Small Modular Reactors

Caroline Schlaseman Facilitator MPR Associates Inc.

HI-SMUR 140: A Safe, Secure, Economic Small Modular Reactor

Joy Russell Director, Corporate Business Development Holtec International

HI-SMUR at a Glance
a generation ahead by design

HISMUR Holtec Inherently Safe Modular Underground Reactor HI-SMUR 140

145 MWe
Reactor Well

Pressurizer

SMR, LLC Developer of HI-SMUR A subsidiary of Holtec International

Reactor Vessel

Cut-Away View of HI-SMUR

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Holtec International Overview

a generation ahead by design

100% U.S. owned company p y Americas largest exporter of capital nuclear equipment; all manufacturing carried out in the United States Customers on four continents: North America; South America; Europe; Asia Over 80% of U.S. nuclear plants have Holtec-engineered systems in use World leader in wet and dry storage of nuclear fuel Excellent credit rating no long-term rating, long term debt
. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 3

Corporate Technology Center located in Marlton, New Jersey, U.S.A.

Holtec International / SMR, LLC as SMR Developer

a generation ahead by design

Significant experience and capabilities essential to nuclear plant design Vertical Integration
Holtecs nuclear mission and vision are met by maintaining i h tb i t i i in-house:
> Design > Engineering > Fabrication > Critical Material Supply > Site Installation > Construction

This allows for:

> Integrated solutions for customers > Control over quality, delivery, and costs > Coupling of design and fabrication
. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Steam Generator Leaving Holtec Manufacturing Facility

HI-SMUR Design Drivers

a generation ahead by design

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Design Driver Highlights: Safe

a generation ahead by design

No reliance on off-site power or on-site power for safe reactor shutdown No emergency diesel generators are required Robust core design The reactor coolant is demineralized water Integrally connected reactor and steam generator Gravity-driven circulation of the reactor coolant Assurance of a large inventory of water around and over the reactor core No Penetrations in the Lower 120ft of Reactor Vessel to preclude LOCA

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Design Driver Highlights: Safe

Passive Emergency Core Cooling System
a generation ahead by design

Air Out Containment Building Natural Convection Cooling

Air Cooled Bundle (only half bundle shown) Primary Coolant In

Auxiliary Steam Generator Submersed Bundle

Steam Generator

Passive Air Natural Draft Heat Cooled Exchanger Condenser

Primary Coolant Out

Air Intake

Air Intake

Skirt

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Design Driver Highlights: Safe

Natural Circulation of Reactor Coolant
a generation ahead by design

ReactorVessel

HI-SMUR does not rely on any active components (Reactor Coolant pump) for circulating the reactor coolant through the g reactor vessel or the steam generators.

CoreBarrel

Downcomer Flow ReactorCore

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Design Driver Highlights: Safe

Integrally Connected Reactor and Steam Generator
a generation ahead by design

HP Steam Generator

Steam Generators are Integrally Connected to Reactor Vessel No interconnecting piping gpp g
LP Steam Generator LP Super heater

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

Design Driver Highlights: Secure

a generation ahead by design

Underground location of safety systems

Maximum protection from external natural events Maximum protection from malevolent human intervention Vital nuclear assets protected against impact from g missiles Minimum occupational and off-site dose consequences

All vital equipment and systems are protected by missile shield providing an additional defensein- depth against terror. The fuel discharged by the reactor is stored in g y an underground water pool for three to four years. Subsequently, the fuel is loaded into dry storage canisters and placed in underground vertical ventilated modules (a Holtec p ( patented technology licensed by the NRC)

Underground Dry Storage Loading

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

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Design Driver Highlights: Secure

Underground location of safety systems
a generation ahead by design

TRANSFER POOL
(Flooded to facilitate core transfer during reloading.) l di )

ELEV. ELEV +30

REACTOR VESSEL HEAD

ELEV. 0 AT GRADE USED FUEL POOL USED FUEL CARTRIDGES ELEV.-66

REACTOR VESSEL

ELEV. -140

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

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Design Driver Highlights: Economic

a generation ahead by design

Build
Modularity Practical design that can be built Plant build life cycle is projected to be 2 years. years

Operate
Few systems Th optional use air cooling (i li of The i l i li (in lieu f water) in water-parched areas available.

Maintain
All critical components readily accessible The reactor coolant is demineralized water Rapid refueling
Overall View of HI-SMUR

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

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Design Driver Highlights: Economic

Rapid Refueling
a generation ahead by design

Core Cartridge
Designed to be installed and removed from the core as a unitary structure O Operating cycle i 3 ti l is years Standard PWR fuel assembly

Control Rod Assemblies

Upper Cartridge Support Grid

Fuel

Lower Cartridge Support Grid

Core Cartridge
. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties. 13

HI-SMUR Design Drivers

a generation ahead by design

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

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a generation ahead by design

Pierre Oneid, President Email: p.oneid@holtec.com

. This presentation materials ownership by Holtec International is protected by international laws on intellectual properties.

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NuScale Power
Changing the Face of Energy

Ross Snuggerud Sr. Operating Engineer

NuScale Power, Inc. 2011

The Perspective Today Small Modular Reactors represent Small the innovation that is the competitive edge for this country. titi d f thi t
NicoleY.LambHale AssistantSecretaryforManufacturing&Services U.S.DepartmentofCommerce PlattsNuclearConference 16February2011

NuScale Changed the Game

NuScale was the first to offer the market a commercially viable modular, scalable light water design
Modular factory manufacturing of major components and systems lowers costs, improves quality, shortens construction Scalable incremental addition of nuclear generating capacity produces cash flow sooner, places plant in rate base earlier Commercially viable light water technology provides clear path to licensing
TimeMagazine SMRsaTop20GreenTechIdea,December2010 Greentech Media named Modular Nuclear PowerasNumber1onitslist Medianamed ModularNuclearPower as Number 1 on its list ofTopTenHighConceptsfor2009

NuScale Power History

Oregon State University builds scale test facility to support Certification of the AP600 and AP1000 without requiring a prototype (1990s) NuScale design (MASLWR) and test facility originally developed under DOE funded program with cosponsors in 2000-2003 OSU refined and developed the design with proprietary improvements (2004-2007) NuScale Power Inc. formed in June 2007. Techtransfer agreement with OSU provides exclusive use of the Integral System Test facility and patents. f th I t lS t T t f ilit d t t Establish Executive Team and staff of world-class engineers i Gain commitment from US NRC to support licensing Secure support from US Congress and US DOE

2008 2010

NuScale: Prefabricated, Simple, Safe

NSSS is Factory Built
PRVs

STEAM
H H H

TURBINE

Entire NSSS prefabricated and shipped by rail, truck or barge Inherently safe Eliminates major accident scenarios Improves economics - Eliminates pumps, pipes, valves Simplifies and enhances safety p y case

Turbine Bypass
M

CONDENSER COOLERS

Natural Circulation Cooling

Condensate Polishers OFF-THESHELF

FEEDWATER
H

FW PUMPS

Large natural heat sink

Proven Technology Below Ground

Enhances security and safety

Reactor Recirc Valves

Modularity permits scaling to any size

12 modules, 45 MWe each produces 540 MWe

The Reactor Building is designed to withstand earthquakes, floods, tornados, tornados hurricane force winds, and aircraft impacts.

Each Module is Independent

Generator Steam Turbine Condenser

WaterFilled PoolBelow Ground Containment Containment NSSS

J.NylanderandM.Cohen

NuScale Main Control Room Phase 2 Simulator

Site Perspective

10

Changing the Face of Energy

NuScale: Changing the Face of Energy

EconomiesofSmall
Eliminatecomplex,expensivesystems lesstobuild,operate,maintain Factory manufacturing and shorter construction time means greater capital certainty Factorymanufacturingandshorterconstructiontimemeansgreatercapitalcertainty

InherentSafety
Natural circulation for passive always oncooling Naturalcirculationforpassive alwayson cooling NotsubjecttolargeLWRscenarios largebreakLOCA,SBO

Siting Flexibility
Smallerfootprint.Seismicallyrobust. Reducedwaterrequirements.Multiplemethodsforcooling.

TrueScalability
Upto12modulesproducing540Mwe Multipleapplications:commercialpower,desalination,districtheating.

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Everything Changed Except Business Risk

Old Nuclear
Every p y plant is different

New Nuclear
NRC Design Certification g standardizes plant designs for 20 years Combined Construction & Operating License issued before construction f begins Capacity factors routinely exceed 90% Passive safety systems rely on natural circulation All plants > 1000 MWe requiring large financial commitment

Separate licenses for Construction and O C Operation

Capacity factors ~ 70% Active safety systems require emergency power to operate All plants > 1000 MWe requiring g large financial commitment

13

NuScale: The Economies of Small

DESIGNSIMPLICITY& SCALABILITY FACTORYFABRICATION MODULAR MODULAR CONSTRUCTION INNOVATIVEOPERATIONS ECONOMICIMPACTS Reductionsin:
ComponentCosts Construction Time ConstructionTime OvernightCapitalCosts TotalProjectand$/kW FinanceCosts a ce Costs Operations&Maintenance

CompetitiveLifecycleCosts

http://www.nuscalepower.com

14

Simplicity = Greater Safety, Lower Costs and Risks

Proven technology F Fewer systems and components t d t than traditional plants
LesstoDevelop LesstoDesign Less to Design LesstoLicense LesstoBuild LesstoOperate Less to Operate LesstoMaintain

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SAFETY & LICENSABILITY

Inherently Safe Reactor Modules

45 MWe Reactor Module
Natural Convection for Cooling Inherently safe natural circulation of water over the fuel driven by g y gravity y No pumps, no need for emergency generators Seismically Robust System is submerged in a pool of water below ground in an earthquake resistant building Reactor pool attenuates ground motion and dissipates energy Simple and Small Reactor is 1/20th the size of large reactors Integrated reactor design, no large-break loss-of-coolant accidents Defense-in-Depth Multiple additional barriers to protect against the release of radiation to the environment
High-strength stainless steel containment 10 times stronger than typical PWR

Water volume to thermal power ratio is 4 times larger resulting in better cooling

Reactor core has only 5% of the fuel of a large reactor

17

Large Pool of Water Holds Reactor Modules

12module,540MWeNuScalePlant NuScale nuclear power reactors are housed inside high strength steel containment vessels and submerged in 4 million gallons of water below ground level inside the Reactor Building. The Reactor Building is designed to withstand earthquakes, floods, tornados, hurricane force winds, and aircraft impacts. impacts

Reactor and containment are submerged in underground steel-lined concrete pool with 30-day supply of cooling water.

Any hydrogen released is trapped in containment vessel with little to no oxygen available to create a combustible mixture.

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Added Barriers Between Fuel and Environment

Conventional Designs
1. 2. 3.

Fuel Pellet and Cladding Reactor Vessel Containment

6

NuScales Additional Barriers

4.

Groundlevel

Water in Reactor Pool (4 million gallons) Stainless Steel Lined Concrete Reactor Pool Biological Shield Covers Each Reactor Reactor Building

4 5

3 2 1

5.

6.

7.

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Stable Long Term Cooling

Reactor and nuclear fuel cooled indefinitely without pumps or power

WATERCOOLING

BOILING

AIRCOOLING

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Spent Fuel Pool Safety

Increased Cooling Capacity
More water volume for cooling per fuel assembly than current designs y p p g Low Density Spent Fuel Racks permit air cooling in the event of loss of coolant Redundant, cross-connected reactor and refueling pool heat exchangers provide full back-up cooling to spent fuel pool. Stainless steel refueling pool liners are independent from concrete structure to retain integrity Auxiliary external water supply connections are easily accessible to plant p y p personnel and away from y potential high radiation zones (current problem in Japan) Below ground spent fuel pool is housed in a seismically robust reactor building Pool wall located underground is shielded from tsunami wave impact and damage Construction of structure below ground in engineered soil limits the potential for any leakage

External Coolant Supply Connections

Below Ground, Robust Deep-Earth Structure.

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BruceT.Landrey y ChiefMarketingOfficer 6650SWRedwoodLane Suite210 Portland,OR97224 5037152230

http://www.nuscalepower.com

Nuclear Technology Innovation: Assessing the SMR Option

Andrea Sterdis, TVA Senior Manager Strategic Nuclear Expansion

Customer Base and Generating Facilities

155 power distributors 56 direct served customers Over 9 million people in an 80,000 sq mile service area
Fossil Plants Combustion Turbines Nuclear Plants

Hydroelectric Dams

PumpedStorage

Green Power

TVA Renewed Vision e e ed s o

One of the Nations Leading providers of low-cost and cleaner energy by 2020
Low Rates Cleaner Air

High Reliability

More Nuclear Generation

Responsibility

Greater Energy Efficiency

Nuclear is Key To TVA Vision of Cleaner Affordable Energy

New generation Deliver more new nuclear generation thi D li l ti this decade than any other utility in the country. Technology Evaluate the viability of the SMRs as a unique nuclear option.

Our Approach Today

Under Construction Engineering Phase Study Phase

Watts Bar 2
Expected in Service Megawatts

Bellefonte 1*

Future Nuclear*

2013 1180 MWe

2018-2020 1260 MWe

After 2020 TBD

*pending approval

The Benefits of Nuclear Beyond Simple E Si l Economics Reliable i

Clean Air Value Competitive p Stable Electric Price Economic Development
High Capacity Factors Zero Air Emissions Creates Local and Regional Jobs ~60% of Total Cost Fixed Long-Term Costs Attractive Thousands of Project Jobs During Construction and Hundreds During Operation Protection Against CO2 Risk Low fuel transportation Risk Supports a Diverse Portfolio

Energy Supply

Value in Developing SMR Option

Increasing siting options Managing investment risk Re-establish US supply chain Engineering and manufacturing jobs Widespread opportunities including small and medium-sized utilities Potential for technology export to other countries
Light water SMRs offer a unique option
7

SMR Viability Critical Questions

Technology Capital Costs O&M Costs Schedule Certainty Modularization Reality Licensing Certainty g y Siting Flexibility Risk Management
8
3 Twin Pack Configuration Twin Pack 250-300 Mwe Configuration

SMRs--What Technology? mPowerTM Design

Integral 125-150 MWe reactor Underground plant configuration Scalable modular plant Proven advanced LWR technology Simple, passive safety Simple fully passive safety design Industry standard PWR fuel Underground spent fuel storage 4-5 year fuel cycle y y

Fits TVAs technology innovation mission

9

Economic Viability
Capital Costs
Detailed Cost Reviews Design Finalization Modularization Schedule O&M Costs Owner/Operator Inputs/Assumption Reviews SMR Fleet Concepts (Regional Centers) Partnership Opportunities DOE Cost Sharing Owner Partnerships with G&Ts/Cooperatives
Outside the box thinking will be critical to proving viability
10

Key Challenges Driving SMR Licensing Certainty

Licensing Certainty
First of Class Deployment Standardization Ri k i f Risk-informed f d focus Unique design aspects Siting flexibility

Key Issues
Annual Licensing Fees Security y Staffing
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TVA Chooses 10 CFR Part 50 for First-of-a-Kind Fi t f Ki d (FOAK) Project Licensing P j t Li i

Current positive experience and project expertise with Part 50 li licensing process i Less cost and potentially less time to get to point where you can construct CP issuance Modifications during construction easier to accommodate useful for first-of-a-kind T ti and verification of design established l t versus Testing d ifi ti fd i t bli h d later defining completely upfront Regulator has opportunity to evaluate as-built plant prior to g pp y p p operating license issuance.
10CFR52 still appropriate and preferred for standardized deployment after FOAK 12

Construction Permit Project Activities

Establishing Construction Permit project infrastructure
Schedule Procedures/Processes Organization Integration with Generation mPower

Licensing
NRC Interactions underway Focus on key regulatory issues Regulatory Framework under development

Current activities focus on confirming licensing certainty

13

Site Characterization Activities

Previous site evaluation data Ecological surveys Cultural surveys Meteorological data collection Subsurface investigation Site layout plan Surface water level calculations Site infrastructure

Construction Permit Site CharacterizationCritical to Confirming Siting Flexibility

14

Conclusion
Nuclear can safely remain an essential part of a national energy policy in order to achieve clean air goals SMRs build upon the general benefits of nuclear and offer additional potential benefits Total cost per unit, price certainty, and shorter cash flow durations will benefit financing of new SMRs g Licensing certainty is critical for SMR deployment Finding creative ways to partner and learn from a Regional or N i R i l National SMR market model will allow f l k d l ill ll for maximum benefits

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Small Reactors: A Washington Perspective

Leslie Barbour Nuclear Energy Institute

Small Reactors Advance U.S. Policy Messages for Congress

Improve energy security Advance clean energy future gy Create jobs Re-vitalize manufacturing Capture international clean energy market

High Level of Interest

Administration Support pp
DOEs 2011 Budget Request; and Dr. Chus editorial in the Wall Street Journal, March 2010

DOE FY 2012 B d t request DOEs Budget t

$67 M for SMR Licensing Support $125 M for Reactor Concepts R&D (includes $28 7 M for SMR $28.7 R&D) $49.6 M for NGNP

NRC establishes Office of New Reactors/Advanced Reactor Program for small and non-LWR reactors; non LWR SECY-10-0034

Congressional Support
Bipartisan support for SMR legislation 111th Congress --- four bills introduced in the ( p ) Senate (three House companion bills) and one in the House FY 11 CR House approves SMR new start 112th Congress --- one in the House, two Senate pp FY 12 House approves $67 million for cost-share program for LWRs

Challenges
Budget Cuts Applied Energy Programs pp gy g Time to Market Regulatory Issues Market Barriers - Export Issues

Questions?
Contact Information: Leslie Barbour Nuclear E N l Energy I tit t Institute lpb@nei.org