date on disasler lnd recoverl ef 1orts.The publlc inst]11cLi\,eL\, trusts

Therelore, mergenq planners should rnclucle planning u'illnininizepsythrt cliological sufliringfor borhr.icrims ancl responders Nlenral healLh support and ps1'chological operarions be equall,v can mportant thr elrergencY to response as (lr an) othef preparccLness response acllvitI. Michigan's Energency lWa nagentent Assista pact nce Com Lrnderstand uhat mLrtual agree ard ments canand cirnnot proridcLolour cLrmmuntt)r dulng an emergencv re, sponse. \lake surethatthe ilgreements har,e been LesLed thaL participanrs and all unclerstand ihe incident hori tnanagenent sLructure operrte. nill A1so, uncler ri'hatFE\'{rls stancl polio'is regaldrng rcimbursement mutualiid agrecand , r' .'\. c J r . l J . ri . 1 , declared. Overthepastni'oyears, N,ISP h:s EirJD worhing becn to\\'ard implemenLatrorl ol a slatewicLc emergenc) assistilnce aom, prct lor all localgolernmenL iLui-rclrc tionsand publicsafetl,agencies nirhin . \ l ' l - y r r ' \ \ l l . I c r r i l t, r . t r l .r. 'nL'.1 , r- L rt. ' .,....,l .. -l t)' slratcg)J, N'fichigan the Encrqenc! -\,ianlget'nent Assistance Llorrprrcl could olfer a mucl.r br,.rcler il\4El\,lAC)

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.te tcf o-t.r.

Emergency Operations Plans

governmentthefirstresponder emergencies Local is to and disaslers. critical A element anylocal government's of emer gency preparedness emergency ts an plan operations (E0p). An EOP assigns responsibilrtyorganizations carryout to to specific duties projecled at limesandplaces during emeran gency thatexceeds resource the capabilitiesanyparticular LnI0LllllLlot-l IIollt of enrity. EOP An should: Lrificirls-l hethcr . Setforthlines authority organizational o{ and relalionships \\orli . Showhowallactions be coordinaled will . Describe people property be protected how and will during an emergency dtsaster or . ldenti{y personnel. equipment, faciljties, supplies other and jurisdiction byagreement available resources within or with otherjurisdictions use duringresponse recovery for and activities . ldentifysteps to addressmitigationconcernsduring response recovery and aclivities . Citeits legal basis . Stateits objectives . Acknowledge assumptions its

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tv cHtcaN TowNsHtp Nrws . stptttvteen zoog 13

continued from page 13

all not enough accomplish the task: to even ore ri:: m d r e q u r - eT h t rt ' n a d e o. that consffaints st!ri.' cult by the budger are and local governments no\\'lacin! for :r fundingis criticaL buildurg Federal stern. narionalhomelandsecurily sy and preparedness respot.ts.' emergenqi capability. has government prorLdec The federal with stateand localgovernments funoeffor homeland security ts. ing to address admini.stering ser is Michigan currently eral federalhomelandsecuritygrants. gor haveallowed stateandloca1 r.vhich lo to equipment pfo ernments purchase tect and prepareour first responand applications range potentiaL of in with the "alL-hazbenefits Line to ards" approach emergency management. jurisdicdonin isolatior No single could possiblyafford to maintain O I resoufces for musterall the necessary response a majornaturalor to effective t e c h n o l o g r . a - d ' s ao t e - . , 1t e r r o r i . l . r to chemical,biological, artack involving ' r a c i o l o g i c a ln u . l e a r o r e x o ' o ser . A of weapons massdestructLon. statewouldfacilitate compact wideassistance personnel, the freeflorvof publicsafeq' equipmenl and other vital resources jurisdictional for boundaries comacross otherduringemermunities helpeach to gencies disasters. and from we One lesson haveall learned I S e p t e m b e tI r s t l " a t a n ) e f l e c\te or response terrorism anylarge-scale to requiresteamivorkamong emergency 'ocal. a . o u r r y , r a l e r d l e d e r ,,rl lg e " ( . e < . . to Themorecommunities agree par' that we ticipaie, moreprepared u'ill be to the that respondto the chalLenges could impact us. Forging Partnerships ive with disasters, can When dealing rrrnmnli<h m n r p r n o p r h e r e c c o r ouP Disasters permecan " thanasindii'iduals. No ateevery corner our communities. of s r r d r r d u a lb t s r - e . .o r o r g ; n i z a l o 'n i . For commuleft untouched. this reason, to nitiesneedto work together become prepared. better o e P a r t n e r , h rb r r g a , . m p r e h e n , ' i p,
14
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kr sonnel and conduct exercises of testthe adequacy plans.

BuildingEffective Homeland Security

l T h e \ a t r o n aS t " a L e1 6 1o m b a t t n g gy r a desi.red details veryspecific management Terrorism to emergency approach and exemplify outcomefor terrorismprevention Thesepartnerships goa1s. how local govern' mentcancoordinate ivith other levelsof indusgovernment, nonprofitorga tries, nizations and interestgroupsto inform more peopLe mitigaaboutdisaster MARKERS& PLAQUES retion,preparedness sponse recovery. and (Military & Fireman) FlagHolders

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While it is eximporlanllo tremely moi'e forward and better preparestate and local governments to deal with it disasters, aLso becomesan issue regarding how these effortswiil be funded. Manycommuni' tiesfund emergency managementprograms oltenit is but

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. zoo3 TowNSHrp NEWS SEPTEMBER MtcHlcAN

:r.paredness. The scopeand capabilities global terrorist o[ ..rganizations reduced are when theybecome localized, unorand ;.rni.ed,unsponsored, rareenough that theycanbe dealL .i rih primarily criminaL enforcement. by Lal ll is important notethatthe national to sffategy doesnot sa)' :re elimrnaiion" ofterrorism. cannot We guarantee citizens our ir.rt it \!i11 never happen herein Michigan. Whatwe canassure ihemof is thatwe havebuilt rhebesthomeland securiry inlra:iructurelhatwe areall capable producing. of ln order to achieve this, thereare criticalfactorsthat riill Jetermine success: our . in\,olvenent stakeholders, of . building partnerships; . . l r l e g c o l a r n r n g - f u r tr c lr n e m e n \ l . \ i g a n h o n c ne o llnd securii)' strategy the threatassessment and process necessarvro build thatstrategy; and . effective publlccommunication capabillties. Buildingan effectii.e home]and securitvcapabilirl, u-ill re quireu,ell-functioning relationships our partners. means ri-irh lt thatu'emustestablish effective mechanisns strengthen to the

abilityof agencies share to informarion build parrnerships and that yield resultsand help meet our homeland securiry 0Dlecllves. We mustsuccessfully integrate agencies activities a and into c o h o - n e - o u pt o d L h e v e h o s l n e - g il o r o r o r r d i n g e r L e g r b homeland security against terrorism. needto learnfromthe We e b e . L r a r r , - o f r l - e ri \d r e r d p u b l r.c ,r o - ' . o . e p , v l r t h e n a a n d 5 l ) ) u , c e sr< i d e o c r d a r g e io n u r . z . n g y . l r the right people, priorities, setting and buildingeffecrive part nerships r.vrth appropriate the public,prlvate nonprofit and sector entrtres. I Mark Wedey has been with Michigan StatePolice, Emergency Management Diision since 1988.He is currently acttng as a division coordinatorfor the Office of DomesticPreparedness 03' HomelandSecurityGrant FT and Terroism PlanningGrantefforts.He also senesas the diision's govemmenulandpublic affairsofficer.For more information, visit the state's home]andsecuiry Web site: www. chigan v/homelan mi go d.

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