Jennifer Lam 12.

3 Environment Social Science

Seed Germination
How will the amount of water provided to the plant affect germination rate by calculating the length of radicles after germination?

Jennifer Lam 12.3 Environment Social Science Introduction: Seed germination is the growing process of the embryonic plant. When the germination is processing, the seed will be absorbing the water and later on the seed coat will start to soften and burst. Inside the seed coat, enzymes will start to activate. While plant cells are duplicating itself and respiration takes action. When the embryo started to enlarge, chemical energy is stored as starch and converts to glucose. Then the primary root emerges out for the soil to stabilize its place. Furthermore, it enables the plant to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. It will then transform into stems and grow leafs to carry out photosynthesis. In the richest quality of factors seed germination tends to grow healthily. However, it depends on few essential factors, they are the quality and amount of water, sunlight, temperature, oxygen and etc. Aim: For this experiment, attempting to find the length of the plant from seed coat to the tip of the root by increasing the amount water for the plant. Ergo, to investigate the relationship between the factors and the plant. All of the factors that could affect the seeds growth are very important to it. In this experiment, it will be based on the water element. It is used to activate the enzymes during the germination. It can also affect the speed of softening and bursting the seed coat that allow the radicles and shoot out from the seed. Water will effectively breakdown the compounds in the seeds. Also, water is essential to carry out vigorous metabolism. Hypothesis: It is predicted that if the amount of water given to the plant increases, the rate of germination will decrease. Supplying adequate amount of water to the plant would enable it to grow healthily. If giving less than average amount of water to the plant, it will lead the seed coat unable to be soften furthermore, enzymes will not be activated. Since most of the water will turn into water vapors through evaporation. Also, providing excess amount of water, the soil will become saturated and it will displace the oxygen in the soil. This will lead to the soil lack of oxygen to provide for the seed. Thereby, the seed without oxygen it will not carry out germination since oxygen is an essential element for seeds to carry respiration that it helps reserved food release energy. It is considered that when the amount of water increases, the rate of germination will decrease. Although the length of the plant will grow longer while the amount of water increase. If providing excess amount of water and in adequate amount of the plant needs, the length of the plant will be shorter. Independent Variable: Amount of water Water is a very important element for the seed germination, since it could affect the result of the whole experiment. The amount of water will be measured by measuring cylinder. Each 5ml will be added more respectively.

Jennifer Lam 12.3 Environment Social Science Dependent Variable: The rate of radicles can represent the rate of germination. Since it would emerge and grow long when seed germination takes places. Thereby, it will be measured in a constant time and from the tip of the seed coat to the tip of the root. After, dividing the average length of the radicles (by 7 days time), germination rate can be observed. Method of Controlling The experiment has to conduct at the same place. When collecting results from the experiment, where the experiment took place will still stay there. Since this experiment have to meet the fair test requirements. Cotton wool will replace soil in this experiment. Since soil have many different kinds of minerals, its pH level might affect the result on the germination process. The amount of light expose to the plant will be the same everyday. Since the experiment will be conducted in the same place. Light intensity helps plants to carry out photosynthesis. Therefore, the more light expose to the plant the more photosynthesis will be carry out. This will lead to the plant grow faster as usual. To eliminate this situation, the experiment will conduct in the same place. To meet the fair test requirements as possible. Types of water: Distilled water will be used. Since the pH level of the water it has to stay by 7. If using different types of water, it may contain different kinds of minerals which this may affect the result of the germination. This experiment will conduct in a room

Rate of Germination

Control Variables: Environment

Light intensity

Water

Temperature

Jennifer Lam 12.3 Environment Social Science temperature.(25C) Since the temperature rises, the enzymes would be more easy to activate. Then this will not be a fair test. Oxygen Oxygen is to help to break down the food that installed in the seed. Therefore it has to keep constant at the oxygen rate of 21%. The same type of seeds has to be used. Since different type of seeds might include different amount or ratio of the enzymes and hormones. Therefore, the green beans is selected to carry out the experiment. The size of the green beans must be similar. Since larger green beans might contain larger amount of hormones. In order to carry out a fair test, this factor will also be controlled. Apparatus: Cotton Distilled water Green beans 10 Small beakers (for two trails) Measuring Cylinder Air conditioner (25C) Labels Method: 1. Lay some cotton wools on the beakers bottom. 2. Measure out 5ml of distilled water and pour into the beaker that contains cotton wool 3. Place 5 green beans on the cotton wools (in the breaker) 4. Label the breaker that how many water is added into it 5. Repeat steps from one to four and changing the amount of water each time respectively. (10ml, 15ml, 20ml, 25ml) 6. Place it in room temperature area 7. In every 24 hours add the same amount of water that is labeled on the breaker. 8. After one week of time (168 hours), measure the length of the radicles in each beaker

Seed

Jennifer Lam 12.3 Environment Social Science 9. Collecting the result then calculate the average radicles rate 10. At last use the result and divide the average length of the radicles by 7 days amount of hours.