1

2008 SRJC PRELIM P1 (SOLNS)

1 The first term of an arithmetic series is 3 and the first term of a geometric series is 4. The
arithmetic and geometric series have both b as the common difference and common
ratio respectively. The sixth term of the arithmetic series is equal to the sum of the third
and fourth terms of the geometric series. Find all the possible values of b. For
convergence in the geometric series, find its sum to infinity.
[Leave all your answers in exact form] [5]
Solution:
2 3
3 5 4 4 b b b + +
3 2
4 4 5 3 0 b b b +
( )
3 1
1 0
2 2
b b b
_ _
+ +

, ,
3 1
, 1,
2 2
b b b
For
1 b <
,
1
2
b Sum to infinity =
4 8
1
3
1 ( )
2

2 Solve the inequality
3 2
1 2 5 6 x x x x + > +
.
Hence solve
3
2
1 2 5 6 x x x x + > + . [5]
Solution:
G1 for each correct graph
[Turn Over
2
The x coordinates for the intersection points are
2.79, 1, 2.19
.
2.79 1 2.19 x x < < < .
Replace
x
by
x
.
2.79 1 2.19 x NA x < < <
2.19 2.19 2.19 x x < < <
.
3 Functions f and g are defined by
2
f : for 0,
g : sin for 0
x x x
x x x
>

a
a
(i) Show that the composite function fg does not exist. [2]
(ii) Find the largest domain of g such that the composite function fg exists. [1]
(iii) Using the restricted domain found in part (ii), find the composite function fg in a
similar form. Find also the range of fg. [3]

Solution:
(i) ( ) [ ]
f g
D 0, , R 0,1
Since
g f
R D
, fg does not exist.
(ii) For fg to exist,
( )
g g
R (0,1] D , 0
3
(iii)
( ) ( )
2
fg sin sin sin 0 x x x x x < < Q
fg : sin , 0 x x x < < a
fg
R (0,1]

4 Sketch in an Argand diagram, the set of points representing all complex numbers z
satisfying the following inequalities ( ) 0 arg 1
4
z

and
1 5 z i z i +
. [3]
Hence, find
(i) the maximum value of ( ) arg z
, [1]
(ii) the exact range of values value of
z
. [2]
Solution:
(i)
1
tan 0.464 rad
2
(Max value of ( ) arg z
)
(ii)
2 2
1 1 2 z < + 1 5 z <
[Turn Over
0 1
y
x
2
4

4
5 The diagram shows the graph of 3 2 3
x
y x + . The 2 roots of the equation
3 2 3 0
x
x +
are denoted by a and b where a < 0 and b > 0.
(i) Find the values of a and b, each correct to 3 decimal places. [2]
The real numbers
n
x
satisfies the recurrence relation,
1
1
(2 ) 1
3
n
x
n
x
+
for 1 n .
(ii) Using the result in (i), show that if the sequence converges, it will converge to
either a or b. [2]
(iii) By considering
1 n n
x x
+

, prove that
1 n n
x x
+
>
if
n
a x b < <
,
1 n n
x x
+
<
if
or
n n
x a x b < >
.
[2]
Solution
(i) Solving
3 2 3 0
x
x +
using GC.
a = 0.810 , b = 3.868
(ii) If the sequence converges, as
1
, ,
n n
n x l x l
+

(where l is
limit of the seq)
1
(2 ) 1 3 2 3 0
3
l l
l l +
a
b
x
y
5
from part (i) l a or b
(shown)
(iii)
1 n n
x x
+

=
1
(2 ) 1
3
n
x
n
x +
when
n
a x b < <
,
1
3 2 3 0 (from the given graph)
3
n
x
n
x
1
+ >
]
Thus,
1 1
0
n n n n
x x x x
+ +
> >
when or
n n
x a x b < >
,
1
3 2 3 0
3
n
x
n
x
1
+ <
]
Thus,
1 1
0
n n n n
x x x x
+ +
< <
(shown)
6 The diagram below shows the cross-section of a cylinder
of radius x that is inscribed in a sphere of fixed internal radius R.
Show that
2 2 2 2 2
16 ( ) A x R x , where A is the curved surface
area of the cylinder. Prove that, as x varies, the maximum value
of A is obtained when the height of the cylinder is equal to its
diameter. [8]

Solution:
Let h be the height of the cylinder.
By Pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
1
( )
2
R x h +
2 2 2
4 4 h R x
2 A xh
2 2 2 2
4 A x h

2 2 2 2
4 (4 4 ) x R x
2 2 2 2
16 ( ) x R x

2A
dA
dx
2 2 2 3
32 64 R x x
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3
32 64 16 32
2
dA R x x R x x
dx A A


[Turn Over
R
x
6
For stationary value of A, 0
dA
dx

2 2 2 3
16 32
0
R x x
A


2 2 2 3
16 32 R x x = 0
2 2 2
16 ( 2 ) 0 x R x
0, ( )
2
R
x rejected

Therefore
2
R
x
x
2
R

2
R
2
R
+
Sign of
dA
dx
+ve 0 -ve
Hence, when
2
R
x
, the value of A is at its maximum.
When
2
2
R
x R x
,
2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4(2 ) 4 4 2 h R x x x x x (diameter of cylinder)
7 Let f(r)
[ ] sin (2 1)
cos
r

+
,
r
+

.
(i) Show that
f ( ) f ( 1) Acos(B ) tan( ) r r r
, where A and B are to be determined.
[3]
(ii) By using the result in part (i), show that
[ ] sin (2 1)
1
cos 2 cos 4 ... cos 2 1
2 sin
N
N

1 +
+ + +
1
]
. [5]
Solution
(i) f(r)

f(r

1)
sin(2 1) sin(2 1)
cos
r r

7
2cos 2 sin
cos
r

2cos 2 tan r
(ii)
1 1
2cos 2 tan [ ( ) ( 1)]
N N
r r
r f r f r




1
2tan cos 2 ( ) (0)
N
r
r f N f

sin(2 1)
2tan (cos 2 cos 4 ... cos 2 ) tan
cos
N
N

+
+ + +

[ ] sin (2 1)
1
cos 2 cos 4 ... cos 2 1
2 sin
N
N

1 +
+ + +
1
]
(shown)
8 (a) Express
1
2
(3 4 ) x + as a series of descending powers of x, up to and including the
third non-zero term, simplifying the coefficients. State the set of values of x for
which the series expansion is valid. [4]
(b) Given that
sin cos
sin cos
x x
y
x x
+

, show that
2
d
1 0
d
y
y
x
+ + .
Hence, find the Maclaurins series for y, up to and including the term in
4
x .
[5]
Solution
8(a)
1
2
1 1
2 2
3
(3 4 ) (4 ) 1
4
x x
x
_
+ +

,

1
2
2
1 1
2 2
( 1)
1 3 3
(4 ) 1 . ...
2 4 2! 4
x
x x
_

_
+ + +


,
,
[Turn Over
8

1
2
2
3 9
2 1 ...
8 128
x
x x
_
+ +

,

3 1 1
2 2 2
3 9
2 ...
4 64
x x x

+ +
Expansion is valid for
3 3
1
4 4
x
x
< >

8(b)
(sin cos ) sin cos x x y x x +
Differentiate wrt x,
d
(sin cos ) (cos sin ) cos sin
d
y
x x x x y x x
x
+ +
d (cos sin ) cos sin
d (sin cos ) sin cos
y x x x x
y
x x x x x
+
+

2 2
d d
1 1 0 (shown)
d d
y y
y y
x x
+ + +
2
2
d d
2 0
d d
y y
y
x x
+
2
3 2
3 2
d d d
2 2 0
d d d
y y y
y
x x x
_
+ +

,
4 3 2 2
4 3 2 2
d d d d d d
2 2 . 4 . 0
d d d d d d
y y y y y y
y
x x x x x x
+ + +
4 3 2
4 3 2
d d d d
2 6 . 0
d d d d
y y y y
y
x x x x
+ +

When 0, 1 x y
9

d
1 1 2
d
y
x


2
2
d
4
d
y
x

3
2
3
d
2( 1)( 4) 2(2) 16
d
y
x

4
4
d
2( 1)( 16) 6( 2)( 4) 32 48 80
d
y
x

2 3 4
4 16 80
1 2 ...
2! 3! 4!
y x x x x
2 3 4
8 10
1 2 2
3 3
y x x x x
9 The parametric equations of a curve are given by
( )
2
1
2
4
t
x e t and
t
y e where 0 1 t .
(i) Find
d
d
y
x
and show that
2
2
d
0
d
y
x
< for 0 1 t < [5]
(ii) Sketch the curve and find the value of the area bounded by the curve, the
lines
( )
2
1
2
4
x e and y = 1. [5]
Solution:
( )
2
1
2
4
t
x e t
( ) ( )
2 2
d 1 1
2 2 1
dt 4 2
t t
x
e e
t
y e
d
dt
t
y
e
Thus,
d
d
y
x
=
d
d
d
d
y
t
x
t
=
( )
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
t t
t
t
e e
e
e

[Turn Over
10
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
d d 2
d
d 1
( 1) (2 ) d
2
d
( 1)
t
t
t t t t
t
y e
x
x e
e e e e t
x
e
_

,
_

,
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 3
( 1) (2 ) 2
2
( 1) 1
4 2 1
( 1)
t t t t
t t
t t
t
e e e e
e e
e e
e
_

,
+

< 0 since
2t
e
>1 for 0 1 t <
(ii)
Area R
2 1
4
1
4
( 2)
d Area of rectangle
e
y x

1
2 2
1 1 1
4 4 4
0
(2 2) d ( 2) (1)
t t
e e t e
1

]

2.32178 1.09726
1.22452

2
1.23 units (3 s.f)
y
y=1
1
e -
x
11
10 (a) Find

x
x
e
x
d . [3]
(b) Use the substitution
2
1 t x +
to find
2
1
d
3 1
x
x x +
. [4]
(c) Show that
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x + +

[ ]
3
1
( 2) 3ln( 2) 1
9
x x c + + + . Hence find the
exact value of 3
2
0
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x

+ +

. [5]
Solutions:
10(a)

x
x
e
x
d =

x
x
e
x
d
2
2
= 2
x
e
+ C
10(b)


+C
[Turn Over
Alternatively,
12
10(c) Show that
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x + +

[ ]
3
1
( 2) 3ln( 2) 1
9
x x c + + + . Hence find the
exact value of 3
2
0
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x

+ +

.
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x + +

3 3
1 1 1
( 2) ln( 2) ( 2) d
3 3 2
x x x x
x
+ + +
+

3 2
1 1
( 2) ln( 2) ( 2) d
3 3
x x x x + + +

3 3
1 1
( 2) ln( 2) ( 3)
3 9
x x x c + + + +
[ ]
3
1
( 2) 3ln( 2) 1
9
x x c + + +
3
2
0
2
( 2) ln( 2)d x x x

+ +

3
2
1 0
2 2
1
( 2) ln( 2)d ( 2) ln( 2)d x x x x x x

+ + + + +

[ ]
1
3
3
2
1
( 2) 3ln( 2) 1
9
x x

+ +
' )

[ ]
0
3
1
1
( 2) 3ln( 2) 1
9
x x

+ + +
' )

1 1 1
3ln( ) 1
9 72 2
7 1
ln(2)
72 24
1 _

1
, ]

( )
8 1
3ln(2) 1
9 9
24 7
ln(2)
9 9
1
+ +
1
]
+
=
21 49
ln(2)
8 72

11 The curve C has the equation y = ( ) f x

where
( )
2
f
ax bx c
x
x d
+ +

+
, where a, b, c and
d are constant integer values such that
2
0 ad bd c + .
2
2 3
( 2) ln( 2)d
d 1
ln( 2)
d 2
d 1
( 2) ( 2)
d 3
x x x
u
u x
x x
v
x v x
x
+ +
+
+
+ +

13
The line y = 3x 5 is an asymptote to the curve C whose equation is y = ( ) f x
.
(i) By rewriting ( ) ( ) f
k
x Q x
x d
+
+
where ( ) Q x
is a polynomial of x and k is a
constant, or otherwise, show that a = 3 and b = 3d 5. [3]
(ii) Show that C has two stationary points if and only if c > 5d. [3]
(iii) Hence, using the minimum value of c and finding the value of b, sketch the curve
when d = 1. Your sketch should include all asymptotes, stationary points and axial
intercepts if any. [4]
(iv) Find the equations of asymptotes when C undergoes transformation from ( ) f x
to
( ) 2f 3 x
. [2]
Solution
(i)
2
ax bx c
x d
+ +
+
= 3 5
k
x
x d
+
+
=
( ) ( ) 3 5 x x d k
x d
+ +
+
=
( ) ( )
2
3 3 5 5 x d x k d
x d
+ +
+
By comparing coefficients, a = 3 and b = 3d 5 (Shown)
(ii) 3 5
k
y x
x d
+
+
( )
2
d
3
d
y k
x
x d

+
For stationary points,
d
d
y
x
= 0,
Since c = k 5d
k = c + 5d
[Turn Over
14
( )
2
5
3 0
c d
x d
+

+
( )
2
3 5 x d c d + +
For 2 stationary points,
5 0
5
c d
c d
+ >
>
(Shown)
15
(iii) When d = 1, c > 5
Therefore the minimum value of c is 6
b = 3(1) 5 = 8
Hence sketch the graph of
( )
2
3 8 6
f
1
x x
x
x
+

Both asymptotes -
Both turning points -
Axial intercept, (0, -6) -
Shape -
(iv) When ( ) ( ) f 2f 3 x x
1. Transformation of 3 units in the positive x-direction
2. Scaling of factor 2 in the positive y-direction
Oblique asymptote: ( ) 2 3 3 5 6 28 y x x 1
]

Vertical asymptote: x = 1 + 3 = 4
[Turn Over
y = 3x 5
x
y
0
x = 1
16
12 (a) Relative to the origin O, position vectors of A, B and C are a, b and c respectively
where a, b and c are non-parallel vectors. D is the mid-point of AB and E is the
point of trisection of AC nearer C. The line BE meets line DC at point F. Show that
the position vector of F is ( )
1
2
4
+ + a b c . [5]
Solution:
By Ratio theorem, ( )
1
2
OD + a b
uuur
and
2
3
OE
+ _

,
c a
uuur

( ) 1 OF OE OB +
uuur uuur uuur
( )
2 1
1
3 3
+ + c a b
OF OC
uuur uuur
+ ( ) 1 OD
uuur
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
2 2
+ + c a b
Since a, b and c are non-parallel vectors,
( ) ( )
2 1 1 1
; 1 ;1 1
3 3 2 2

3 1
,
4 2

( )
1
2
4
OF + + a b c
uuur
(shown)
E
C
D
B
F
1
1
1

A
2
17
(b) The plane
1

has equation r
1
2 4
0
_

,
g
. The line l passes through the points P and
Q with position vectors
3
11
1
_



,
and
10
7
3
_



,
respectively.
(i) The foot of the perpendicular from P to the plane
1

is given by the
point F(6,5,1). Verify that Q is a point on
1

and hence find a vector

parallel to the reflection of l in
1

.
[4]
(ii) The plane
2

contains the line l and is perpendicular to

1

. Show
that the equation of
2

can be expressed as r
2
1 12
5
_

,
g
.
[2]
(iii) Given that the plane
3

has equation r
1
3 7
5
_

,
g
. Deduce the
geometrical representation of the 3 planes,
1

,
2

and
3

by solving the
systems of linear equations:
2 4
2 5 12
3 5 7
x y
x y z
x y z
+
+
+
[2]
[Turn Over
18
Solution:
11(b)
1

: r
1
2 4
0
_

,
g
.
10 3 7
7 11 4
3 1 2
PQ
_ _

, ,
uuur
l : r =
3
11
1
_



,
+
7
4
2
_

,
respectively.
(i)
10
7
3
_



,
1
2 10 14 4
0
_

+


,
g
Since position vector of Q satisfies equation of
1

, Q lies on
1

.
Using midpoint theorem,
'
2
6 3 9
' 2 2 5 11 1
1 1 1
OP OP
OF
OP OF OP
+

_ _ _




, , ,
uuur uuuur
uuur
uuuur uuur uuur
A vector // to the reflection of l in
1

is
9 10 1 1
' 1 7 8 8
1 3 2 2
QP or
_ _ _ _

, , , ,
uuuur
(ii) Normal to
2

is

2 1
where : direction vector of
1 7 4
2 4 2
0 2 10
n n d d l
_ _ _

, , ,
19
Since P lies in
2

,
Equation of
2

is : r
2 3 2
1 11 1
5 1 5
_ _ _

, , ,
g g
=12 (or using point Q, RHS=
10 2
7 1 12
3 5
_ _

, ,
g
r
2
1 12
5
_

,
g
. (shown)
(iii)
2 4
2 5 12
3 5 7
x y
x y z
x y z
+
+
+
1 2 0 4 1 0 2 0
2 1 5 12 rref 0 1 1 0
1 3 5 7 0 0 0 1
_ _

, ,
uuuur No solution.
The 3 planes form a infinite (right angle) triangular prism.
End of Paper
[Turn Over