Anatomy/Dissection Notes External Rat Features to Identify nose nostrils nictitating membrane- 3rd eyelid for extra protection

on pinnae- external ears anus tail Abdominal Cavity- the first one opened Organ liver Location Features Function produces bile *bile breaks down fat *mechanical digestion- rugae *chemical digestionacids and enzymes removes damaged/worn out red blood cells, destroys some bacteria and invasive substances produces enzymes used in the small intestine and alkaline fluid, which neutralizes stomach acid as it enters the small intestine 1) finish digestion that didnt happen in stomach (see Heintz notes) 2) absorb nutrients into bloodstream (villi) connects small and large intestines

directly inferior to rib layered, somewhat cage hard inferior to the liver, on the right side if you are looking at it directly inferior to the liver, on the right hand side if you are looking at it rugae- folds inside stomach

stomach

spleen

looks somewhat like liver, but much smaller

pancreas

near stomach

membrane-like

small intestine

inferior to stomach

very long, small diameter

cecum

connects small and large intestines

Organ large intestine

Location after cecum on digestive tract

Features nowhere near as long as small intestine, larger diameter, looks like the sausage thing because of fecal material looks like kidney bean triangular shaped

Function absorbs water

kidneys

very back of cavity, behind liver, stomach, intestines etc superior to kidney

removes waste from blood that is then excreted in urine produces hormones

adrenal gland

Thoracic Cavity- the second one opened Organ diaphragm Location very bottom of cavity Features thin membrane Function 1) separates thoracic and abdominal cavities 2) works lungs, aids in breathing windpipe

trachea

runs down back of cavity bilateral to the heart center of cavity

ridged *ridges hold it open squishy, shiny, smaller than liver

lungs heart

exchange of O2 and CO2

four chambers pumps blood 1) left ventriclethroughout the body largest chamber, does the most work, located in core of the heart 2) right ventricleother side of heart, not as muscular as left 3) atria (left and right)- flaplike things on the top of the heart, tell which is which by using ventricles

Rat Reproductive Organs

Female 1) Y-shaped uterus enables them to have litters, not just one/two kids

Male 1) penis located inside body for protection 2) testis- produces sperm 3) epidymis- stores sperm 4) vas deferens- transports sperm