The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires nutrition labeling for most foods. Under FDA regulations, manufacturers are required to list the amounts of certain nutrients in their foods, such are calories, sugar, fat, and carbohydrates. This nutritional information is displayed in the Nutrition Facts panel on the foods package. The table shows the following nutritional content for one cup of each of 21 different breakfast cereals. C = calories S = sugar in grams F = fat in grams R = carbohydrates in grams Cereal Apple Jack Berry Burst Cheerios Cheerios Cocoa Puffs Cookie Crisp Corn Chex Corn Flakes Corn Pops Count Chocula Crispix Froot Loops Frosted Flakes Golden Grahams Honey Nut Cheerios Lucky Charms Multi Grain Cheerios Raisin Bran Rice Krispies Special K Trix Wheaties
USING TECHNOLOGY Use a technology tool to draw a scatter plot of the following (x, y) pairs in the data set. (a) (calories, sugar)
20
Sugar (in grams)
15
10
0 100
120
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
Calories
(b) (calories, fat)
2.0
1.5
Fat (in grams)
1.
1.0
0.5
0.0 100
120
140
Calories
(c) (calories, carbohydrates)
45
Carbohydrate (in grams)
40
35
30
25
20 100
120
140
160
180
200
Calories
(d) (sugar, fat)
2.0
Fat (in grams)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 0
10
Sugar (in grams)
15
20
(e) (sugar, carbohydrates)
45
Carbohydrate (in grams)
40
35
30
25
20 0
10
15
20
1.5
2.0
Sugar (in grams)
(f) (fat, carbohydrates)
45
Carbohydrate (in grams)
40
35
30
25
20 0.0
0.5
1.0
Fat (in grams)
2.
From the scatter plot in Exercise 1, which pairs of variables appear to have a strong linear correlation? Dari scatter plot di atas, dapat diamati pasangan variabel (calories, sugar), (calories, carbohydrates), dan (sugar, carbohydrates) memiliki korelasi linear yang kuat. Dilihat dari
bentuk dan persebaran titik pada scatter plot. Hubungan linear yang terbentuk adalah hubungan positif.
3.
Use a technology tool to find the correlation coefficient for each pair of variables in Exercise 1. Which has the strongest linear correlation? (a) (calories, sugar), r = 0.766 Cor relations
Calories
Sugar (in grams )
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
**. Correlation is s ignif icant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
(f) (fat, carbohydrates), r = 0.230
Cor relations
Carbohy drate (in grams )
Fat (in grams )
4.
Pears on Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pears on Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
Carbohy drate (in grams) 1 21 .230 .315 21
Fat (in grams )
.230 .315 21 1 21
Use a technology tool to find an equation of a regression line for the following variables. (a) (calories, sugar) Coe fficientsa
Model 1
(Cons tant) Calories
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error -12.836 4.406 .177 .034
a. Dependent Variable: Sugar (in grams )
Standardized Coef f icients Beta .766
t -2.914 5.201
Sig. .009 .000
Equation,
(b) (calories, carbohydrates)
Coe fficientsa
Model 1
(Cons tant) Calories
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error 1.072 2.840 .213 .022
Standardized Coef f icients Beta .913
t .377 9.739
Sig. .710 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Carbohy drate (in grams)
Equation,
5.
Use the results of Exercise 4 to predict the following.
(a) The sugar content of one cup of cereal that has caloric content of 120 calories. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
Kandungan gula dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan kalori sebesar 120 kalori adalah 8.404 gram. (b) The carbohydrate content of one cup of cereal that has caloric content of 120 calories. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
Kandungan karbohidrat dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan kalori sebesar 120 kalori adalah 26.632 gram.
6.
Use a technology tool to find the multiple regression equations of the following forms. (a) Coe fficientsa
Model 1
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error 12.929 13.543 -.268 .682 7.567 3.176 3.886 .614
(Cons tant) Sugar (in grams ) Fat (in grams) Carbohydrate (in grams)
Standardized Coef f icients Beta -.062 .235 .908
t .955 -.393 2.382 6.330
Sig. .353 .699 .029 .000
t 1.617 .734 5.275
Sig. .123 .472 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Calories
Maka persamaannya adalah
(b) Coe fficientsa
Model 1
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error 23.279 14.397 .496 .676 3.518 .667
(Cons tant) Sugar (in grams ) Carbohydrate (in grams)
Standardized Coef f icients Beta .114 .822
a. Dependent Variable: Calories
Maka persamaannya adalah
7.
Use the equations from Exercise 6 to predict the caloric content of 1 cup of cereal that has 7 grams of sugar, 0.5 gram of fat, and 31 grams of carbohydrates. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
( )
Kandungan kalori dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan gula sebesar 7 gram, lemak 0.5 gram, dan karbohidrat sebesar 31 gram diprediksikan sebesar 135.3025 kalori.
MANUALLY CALCULATED Use a technology tool to draw a scatter plot of the following (x, y) pairs in the data set. (a) (calories, sugar) 25 y = 0.1767x - 12.836 R = 0.5875
Sugar
20 15 10 5 0 0
50
100 Calories
150
200
(b) (calories, fat)
2.5 2
y = 0.0129x - 0.6652 R = 0.1723
Fat
1.5 1 0.5 0 0
50
100 Calories
150
200
(c) (calories, carbohydrates)
Carbohydrates
1.
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
y = 0.2132x + 1.0716 R = 0.8331
50
100 Calories
150
200
(d) (sugar, fat)
2.5 2 y = 0.062x + 0.3737 R = 0.2129
Fat
1.5 1 0.5 0 0
10 Sugar
15
20
(e) (sugar, carbohydrates)
50 45 Carbohydrates
40
y = 0.8038x + 20.477 R = 0.6292
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
10 Sugar
15
20
(f) (fat, carbohydrates)
50 45 Carbohydrates
40 35 y = 1.7361x + 26.591 R = 0.053
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
0.5
1.5 Fat
2.5
2.
From the scatter plot in Exercise 1, which pairs of variables appear to have a strong linear correlation? Dari scatter plot di atas, dapat diamati pasangan variabel (calories, sugar), (calories, carbohydrates), dan (sugar, carbohydrates) memiliki korelasi linear yang kuat. Dilihat dari bentuk dan persebaran titik pada scatter plot. Hubungan linear yang terbentuk adalah hubungan positif.
3.
Use a technology tool to find the correlation coefficient for each pair of variables in Exercise 1. Which has the strongest linear correlation?
Use a technology tool to find an equation of a regression line for the following variables. (a) (calories, sugar) C x 100 130 100 130 130 120 100 120 150 110 110 150 160 150 150 110 190 100 120 120 130
Use the results of Exercise 4 to predict the following.
(a) The sugar content of one cup of cereal that has caloric content of 120 calories. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
Kandungan gula dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan kalori sebesar 120 kalori adalah 8.404 gram. (b) The carbohydrate content of one cup of cereal that has caloric content of 120 calories. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
Kandungan karbohidrat dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan kalori sebesar 120 kalori adalah 26.632 gram.
6.
Use a technology tool to find the multiple regression equations of the following forms. (Perhitungan secara manual sangat rumit sehingga menggunakan teknologi) (a) Coe fficientsa
Model 1
(Cons tant) Sugar (in grams ) Fat (in grams) Carbohydrate (in grams)
a. Dependent Variable: Calories
Maka persamaannya adalah
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error 12.929 13.543 -.268 .682 7.567 3.176 3.886 .614
Standardized Coef f icients Beta -.062 .235 .908
t .955 -.393 2.382 6.330
Sig. .353 .699 .029 .000
(b) Coe fficientsa
Model 1
Unstandardiz ed Coef f icients B Std. Error 23.279 14.397 .496 .676 3.518 .667
(Cons tant) Sugar (in grams ) Carbohydrate (in grams)
Standardized Coef f icients Beta .114 .822
t 1.617 .734 5.275
Sig. .123 .472 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Calories
Maka persamaannya adalah
7.
Use the equations from Exercise 6 to predict the caloric content of 1 cup of cereal that has 7 grams of sugar, 0.5 gram of fat, and 31 grams of carbohydrates. Diketahui:
Ditanyakan: Jawab:
( )
Kandungan kalori dalam satu cangkir sereal yang memiliki kandungan gula sebesar 7 gram, lemak 0.5 gram, dan karbohidrat sebesar 31 gram diprediksikan sebesar 135.3025 kalori.
