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Executive Summary
The Teradata Aggregate Designer is a tool that enables customers to maximize the performance and value of their enterprise business intelligence environments on the Teradata platform. Teradata Database offers a unique built-in capability, the Aggregate Join Index, that supports multi-dimensional business intelligence solutions. Aggregate Join Indexes perform common aggregations and calculations automatically as the data are loaded into the data warehouse saving the business intelligence solutions significant aggregation time. The Teradata Aggregate Designer is used to automate the design, recommendation, and creation of Aggregate Join Indexes in Teradata Database by leveraging implementation best practices.
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Problem Statement
BI solutions typically consist of commercial or custom-built on-line analytical processing (OLAP) tools and a data source. Leading OLAP vendors, such as IBM Cognos, Microstrategy, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP BusinessObjects, and SAS
enable users to perform a wide range of analytical tasks from simple dimensional aggregation (slice and dice), to data
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Solution Overview
IT organizations are now deploying BI solutions using the relational on-line analytical processing (ROLAP) approach. This approach is designed to access data stored in the data warehouse directly instead of accessing them from the OLAP cube stored on the middle-tier server. The ROLAP approach avoids messy data movement, makes all aggregated and detailed data available to BI analytical tools, and no middle tier is required other than to host the BI application itself. Most modern BI tools also support the hybrid on-line analytical processing (HOLAP) model. In this approach, most processing is supported by ROLAP, while certain parts of the solution will rely on MOLAP capabilities. The intent of the hybrid approach is to optimally combine the fast response time typical of MOLAP for highly time-sensitive, usually tactical queries with the analytical depth and ability to drill-down and drill-through to detailed data through ROLAP. Many customers have implemented the ROLAP and/or HOLAP models to deliver successful BI solutions. These solutions eliminate the need to extract the data from the data warehouse while meeting the business response time requirements and leveraging the benefits of accessing aggregated as well as detailed data for better insight.
Implications of MOLAP
MOLAP-based BI solutions have many benefits, but there are negative implications for this approach as well. Some business implications include:
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Attribute
MOLAP
HOLAP
ROLAP
Limited to cube on the middle-tier server Limited to cube on the middle-tier server and drill through Varies depending on cube refresh
Almost unlimited
Detailed analysis
A key Teradata technology for supporting ROLAP and HOLAP solutions is the Aggregate Join Index (AJI). AJIs are join indexes that specify SUM or COUNT aggregate operations across one or more tables. AJIs perform aggregations automatically as the data are loaded into the data warehouse, resulting in highly increased response times at query time. This approach enables the BI solution to benefit from the quick response time, but also allows the wider and deeper analysis of the detailed data. AJIs also eliminate the need to extract the data from the data warehouse in order to load it into a middle-tier, usually seen with the MOLAP approach. AJIs are completely transparent to BI tools and client applications in general. AJIs are typically implemented manually to support specific analysis scenarios. Once defined, they require no further user or administrator maintenance. AJIs are automatically accessed by the Teradata optimizer to maximize performance in accessing and navigating relational data.
Cost of Implementation
Current data
High
Low
Product Overview
Optimal performance of implementations using the ROLAP or HOLAP models with Teradata Database involves database design considerations such as data loading, physical data modeling, and performance tuning. The goal in the data loading process (including both ETL and ELT) is to cleanse, standardize, and load the data into a normalized model to support reporting and analytics. Dimensional aggregates are usually built on these data to increase performance. Data modeling is a set of techniques aimed at designing optimal data structures to store business data. Best practices involve a progression of stages from logical to physical.
Third normal form (3NF) is the ideal data representation for decision support solutions because it is optimized for ad-hoc queries while providing maximum flexibility and minimal redundancy. Star and snowflake schemas are better suited for OLAP solutions because they are optimized to support predefined business questions, and they align intuitively with the way people think about business data. In Teradata Database, a Semantic Layer, normally built through views or materialized tables, is typically utilized to implement star and snowflake schemas to support OLAP. Currently, using AJIs optimally involves a multi-step manual process that includes validating the design requirements (loading process, semantic layer, and database
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Product Details
The Teradata Aggregate Designer is a desktop administrative design-time productivity tool used by database administrators (DBAs) to automate the design, recommendation, and creation of AJIs in Teradata Database. The tool bridges the gap between the multidimensional BI environment and the relational database environment by helping DBAs create the recommended AJIs. AJIs improve the performance of BI requests based on the questions that can be asked of the relational dataset. Teradata Aggregate Designer takes the guesswork out of creating AJIs and allows DBAs to be more productive and accurate in their AJI designs. The tool also creates AJIs that increase the likelihood of being hit by SQL statement from a BI tool.
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Aggregation Levels Dimension : Hierarchy Time : All Time Org : All Orgs Business : All Business Channel: All Channels Brand : All Brands Product : All Product
AJI Options Level Day Sales Center Business Type Channel Type Brand Product
Abbreviations
AJI Aggregate Join Index AJI is an aggregate result set saved as an object in the database, and it is transparent to end users. It is leveraged automatically by the Teradata optimizer when a query plan contains matching columns and aggregates. HOLAP Hybrid On-Line Analytical Processing HOLAP is an OLAP implementation approach that utilizes both MOLAP and ROLAP approaches to provide high performance for frequently-accessed analytics while also providing the capability to drill-down to detailed data or to drill across multiple dimensions. MOLAP Multidimensional On-Line Analytical Processing MOLAP is an OLAP implementation approach that utilizes a middle-tier server for hosting and analyzing the BI solutions data.
100
Summary
The Teradata Aggregate Designer simplifies and automates building and deploying cube-based aggregations in Teradata Database to accelerate ROLAP (and HOLAP) solutions. By bridging the gap between the multidimensional BI environment and the relational database environment, the tool helps DBAs create AJIs that improve the performance of BI tools based on the questions that can be asked of the relational dataset. The Teradata Aggregate Designer takes the guesswork out of creating AJIs and allows DBAs to be more productive and accurate in their AJI designs. The tool also creates AJIs that increase the likelihood of being hit by SQL statement from a BI tool, ultimately providing maximum performance and optimal usage of resources.
Space Cost %
80 60 40 20 0
Selected AJIs
Figure 4. AJI storage cost estimates.
ROLAP Relational On-Line Analytical Processing ROLAP is an OLAP implementation approach that relies on the data warehouse for hosting and analyzing the BI solutions data.
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Requirements
> Database Versions: Teradata Database version 12 Teradata Database version 13 Desktop > Client Operating System Platforms Supported: Windows XP Service Pack 3 Windows 2003 Standard Service Pack 3 Windows Vista Windows 2008 Standard > Java Platform Standard Edition JRE 6 > Disk Space: Minimum 1GB Recommended 10GB > CPU: Minimum 1GHz (single-core) Recommended 1.5GHz (multi-core) > RAM: Minimum 1GB Recommended 2GB
References
Webinars available on Teradata Education Network (external) and Teradata University (Teradata associates only): > TBIO Overview Webinar (course # 45863) > Introduction to Data Modeling (course # 26369) > Teradata Star-Schema Designs (course # 26536) > OLAP Optimization with Teradata (course # 37317) > Business Intelligence Concepts and Tools (course # 43022) > Common Performance Considerations for Teradata and MicroStrategy (course # 37861) > Improve your OLAP Environment with Cognos and Teradata (course # 37715) > Improve your OLAP Environment with Microsoft and Teradata (course # 37686) > Improve your OLAP Environment with Teradata and Oracle Essbase (course # 43892) Other Teradata White Papers: Implementation AJI for ROLAP http://www.teradata.com/t/page/170888/?s rc=tdmo_rl&i=v07n04
Improve Your OLAP Environment with Hyperion and Teradata http://www.teradata.com/t/page/166368/?s rc=tdmo_rl&i=v07n04 Improve Your OLAP Environment with Microsoft and Teradata http://www.teradata.com/t/page/170195/?s rc=tdmo_rl&i=v07n04 About the Author Sam Tawfik, Product Marketing Manager with Teradata Corporation, has an extensive background in data warehousing, enterprise application architecture, and systems integration. His broad technical experience includes large-scale data warehouse systems, business intelligence, application development, and Service Oriented Architecture. Sams work experience includes software engineering, systems integration consulting, project management, product evangelism, marketing, and vendor and partner development. Prior to joining Teradata, he worked with BEA Systems and BearingPoint. He has more than 20 years of IT experience and received his undergraduate degree in Computer Science from California State University, Fullerton.
This document, which includes the information contained herein, is the exclusive property of Teradata Corporation. Any person is hereby authorized to view, copy, print, and distribute this document subject to the following conditions. This document may be used for non-commercial, informational purposes only and is provided on an AS-IS basis. Any copy of this document or portion thereof must include this copyright notice and all other restrictive legends appearing in this document. Note that any product, process, or technology described in this document may be the subject of other intellectual property rights reserved by Teradata and are not licensed hereunder. No license rights will be implied. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States government is subject to the restrictions set forth in DFARS 252.227-7013(c)(1)(ii) and FAR 52.227-19. Teradata, the Teradata logo, and Raising Intelligence are trademarks or registered trademarks of Teradata Corporation and/or its affiliates in the U.S. or worldwide. Cognos is a registered trademark of IBM. MicroStrategy is a registered trademark of MicroStrategy Incorporated. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. SAP is a registered trademark, and BusinessObjects is a trademark of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries. SAS is a registered trademark of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. Teradata continually improves products as new technologies and components become available. Teradata, therefore, reserves the right to change specifications without prior notice. All features, functions, and operations described herein may not be marketed in all parts of the world. Consult your Teradata representative or Teradata.com for more information. Copyright 2010 by Teradata Corporation All Rights Reserved. Produced in U.S.A.
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