WIFI Report

SUMITTED BY:

ADNAN KHAN QAISER ABBAS

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr.ABDUL BASEER Stanford University (London) Email:baser.ilmu@stanford.edu.uk

CONTENT LIST: WIFI..

WIFI TECHNOLOGY

WIFI WORKING WLAN CARD WIFI-CONFIGURATION

WIFI FE nmatched mobility and elasticity

Fortres Technology ADVANTAGES OF WIFI DISADVANTAGES OF WIFI

802.11a Wireless LAN

802.11b 802.11g WPG-120

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WIFI:
wireless local area network: a local area network that uses high frequency radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances
Wifi, is a mechanism for wirelessly connecting electronic devices. A device enabled with Wi-Fi, such as a laptop,PC(personal computer) game console, smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player, can connect to the Internet via a wireless network access point. An access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 ft) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Multiple overlapping access points can cover large areas. A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a PC, smartphone, tablet or games console, can connect to the Internet when within range of a hotspot. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with wireless- walls or as large as many square miles covered by overlapping access points. "Wi-Fi" is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Wi-Fi products that complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperabilitycertification testing successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" designation and trademark.[1]

WIFI TECHNOLOGY
WiFi Technology is a proficient used by mobiles, workplaces, home and computer systems all around the world. WiFi Technology is a spectrum radio technology and OFDM radio technology therefore it is an alternate of wireless LAN. WiFi Technology based on the IEEE 802.11and WiFi Technology Alliance so we can say that it is a synonym of IEEE 802.11. WiFi Technology is executing by remote supervising structure like as security and medicine. Newest entrenched wireless fidelity representations are outfitted by real time operating systems that allow communication by means of serial ports so we can say that WiFi Technology is a standard of communication among wireless devices and computers all over the world There are a number of products existing now which enable to attach with WiFi Technology Networks about the vicinity. At the time of start when WiFi Technology introduced in market no one have so much knowledge about the product or equipments used for WiFi Technology but now it has become well known technology of the era .The product used by WiFi Technology are Wireless access points which make possible and fast access to your priorities , Wireless adapters makes it more sufficient for wok, Wireless routers make traffic clean and quick, Wireless network bridges which enable links, allow PC card, Express Card, USB, Card bus, miniPCI and PCI, Handhelds and PDAs and expand range of wireless repeater.

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Wireless Fidelity (WiFi Technology) provides so much entertainment and information than before with because it enables all devices like PC, games, mp3 player, smart phone, laptop, printer and other tangential. The uses of the WiFi Technology contain any type of WLAN product support any of the 802.11 together with dual-band, 802.11a, 802.11b. WiFi Technology is through accessible hot Spots like Home, Office, WiFi Technology is the trademark of WiFi Technology Alliance which is speedily achieved the

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recognition in the world by means of the access point. These devices tested by the WiFi Technology alliance are used around the world. WiFi Technology use 2.4 GHz radio spectrum for data transfer WiFi Technology reinstate customary wired networks among two or several computers, it facilitated file transferring wires, hubs, networking cards, and other imperative networking connected hardware. WLAN cards and wireless routers make possible broadcasting. WiFi Technology catch wireless networking signals in specified area yet if they are from dissimilar company. The simple design of WiFi Technology makes it easier and user friendly. WiFi Technology is improved simply since no electric wiring is necessary building it a cheaper and quicker network to squash.

Protection can be an apprehension with wireless technologies to monitor unguarded data traffic. WiFi Technology upholds exact security matter. In the data and physical link layers WEP or Wired corresponding Privacy is employed. It was intended to offer the wireless security by defensive the data when a user transmits it from one PC to another. WiFi Technologynetworking generally preserves within a structure premises. As we know that transmission of protected by Wireless LANs but when data travels over the radio waves it may be possible that some one can be expose and capture your secret data. Though, safe design is essential to WiFi Technology networks, users can easily facilitate password safety and traffic encryption by WiFi Technology test, WiFi Technology Detector, wireless WiFi Technology and WiFi Technology scanner.

WiFi Technology has extended extensively inside business and industrial locations. The growing number of WiFi Technology access points supplier network idleness. WiFi Technology support quick roaming and enlarged on the whole network-capacity by defining smaller cells. WiFi Technology also make easy wireless voice-applications which is known as VoWLAN .WiFi Technology have motivated on the way to "thin" because of network intelligence. Centralized network make possible business everywhere, consign individual access role the "dumb" transceivers. Outside submission may exploit mesh topologies. WiFi Technology equipment can provide a safe computer networking as DHCP server, the interruption detection, firewall, and other utilities, so we can say that WiFi Technology is an important and useful technology of the future. Upcoming Years will be merely wireless and with the help of WiFi Technology this idea is achievable. Airports, Hotels, Railway stations, Restaurants etc.[2]

WIFI WORKING
Wi-Fi" is a type of wireless networking protocol that allows devices to communicate without cords or cables.

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1: Wi-fi uses antennas around which wi-fi "hotspots" are created. The hotspots are outlets equipped to receive the radiowaves that power wireless networking. Until recently, wi-fi has been confined to more than 10,000 hot-spots in cafes, bars and airport lounges. But various projects are under way to set up city-wide zones, where a series of antennas are installed in the streets, on lampposts or street signs. The hotspots around them together create a much wider area of coverage. Norwich has a mesh network which links each lamppost antenna to the next creating a seamless wi-fi hotspot around the centre of the city.

2: The source internet connection is provided by a PC or server to which the antennas are connected either wirelessly or via a cable. 3: Some mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDA) now have wi-fi chips installed. With mobile phones, this means conventional networks can be bypassed and inexpensive long-distance calls made over the web (using Voice over Internet Protocol, VoIP).

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4: Many laptops and handheld computers now come with built-in wi-fi connectivity; it is also possible to add wi-fi to your computer with a special card that plugs into a port on your laptop. Some organizations provide it for free but maximums provide it for business purpose only. And you have to give a password to access this kind of network.[3]

WLAN CARD
A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the network. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE 802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.[4]

WIFI CONFIGURATION
1. Enter IP 192.168.1.1, in Internet Explorer after connecting the router as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability) 2. Enter User Name Password as before(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability): i.e. admin, admin

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3. Click Tab Interface Setup shown below:

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a) Click Internet, you will find page as given below:

Configure PVCs, Enter Username & Password as earlier(As in ADSL Router without wifi capability), and Click save button. b) To configure Wireless setting Click Wireless Tab and you will get window as given below:

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* Activate Access Port radio button (WiFi would not work without it) * Type your SSID. * You can Configure Channel Id. * Select Authentication type by clicking combo box and enter KEY in required format. You can filter/allow Mac address by activating wireless MAC address filter as desired by clicking Activated tab. You have to enter the mac address of your WIFI card installed in your laptop/computer. Upto 8 MAC can be allowed or denied. Click Save Button. As below one USER is allowed to access the WiFi Service from this Access point. i. e. 00:14:A4:19:74:8C. If you enter WiFi Card MAC addresses of other Laptops/Computers (Maximum 8 Laptops/Computers are allowed)

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Click Save Button. C) To configure LAN(Local Area Network) settings like DNS, DHCP Click LAN TAB as shown below:

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Click Save Button. IMPORTANT:

1.

SSID The SSID is a unique name to identify the ADSL Router in the wireless LAN. Wireless clients associating to the ADSL Router must have the same SSID.

Broadcast SSID Select No to hide the SSID such that a station can not obtain the SSID through passive scanning. Select Yes to make the SSID visible so a station can obtain the SSID through passive scanning.

2.

Wireless LAN :: WEP WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network. Select Disable to allow all wireless computers to communicate with the access points without any data encryption.Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to use data encryption. Key#1~Key#4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WEP key for data transmission.If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 Characters each key (1-4). If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 characters for each key (1-4).The values must be set up exactly the same on the Access Points as they are on the wireless client stations. The same value must be assigned to Key 1 on both the access point (your ADSL Router) and the client adapters, the same value must be assigned to Key 2 on both the access point and the client stations and so on, for all four WEP keys. Wireless LAN :: WPA-PSK Wi-Fi Protected Access, pre-shared key. Encrypts data frames before transmitting over the wireless network. Pre-shared Key The Pre-shared Key are used to encrypt data. Both the ADSL Router and the wireless clients must use the same WPA-PSK key for data transmission. Key Length 8 64 characters.

3.

Wireless LAN :: MAC Filter You can allow or deny a list of MAC addresses associated with the wireless stations access to the ADSL Router. Status Use the drop down list box to enable or disable MAC address filtering.[5]

WIFI FE nmatched mobility and elasticity

Fortress Technology

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Wi-Fi, is allowing new intensity of connectivity without giving up functions. Wi -Fi introduced various types of utilities such music streamers that transmit your music to speakers without any wire you can also play music from the remote computer or any other attached to the network. The most important now you can play online radio. Wifi technology system is rather remarkable, you can download songs, send email and transfer files expediently at sky-scraping speed and you can move your computer easily because your WiFi network has no cable to disrupt your work so we can say that it is quite easy, helpful and most of all expedient.

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WiFi providing secure wireless solutions support the growth and release of a prototype mobile ad hoc wireless network for use in the wireless strategic skirmish. Support an entire age bracket. WiFi technology has several advantages it support an entire age bracket and create a connection between components on the same network and have ability to transfer data between the devices and enable different kind of devices such as game, MP3 player, PDAs and much more! It's convenient and every where WiFi is a convenient technology and where the range station exists you are online during travel you can equip with a Wi-Fi network and set up shop anyplace. You will automatically connect with internet if you are near hotspot. These days WiFi exist every where with all its wonders. More faster and secure With WiFi you can get high speed of internet because it is very fast than DSL and Cable connection you can establish a Wifi network in small space now you dont need any professional installation just connect to a power outlet with an Ethernet cord, and start browsing. WiFi security system for Threats makes it more renewable and its tool protect your VPN and secure web page. You can easily configure the device to take better performance. The standard devices, embedded systems and network security make it more powerful.[6]

ADVANTAGES OF WIFI
WiFi uses unlicensed radio spectrum and does not require regulatory approval for individual deployers.

It allows local area networks (LANs) to be setup with cabling. The can reduce associated costs of network connection and expansions. Places where cables cannot be run, such as outdoor areas and historical buildings can use wireless LANs. WiFi products are extensively available in the market. There are different brands of access points and user's network interfaces are able to inter-operate at a very basic service level. Prices are considerably lower as competition amongst vendors' increases. WiFi networks can support roaming. This allows mobile users with laptop computer to be able to move from one access point to another. Numerous access points and network interfaces support various degrees of encryption to protect traffic from interception.

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1 DISADVANTAGES OF WIF
Due the fact that WiFi are still relatively new, there are considerably more disadvantages to users. Let's have a look at them: The use of WiFi band that is 2.4 GHz does not require a license in most countries provided that is stays below limit of 100mW and one accepts interference from other sources; including interference which causes the users devices to no longer function. The spectrum assignments and operational limitations are not consistent worldwide. Power consumption is fairly high compared to some other standards, making the battery life and heat a concern to some users.

WiFi uses the unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum, which often crowded with other devices such as Bluetooth, microwave ovens, cordless phones, or video sender devices, and among many others. This may cause degradation in performance. WiFi networks have limited range. A typical WiFi home router might have a range of 45m (150ft) indoors and 90m (300ft) outdoors. Ranges may also vary as WiFi is no exception to the physics of radio wave propagation with frequency band. The most common wireless encryption standard, wired equivalent privacy or WEP has been shown to be breakable even when it has been correctly configured. Access points could be used to steal personal and confidential information transmitted from WiFi consumers. Intervention of a closed or encrypted access point with other open access points on the same or a nearby channel can prevent access to the open access points by others in the area. It poses a high problem in highdensity areas such as large apartment blocks where many residents are operating WiFi access points.

Inter-operability issues between brands or deviations can cause limited connection or lower output speeds. Free access points can be used by the malicious to anonymous to initiate an attack that would be extremely difficult to track beyond the owner of the access point.[7]

802.11a Wireless LAN

The IEEE 802.11a standard specifies an OFDM physical layer (PHY) that splits an information signal across 52 separate subcarriers to provide transmission of data at a rate of 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, or 54 Mbps. The 6, 12, and 24 Mbps data rates are mandatory. Four of the subcarriers are pilot subcarriers that the system uses as a reference to disregard frequency or phase shifts of the signal during transmission. A

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pseudo binary sequence is sent through the pilot subchannels to prevent the generation of spectral lines. The remaining 48 subcarriers provide separate wireless pathways for sending the information in a parallel fashion. The resulting subcarrier frequency spacing is 0.3125 MHz (for a 20 MHz with 64 possible subcarrier frequency slots). The primary purpose of the OFDM PHY is to transmit Media Access Control (MAC) protocol data units (MPDUs) as directed by the 802.11 MAC layer. The OFDM PHY is divided into two elements: the physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) and the physical medium dependent (PMD) sublayers. The MAC layer communicates with the PLCP via specific primitives through a PHY service access point. When the MAC layer instructs, the PLCP prepares MPDUs for transmission. The PLCP also delivers incoming frames from the wireless medium to the MAC layer. The PLCP sublayer minimizes the dependence of the MAC layer on the PMD sublayer by mapping MPDUs into a frame format suitable for transmission by the PMD. Under the direction of the PLCP, the PMD provides actual transmission and reception of PHY entities between two stations through the wireless medium. To provide this service, the PMD interfaces directly with the air medium and provides modulation and demodulation of the frame transmissions. The PLCP and PMD communicate using service primitives to govern the transmission and reception functions. Figure 1 illustrates the frame format for an 802.11a frame. The PLCP preamble field is present for the receiver to acquire an incoming OFDM signal and synchronize the demodulator. The preamble consists of 12 symbols. Ten of the symbols are short for establishing Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and the coarse frequency estimate of the carrier signal. The receiver uses the long symbols for fine-tuning. With this preamble, it takes 16 microseconds to train the receiver after first receiving the frame.[8]

802.11b
802.11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit/s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard. 802.11b products appeared on the market in early 2000, since 802.11b is a direct extension of the modulation technique defined in the original standard. The dramatic increase in throughput of 802.11b (compared to the original standard) along with simultaneous substantial price reductions led to the rapid acceptance of 802.11b as the definitive wireless LAN technology. 802.11b devices suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band. Devices operating in the 2.4 GHz range include: microwave ovens, Bluetooth devices, baby monitors, and cordless telephones.

802.11g
In June 2003, a third modulation standard was ratified: 802.11g. This works in the 2.4 GHz band (like 802.11b), but uses the same OFDMbased transmission scheme as 802.11a. It operates at a maximum physical layer bit rate of 54 Mbit/s exclusive of forward error correction codes, or about 22 Mbit/s average throughput.802.11g hardware is fully backwards compatible with 802.11b hardware and therefore is encumbered with legacy issues that reduce throughput when compared to 802.11a by ~21 The then-proposed 802.11g standard was rapidly adopted by consumers starting in January 2003, well before ratification, due to the desire for higher data rates as well as to reductions in manufacturing costs. By summer 2003, most dual-band 802.11a/b products became dual-band/tri-mode, supporting a and b/g in a single mobile adapter card or access point. Details of making b and g work well together occupied

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much of the lingering technical process; in an 802.11g network, however, activity of an 802.11b participant will reduce the data rate of the overall 802.11g network. Like 802.11b, 802.11g devices suffer interference from other products operating in the 2.4 GHz band, for example wireless keyboards. 802.11-2007 In 2003, task group TGma was authorized to "roll up" many of the amendments to the 1999 version of the 802.11 standard. REVma or 802.11ma, as it was called, created a single document that merged 8 amendments with the base standard. Upon approval on March 8, 2007, 802.11REVma was renamed to the then-current base standard IEEE 802.11-2007. 802.11n 802.11n is an amendment which improves upon the previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output antennas (MIMO). 802.11n operates on both the 2.4 GHz and the lesser used 5 GHz bands. The IEEE has approved the amendment and it was published in October 2009. Prior to the final ratification, enterprises were already migrating to 802.11n networks based on the wifi alliancee's certification of products conforming to a 2007 draft of the 802.11n proposal.[9]

WPG-120
WPG-120 Wireless G Presentation Gateway lets you wirelessly connect your notebook or desktop PC to any projector or monitor. It supports resolutions up to 1024x768 for your presentations and 640x480 for near DVD-quality full-motion video so they are displayed in crisp, clear detail. Enables four wireless users to easily display their presentations without swapping cables at the same time With 802.11B/G WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY it effortlessly takes your presentations anywhere. Experience dynamic, interactive meetings when you easily change presenters WITHOUT SWAPPING CABLES. Download the software driver directly from the unit. There's no more need to install devices prior to your meeting. Supports any projector, LCD TV or any large screen display with a VGA connector. Supports Wireless Encyrption 64/128-bit WEP, WPA TKIP(PSK), WPA2-AES(PSK)[10]

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Simply plug the WPG-120 into the projector VGA connector and start using the convenient presentation application. The WPG-120 applies the latest generation screen projection technology. Moreover, the WPG-120 enables four wireless users to project their presentations in the main screen at the same time which brings higher efficient presentations. The WPG-120 Adapter acts as an access point, broadcasting a wireless signal. Simply connect your wireless laptop or desktop to this access point, install the application and now you can view your presentation wirelessly through the projector. WPG-120 Wireless G Presentation Gateway lets you wirelessly connect your notebook or desktop PC to any projector or monitor.

Mvix USA Wireless VGA Presentation Gateway and Wifi Projector Adapter, Model: WPG-120
Simply plug the WPG-120 into the projector VGA connector and start using the convenient presentation application. The WPG-120 applies the latest generation screen projection technology. Moreover, the WPG-120 enables four wireless users to project

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their presentations in the main screen at the same time which brings higher efficient presentations. The WPG-120 Adapter acts as an access point, broadcasting a wireless signal. Simply connect your wireless laptop or desktop to this access point, install the application and now you can view your presentation wirelessly through the projector. Features:

Web-Based GUI and Control Panel for easily configuration 4-to-1 Split Screen Projection High Performance Screen Projection Supports 64/128-bit WEP, WPA TKIP(PSK), WPA2-AES(PSK) Auto Power Manager Supports Win-XP Virtual Desktop Projection Quality Option Make PnS Token Hide Utility Panel Wireless Profile Management

Application:

Supports 4-to-1 Split application and Faster speed by the WLAN Just plug the WPG-120 into the projector VGA connector and start using the PLANET convenient presentation application. The WPG-120 applies the latest generation screen projection technology. It provides the smoothest screen work by wireless projection. Moreover, the WPG-120 enables four wireless users to project their presentations in the main screen at the same time which brings higher efficient presentations. Standard: IEEE 802.11b/g Operating System: Windows 2000 / XP / Vista RF Output Power (Max): -11b mode Tx power 17.5 dBm @11Mbps - 11g mode Tx power 14.0 dBm @54Mbps Antenna: 1 x built-in 2dBi Dipole Antenna Data Encryption: 64 bit / 128 bit WEP, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK Frequency: 2.412GHz - 2.484GHz Supported Output Resolution: SVGA (800x600)/ XGA (1024x768) Data Rate

11Mbps Max - 54Mbps Max @802.11g Receiver 11b CCK - 11g OFDM 54Mbps -65dbm VGA Connector: D-Sub (15-pin)

@802.11b

11.0Mbps

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Sensitivity: -80dbm

LED Indicators: PWR Max wireless user: Up to 32[11]

REFRENCES LINKS
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

[2] http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/wifi-technology.html [3] http://topone2u.blogspot.com/2011/01/hack-any-password-protected-wi-fi.html [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN [5] http://mtnldelhi.in/services/wifi_configuration.htm [6] http://www.wifinotes.com/wifi-features.html

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[8] http://www.vocal.com/redirect/802_11a.html

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[7] www.bwif.org/wifi

1 [9]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11 [10] www.mvixusa.com/.../wpg120 [11] cisco 684-690 book writer Garay .L.clark

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