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BACKGROUND
We are running at the first decade of 21st century which is known as
the advanced age of science and technology. From jungle to the present time,
human civilization has made tremendous progress in multiple fields’ like-
information technology, transportation, and public health and so on. As we
have witnessed the magical development in the sector of public health and
treatment system, many fetal diseases have been eradicated. Once there were
days when cancer and TB used to be counted as a giant figure of death but
now days, TB is fully cured and some kinds of cancers are also curable as
the boom of modern medicine and treatment therapy. Not only has this, but
also the most fearful diseases of the past days like malaria and smallpox
have already been eradicated. However, though we are benefited by the
modern ways of treatment, new diseases and challenges are not absent yet.
HIV/AIDs have been standstill as the major threat all over the glob at
present. Diabetes and heart diseases are also standing as the major problem
in front of the people of the 21st century. Furthermore, in the latest days, with
the progress of urbanization, different types of sexual diseases are increasing
rapidly. So at late the sexual transmitted infection have been stood as the
major headache in the different part of the world.
STIs continue to be a major and growing public health problem in many part
of the world, an estimated annual incidence of curable STI( syphilis,
gonorrhea, Chlamydia and trichomoniasis) is 340 million new cases occur
in the world (WHO 2007)
Nepal being landlocked one of the least developed countries in the world.
So the people of Nepal are facing immense problems such as poverty,
illiteracy, ignorance and youth unemployment. These all are the predisposing
factors for the spread of sexually transmitted infection including.
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Sexually transmitted infections are serious health concern, particularly
among adolescents and young people. They cause physical discomfort,
personal embarrassment and infertility as well as marital discord, especially
in developing country like Nepal.
In Nepal, total no. of 5202 STIs cases were reported. In such a way, 5988
HIV positive cases were detected in 2006. (National AIDs and STD control
Program).
Definition of STI:
The term sexually transmitted infection (STIs) refers to any infection
contracted primarily through sexually activity or contact. STIs are very
serious public health problems. These diseases are associated with
substantial morbidity. The incidence of STIs continue it increase worldwide
and infection are becoming more severed. STI also facilitates the
development of HIV infection and AIDs.
The government has formulated policy, program and strategies for AIDs and
STDs control program with much priority. This program is integrated with
national and PHC program. The major objectives of AIDs and STI control
programmes:
• Reduction of STIs and HIV/AIDS transmission through blood and
blood product and from mother to child.
• Reduction to impact of STIs and HIV/AIDs through appropriate
management.
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(The researchers from the Centre for Research on Environment
Health and Population Activities -CREHPA, UK) They may be more
likely to engage in high-risk behavior due to:
The workers of the carpet factories come from different ethnic group. Both
male and female live together in industrial area. Most of them are illiterate.
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Knowledge regarding sexual transmitted infection among the workers of
carpet factory.
In Nepal, due to the lack of education and awareness, more people are
suffering from STI. In such a way, most workers of the carpet factory are
uneducated and unaware of STIs.
General objectives
To assess the knowledge regarding sexual transmitted infection of carpet
factory workers.
Specific objectives:
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• To asses the knowledge of sexually transmitted infection toward the
workers of the carpet factory.
• To give education to the carpet factory workers who have not
adequate knowledge about sexually transmitted infection.
HYPOTHESIS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
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Area: For this study area was limited to the carpet factories of the
Balkumari, Lalitpur.
Time was limited for data collection for only five weeks
CHAPTER-TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
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The UNICEF 2001 survey among adolescents revealed that though
Nepalese adolescence are highly aware of the risk of HIV, this sexual
behavior, Although a vast majority (92%) had heard about HIV/AIDs, a
significance proportion (23%) had the misconception about HIV
transmission. Only 74% of them know that they should use condoms to
protect themselves from HIV and over 69% said that they should not have
sex with commercial sex workers to avoid HIV/AIDs.
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protect them form STD , while 78% think the best way to avoid STD is to
avoid multiple sex partners
CHAPTER- THREE
3.1.Research Design:
A simple descriptive research design was used for this study.
3.2.Study area:
The study was conducted at carpet factories of Balkumari Lalitpur.
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3.4. Sample size of the study:
Sample size of this study was 60.
3.5.Sampling Plan:
Purposive sampling plan was used to collect data.
• Inclusion criteria:
3.7.Variables
1. Independent variables:
• Demographic area
• Working environment
• culture
• customs
• awareness
• Socio-economic status
2.Dependent Variables:
• Education
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Questionnaire was developed on the basis of research objectives and
hypothesis where the researcher was composed structured close ended and
open ended questions by dividing into two parts.
1. Question related to demography information.
2. Question related to knowledge on STI.
3.12.Ethical consideration:
Study will be conducted only after the approval of the faculty
teachers, research advisors, assistant campus chief and campus chief.
Verbal as well as written permission was obtained from authority of
carpet factory.
The respondents .The objective of the study will be explained clearly
to the participants
None of the respondents will be forced to participate in study.
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The respondent's right was protected while collecting data by
informed consent and confidentiality, and anonymity.
The Privacy was maintained by interviewing each respondent.
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CHAPTER- FOUR
Data analysis and interpretation:
This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data concerning demographic
information and knowledge of carpet factory workers regarding on sexually transmitted
infection. After collecting all the data was analyzed and interpreted on the basis of
research objectives and hypothesis, using simple statistical tool. Findings of the study are
presented into two parts:-
• Demographic information.
• Knowledge about sexually transmitted infection.
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36-40years 4 6.67%
2 Marital status:
Married 41 68.3%
Unmarried 19 31.7%
3 Residence:
Within the factory 50 83.3%
Outside the factory 10 16.7%
4 Religion:
Buddhist 49 81.67%
Hindu 9 15%
Christian 2 3.33%
5 Educational Status:
Illiterate 28 46.67%
Literate 21 35%
Upto 5 class 8 13.33%
Upto 10 class 2 3.3%
SLC pass 1 1.67%
Table 1 shows that the majority 20(33.33%) of the respondents were age from 21-25
years, 16(26.70%) respondents were 15-20 years,12(20%) respondents were 26-30
years,8(13.33%) respondents were 31-35 years, and 4(6.76%) were 36-40 years.
50(83%) respondents were lived temporarily in within the factory and 10(16.70%)
outside the factory.
49 ( 81.67% ) respondents were Buddhist,9( 15% ) respondents were Hindu and 2
(3.33%) were Christian.
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35 33
30 27
25
20 Male
15 Female
10
0
Male Female
Above figure shows that the majority of the respondents 33(55%) were male and
27(45%) female.
Distribution of respondents according to their cast:-
3% 2% Tamang
3% 3%
8% Magar
Newar
Chhetri
Rai
Dalit
81%
Above figures denotes that the majority of the respondents 48(81%) respondents were
Tamang, 5(8%) Magar, 2(3%) Newar,3% Chhetri 3% Rai and 1(2%) were dalit.
The knowledge score about sexually transmitted infection of the carpet factory
workers
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N=60
18
17
16
15
14 14
Knowledge score
13
12
11
10 10
9 9 9 9
8 8
7
6 6 6
5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
No of respondents
Above figure shows that the knowledge score of respondents ranged from a low of 2 to
high of 17.
15
30%
yes
No
70%
Above figures shows that the majority 42(70%) respondents had heard about STI and
only18(30%) respondents had not heard about STI.
Above chart denotes that the Radio is the effective media to transfer the
massage. In this study 16(38.o9%) respondents had heard about STI on the
radio and 15(35.71%) respondents heard from the friends. 14(33.33) had
heard from TV and 11(26.19%) heard from health personnel.
16
50
50
45
40
35 Shyphilis
30 Gonorrhea
25 HIV/AIDs
20
Don't know
15
10 8
4
5 1
0
Above figure shows that the majority of the respondents were unaware about the name
of Sexually transmitted infection, that was 50 (83.33%) , 8(13.33%) respondents listed
the name of HIV/AIDs, 4(6.66) respondents listed the name of syphilis and 1( )
respondents listed the name of gonorrhea.
Above table shows that the majority of respondents said that unsafe sexual contact is the
way of transmission of STI, that was 46(76.66%), 4(6.66%) had knowledge about
mother to child transmission is the way of transmission of STI,and 4(6.66%) said from
infected blood and 14(23.33%) had no knowledge about transmission of STI.
*Multiple responses*
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Distribution of respondents according to knowledge about sign and
symptoms of STI
N=60
SN Knowledge about sign and symptoms of Frequency Percentage
STI
1 Excessive white vaginal discharge 12 20%
2 Having sore in private part 15 25%
3 Lower abdomen pain 6 10%
4 Swelling in groin 3 5%
5 Don't know 37 61.66%
Table no- … Shows that 32(53.33%) had no knowledge about how could not transmitted
STI. 21(35%) respondents expressed that STI is not transmitted by sharing of toilet,
19(31.66%) STI is not transmitted through sharing of food and utensils, 4( 6.66%
expressed that STI could not transmitted through use of condom, 2(3.33%) expressed that
STI is not transmitted through coughing and sneezing.
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2 Multiple partner/ mother to child 26 43.33%
3 Don’t know 25 41.66%
Above table shows that 25(41.66%) respondents had no knowledge about who are the
venerable group for STI, 26(43.33%) respondents expressed that female sex workers are
the vulnerable group for STI, 11(18.33%) respondents multiple partners are the
vulnerable group for STI.
10%
yes
No
Don't know
80%
Above figure shows that 48(80%) respondents have knowledge about treatment is
possible for STI, 6 (10%) respondents expressed that treatment is not possible for STI
and 6(10%) have not knowledge about treatment of STI is possible.
Within the 48 respondent, 37(77%) respondents who said both should be treated for
STI,4(61.66%)respondents said that both should not be treated for STI,
7(11.66%)respondents have no knowledge about single or both should be treated for STI.
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Distribution of respondents according to knowledge about both should
be treated for STI
N=48
40 37
30
20
Yes
10 No
4 7
Don't know
0
Yes
No
Don't
know
Within the 48 respondent, 37(77%) respondents who said both should be treated for
STI,4(61.66%)respondents said that both should not be treated for STI,
7(11.66%)respondents have no knowledge about single or both should be treated for STI.
N=60
20
23%
Yes
No
77%
Above figure shows that 44(77%) respondents were not have sexual relation with
multiple sex partners,14(23%) respondents were expressed that we have sexual relation
with multiple sex partners.
36%
Yes
No
64%
Among figure shows that among 14 respondents, the 5(36%) respondents expressed that
they have used condom during sexual contact and 9(64%) respondents expressed that
they have not used condoms during sexual contact.
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1 Condom use 15
2 Avoid multiple sex partners 28
3 Don’t know 22
Above table shows that most of the respondents had knowledge about avoiding of
multiple sex partner is the way of prevention from STI, that was 28 (… %) respondents,
the 15(..%) respondents expressed that use of condom is the way of prevention of STI.
22( %) respondents have no knowledge about the way of prevention of STI.
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