Campus III - Leopoldina

Dennis Brown Germiniasi Vinicius Martins Almeida

Campus III - Leopoldina

The study of the vocaburay used on tecnical field.

Campus III - Leopoldina

Local:Beneath England and France Length:50 km Lowest poit at: 75km Longst undersea portion 37,9 Km undersea Eurostar passengers

Picture 1: The tunnel connection

Considered

by the American Socity of Civil Engineers as one of the seven Wonders of the Modern World

Campus III - Leopoldina

The excavations took seven years and

employed 15000 workers, being the operation surveyed in the both side in the same time.

The main builder was TransManche Link, a

consortium that had the participation of 15 companies and 5 banks of both countries.

Picture 2: The TBM

Campus III - Leopoldina

It

was used big machines like TBM(tunnel boring machines).These machines were almost mobile factory that opened the tunnel, they removed the land drained the wall with cement. Almost 4 million meters cubic of cal were excavated only on the English side; the biggest part was lied on the ocean at Shakespeare Cliff, near Folkstone.

Campus III - Leopoldina

The French effort required five TBMs: two main marine machines, one main land machine (the short land drives of 3 km allowed one TBM to complete the first drive then reverse direction and complete the other), and two service tunnel machines. On the English side, the simpler geology allowed faster openfaced TBMs. Six machines were used, all commenced digging from Shakespeare Cliff, three marine-bound and three for the land tunnels.

Picture 3: The TBM

Campus III - Leopoldina

The Manche Tunnel is constructed by 3 parallels tunnels, one of them is the access and the both others are the rail. The access tunnel is served by minor vehicles is linked through the transversals passengers in regular intervals that permit maintenance workers had access to the mains tunnels to provide an emergency exit when it happens an accident.

Picture 4: Tunnel section

Campus III - Leopoldina

The objective was to construct: two 7.6-metre diameter rail tunnels, 30 meters apart, 50 kilometers in length; a 4.8-metre diameter service tunnel between the two main tunnels; pairs of 3.3-metre diameter crosspassages linking the rail tunnels to the service tunnel at 375-metre spacing; piston relief ducts 2-metre diameter connecting the rail tunnels at 250-metre spacing; two undersea crossover caverns to connect the rail tunnels.

Picture 5: Tunnel section with trains

Campus III - Leopoldina

Positive arguments: The undersea solo had good impermeability; Easy to escave; Strenght;

The English side was easier to construct than French side; Pilot tunnel; 3,3 Km under land on French side; 9,3 Km under land on UK side;
Picture 6:An area sight of the tunnel in England.

The longst undersea portion even Seikan Tunnel in Japan

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The avarage depth is 45 m below the seabed That was expected about 5 million m to spoil, they used only 1 milion The enviroment

Picture 7:The depth of constrution

Campus III - Leopoldina

Campus III - Leopoldina

The meeting of the both parts of the tunnel happened in 1 December, at 40 meters deep ocean in a crossover(a way that passengers can move tunnel to other tunnel) ,became possible walk on dry floor from England to Europe in first time since de glaciations, about 13 thousand years ago. The British end French using calculus method an lazer met with 2 cm of error.
The tunnel was officially inaugurated for the British queen Elisabeth II and for the President Franois Mitterrand, at May 6 of 1994.

Picture 8:The inaugutarion

Campus III - Leopoldina

This work helped the classmates to see how difficult a search is in English idiom. Besides learning a new vocabulary, a technical study about the specifications was done. In the case of this work, the double had a chance to practice the listening parts, because it was brought a video that showed some parts of the Eurotunnel construction.

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The end!