SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVL2810 ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION & SURVEYING

SURVEY PRACTICAL #4

TRAVERSE
1. INTRODUCTION

The aim of this exercise is to establish the coordinates of a series of benchmarks by carrying out a closed loop traverse. The coordinates will be established by measurement of bearings and distances. Your group will have checked the prism constant for your instrument in the previous distance measuring exercise. 2. EQUIPMENT

Each group should collect the equipment listed below. In addition you will also need three tripods.
TEAM INSTRUMENTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3. BENCHMARKS

OTS635L-1 + Target Set OTS635L-2 + Target Set OTS635L-3 + Target Set OTS635L-4 + Target Set OTS635L-5 + Target Set OTS635L-6 + Target Set OTS635L-7 + Target Set OTS635L-8 + Target Set OTS635L-9 + Target Set OTS635L-10 + Target Set
Table 1 Instrument Listing Per Team

Each team will traverse around the benchmarks listed in Table 2. All benchmarks are marked on the map of the Darlington campus in Appendix 1. GROUP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BENCHMARKS 53, CC, P1, LB, B2, 53 LW, KC, 53, WS, LW AC, TC, CC, CP, OS, AC GF, 65, TG, MG, SSM, GF R1, R2, R3, R4, R1 S1, S2, S3, S4, S1 E1, E2, E3, E4, AE, E1 AE, IT, CA, AG, AE MG, 62, AC, OS, MG JC, O1, M1, SSM, JC
Table 2 Benchmark Listing Per Team

4.

PROCEDURE

a) After collecting the equipment, note the temperature and atmospheric pressure and then proceed to the first benchmark. Carry out a reconnaissance of the area, noting the position of the traverse station. Normally, a diagram would be drawn for each station, with measurements to nearby fixed points of detail, so that the station could be re established if it was damaged or displaced during construction activities.(see the diagram below)

b) Establish the instrument over the start point (A), taking care to centre it as accurately as possible. Enter the temperature and pressure into the Total Station. Enter the prism constant as noted on the reflector set. Remember to measure the height of the theodolite and all reflectors above each of the traverse stations. c) Establish the first target over the next traverse station (B) d) Select a distant referring object (RO), and measure the clockwise horizontal angle from the (RO) to traverse station (B) using both faces. Measure the horizontal distance AB five times and the height difference to the next traverse station B also five times. e) Detach the theodolite from the tribrach, leaving the tripod and tribrach in position over station A. Locate the reflector in the tribrach over station A and relocate the theodolite in the tribrach at station B. f) Establish the second reflector over the next traverse station C. g) Measure the horizontal angle at B using both faces, the horizontal distances BA and BC (five times each), the height differences BA, BC (five times each) and heights of theodolite and reflectors above the ground marks. h) Proceed using the above method until you have occupied all stations. Make sure that you clearly note which of these your Group occupies. i) Finalise your survey by occupying the initial station A once more, measuring a backsight distance and height difference to the last traverse station, and closing the horizontal angle back to your RO, relative to the last traverse station.

Note: Take care with instrument centring, since the sight lengths will be fairly short. The traverse angles should be measured as carefully as possible, to the limit of reading of the instrument used. Traverse lengths should be measured carefully, and at least six readings taken for each line. Forward and backward lengths should agree. Angular misclose for the

complete closed traverse should not exceed, 30 seconds of arc. The coordinates of your start traverse station may be assumed as 10000.000 EAST, 10000.000 NORTH, and Reduced Level 100.000. You will recall from our discussions in class about traverse precision that we will be aiming to achieve a precision of 1/8000, or better.

5.

REPORT

The report should include the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) All angle measurement reductions and checks Calculations of the mean horizontal distances and height differences Calculation of the height misclose and reduced level of traverse stations. Calculation of angular misclose Calculation of linear misclose (as a ratio of total traverse length) Bowditch adjustment of traverse, with final adjusted coordinates Calculation of area enclosed by the traverse Estimate the accuracy of your coordinates and justify the estimate Comments and conclusions on the results of this exercise.

Reports for this exercise are due four weeks after the first traverse session. That means for C groups, your report will be due in Week 13 and for A groups in Stuvac. Each team should submit one report. Reports are to be submitted online via Blackboard four weeks after the commencement of the first traverse session (11AM or 2PM, Monday or Wednesday depending on your timetable.) Reports need to be submitted by one team member only. Reports should be submitted in PDF format only using the following file name: Civl2810_Survey_Exercise_Team Number.pdf (e.g. Civl2810_Survey_Angles_M11A05.pdf)

APPENDIX 1 Map of Benchmark Locations

APPENDIX 2: DISTANCE MEASUREMENT OTS635L Remember to initialise the theodolite before using the EDM capability. (See the procedure from distance measurement) (a) To input atmospheric correction, press EDM key, then press F3 key. Press F1 to input temperature and pressure ( C and hPa). Press F4 to save. Correction is small unless temp/pressure differ greatly from standard values. (Note: 1 hPa = 1 mb) (b) To set prism constant, press EDM key, then F2 to show set value (default is zero) Press F1 and input correction, if necessary, then F4 to save the setting. (c) To set distance measurement mode, press EDM key, then F1 key for FINE (1mm) mode. Press F4 to save. (d) To measure distances, press DISP twice, point to reflector, press F1 key twice. Display shows * when EDM is working. The measured distances HD and VD are shown. Press ESC to clear the result. (e) Note: if the message TILT OVER is shown for vertical angle display, the levelling needs to be corrected since the automatic tilt compensator is out of range.

APPENDIX 3: HEIGHT DIFFERENCE USING EDM

CIVL2810 Engineering Construction & SURVEYING

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT EDM

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CIVL2810 ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND SURVEYING TRAVERSE BOOKING SHEET

NAME:___________________________ GROUP: ________________________ DATE: __________________________

TEMPERATURE: _____________________________ PRESSURE: _____________________________ STATION: _____________________________ HEIGHT OF TOTAL STATION: _____________________________

BACKSIGHT READINGS Height of Reflector:___________

FORESIGHT READINGS Height of Reflector:___________

Horizontal From ___ to ___

Vertical From ___ to ___

Horizontal From ___ to ___

Vertical From ___ to ___

Mean:

Mean:

Mean:

Mean:

HORIZONTAL ANGLES Observer At To FL FR Mean

SUMMARY

Horizontal Distance _____ to _____ is __________ Horizontal Distance _____ to _____ is __________ Reduced Level of _____ is __________ Reduced Level of _____ is __________ Horizontal Angle at _____ is __________