ETAP 5.

0
Transformer MVA Sizing

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc.

Transformer MVA Sizing

Based on ANSI C57 and IEC 60076 standards Considers multiple cooling stages and transformer types (3-phase & 1-phase) Considers altitude correction factors Considers temperature correction factors Load variation Considers short-circuit impedance requirements Use connected load or operating load to size the transformer
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 2

MVA Sizing Page

Transformer MVA Loading Short-Circuit Impedance limits

Correction Factors & Load Variation

Sizing Results Section Larger Required Smaller Impedance

Consider Growth Factor for Max. MVA

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Temperature Correction
Ambient temperature in degree Celsius For air cooled transformers use the air ambient temperature For water cooled transformers use the water temperature Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Altitude Correction
Derate the transformer capacity based on altitude of the installation Derating starts above 1000 m or 3300 ft Based on C57.92-1981 and IEC 76-2

800 meter

900 meter

1000 meter

1100 meter

1200 meter

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Load Variation
Growth Factor
Allowance for future load growth

Load Factor
The ratio of the average load to the peak load over a designated period of time Load Factor = 100 x ( kWi x Ti ) / ( kWp x Tt )% Load Factor = 100 x E / ( kWi x Tt )%

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Where: I = interval of time when the load is non-zero kWi = load at interval i Ti = number of hours of interval i kWp = peak load Tt = Ton + Toff Ton = total hours when the load is on Toff = total hours when the load is off E = energy (kWh) consumed by load over the interval

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

Slide 7

Short-Circuit Impedance Size Requirement

Use Primary Short-Circuit kA and FLA to Calculate Impedance Primary 3-Phase FLA = MVA / (kVLL *3) Primary 1-Phase FLA= MVA / (kVprimary) Zcalculated =100*(FLAprimary / ISC_primary)

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Connected or Operating Load

Connected Load
Determine the radial load connected to the transformer secondary Can include spare loads for conservative results

Operating Load
PowerStations load flow program determines the power flow through the transformer Automatically updated in the transformer required MVA field (load flow study case info page option) Can determine loading in radial or looped systems
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 9

Sizing Results and Automatic Updating

Sizing results include MVA and % Z for
Required Size (Actual calculated Size) Next Standard Larger Size Next Standard Smaller Size

Automatically Update the calculated rated MVA, Max MVA and % Z into the Rating page of the transformer
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 10

Transformer MVA Sizing Page Update automatically when you press these buttons

Transformer Rating Page

Transformer Rating Page

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 11

ETAP 5.0
Unit Transformer Sizing

Presented by Farrokh Shokooh

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc.

Unit Transformer Sizing

Based on IEEE C5F-116 Standard Optimize unit transformer turn ratio Consider system voltage variation Consider generation station auxiliary load Automatically detect generator, cable impedance and bus nominal kV Generator reactive vs. capacitive plots Optimization reports
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 13

Transformer Tap Optimization Page

Transformer Impedance Section Primary / Secondary Cable Impedance Generator Information System kV Information

Auxiliary Load Information Optimization Results Section

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

Slide 14

Automatic System Parameter Update

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Primary Fixed Tap Editor

Use 0.1% Tap Step to obtain best Optimization results Set the maximum/minimum fixed tap range

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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MVAR Delivery Curve

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

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Unit Transformer Tap Optimization Reports

Input Data Optimal Tap Position Transformer Power Input and output at different system voltage levels (system voltage variation) Generator Power Output at different system voltage levels Generator and System voltage at different system voltage levels
Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing Slide 18

Copyright 2003 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Transformer Sizing

Slide 19