The term "medium" has various meanings.

Its original idea is an intervening substance, as air, through which a force acts or an effect is produced. Orhrough the decades, people have pondered on one question: What is the most advanced and effective medium for transmitting ideas? Basically, it can be divided into two main categories: modem and traditional. Personally, a book, the most popular and "old-fashioned" medium, is the root from which all-modem forms of media stem. Thinking of the media, comics, radio and TV programs, and films will generally spring to mind. Admittedly, these kinds of new fancy forms do have their utility, to some extent. Compared with print media, new fancy forms are more visually stimulating, may have more entertainment value, and may be more efficient. However, a book can realistically contain much more information than that in new fancy forms. ~aving defined "medium" as simply a means of conveying information, the only real difference between modern and traditional forms is the way that people use them, rather than the information they convey. But learning consists of two separate components: Obtaining information and understanding it. Owhat modern media tends to do is merely to entertain people, and even then, only briefly. Besides, a huge amount of information available through modern media is not all that useful for the real world. 8 0ften, before using that information, people should be clear on what they are looking for. Books are better for people looking for something specific. Besides supplying information, books offer the most traditional and classic way to get information and improve oneself. Even better, through reading, people can also connect to the physical pages of the book. To sum up, reading books, even holding a book in one's hands, enables one to experience the fantastic sensation of a traditional and valuable culture that has existed for countless years. As Francis Bacon once said, "Books are the ladders of progress for mankind."

Throughout history, predominantly middle-class white women have led feminist movements in Western Europe and North America. The question of whether both genders should be treated equally has been a source of heated discussion. One specific issue is: Should schools and universities balance the number of male and female students? Personally, I am not in favor of this viewpoint. 8 Generally, the term "feminism" can be used to describe a political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protections for women. Feminism has driven political, cultural and sociological theories, as well as philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference. It is also a movement that advocates gender equality for women and campaigns for women's rights and interests. However, the real meaning of feminism is often distorted by some people's misunderstandings. In fact, the number of female students at schools and universities is not a real reflection of gender equality or inequality in society. Even if the numbers were equal, the result would be nothing more than symbolic. In other words, gender equality is not a number's issue, but rather concerns true respect for women. Compared with all other forms of discrimination, gender discrimination is the most serious one. Admittedly, gender balance in schools does present some benefits to women, allowing them to learn teamwork, to develop physically and psychologically, and to cultivate interpersonal relations. Nevertheless, if we conclude that this is the meaning of sex equality, then it is simply another victory for male chauvinism. Overall, politicians and experts should prudently reconsider the issue of gender equality. Alleviating symptoms will not cure the disease hidden deep within the organ. They should regard the proportion of male and female students in schools as a starting point, instead of a finishing line.

What is happiness? How do we achieve it? The definition of happiness varies across different classes. 0 One can conceive of two types of happiness: material and spiritual. My opinion is this: The spiritual happiness is much more vital than that of material and doing is much more fundamental than imagining. First of all, a happy person is not a person in a certain set of circumstances, but a person with a certain set of attitudes. In other words, it is difficult for anyone to accomplish what he wants to without a great deal of effort. (I After a long and arduous effort, though he may accomplish what he has hoped, there is nothing left but suffering and pain, because of the enormous effort expended. This trap can be easily avoided. To reach the happiness they seek, the only thing they should do is to change their attitude toward happiness, namely, the way they look at the world around them. Second, happiness exists not in having or being, but rather in doing. Most people try to find their unique happiness through imagination and daydreams. Obviously, everyone fantasies sometimes.Cl But, without actions, no one can come close to finding the happiness he seeks. Happiness and bliss cannot be found merely through daydreams, but must be sought through actions, through doing. Cl In summary, happiness is more attainable than people might expect. People ought not to waste time and effort searching for peace, contentment, and joy in the world outside. There is no happiness in having or in getting, but only in giving. People must reach out, share, smile, and hug one another. Happiness is a perfume one cannot pour on others without getting a few drops on oneself.

What delectation may we get from professional sports stars, visually or spiritually? And how could people measure the value of something "invisible"? Facing these seemingly simple questions, people tend to ask another question: Is it fair for muscular men to have higher salary than other professions? Before we dig out the answer, it is a must to answer two questions that are mentioned at the very beginning. ~t is widely acknowledged that everyone lives by selling something. Clln light of the statement, sportsman earns fortunes and reputations depending on their diligence and talents. However, how can we scale the worth of it? Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which sportsmen perfonn for us. Orhere are times when we would willingly sacrifice almost everything we possess to meet our requirements. Yet we might grudge spending a fee for the basic needs in daily life. The conditions of society are such that skills (sportsman's perfonnances) have to be measured in the same way as goods are measured at supermarkets. Finally and naturally, more fans, higher pay. Moving on to the second question: the fair or unfair issue. the only certainty in the nniverse is that nothing is certain. Namely, anything exists in a relative situation. Fair or equal issue is not an exception. Sportsmen who gain tremendous popularity worldwide can and will earn sufficient money. The dominant factor is that, as public fignres, they have the responsibility to pay attention not only to financial but also social benefits at the same time. Using their public image, they contribute more than average people to society, undoubtedly. In summary, that sportsman earns more money than others is absolutely sensible. What we should be concerned about is the pattern they take.

O"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" will be the first advice for any tourist traveling around the globe. But there is a question that has been bothering me for a while that what is the reason wc travel and the possibility of not traveling. Personally, both sides of the issue should be considered. To some extent, it is necessary for tourists to imitate the local behaviors just like the natives: 8 First and foremost, it is fun for all travelers to do so, such as joining in a march of the street in the Western holiday or tasting some fantastic foods with the traditional Indian clothes on. In other words, it is a good way to feel and understand the local culture by oneself. Second, it is a good way to avoid the offensiveness in the strange places such as never trying to touch someone's head in some Western countries and never carrying eggs in one's pocket when traveling in Turkey. Cl All advice is for nothing but one's pleasant trip and impressive experience. On the contrary, in some particular situations, there is no need and reason to copy whatever the local does: For one thing, it is important to keep one's own personality no matter where he is. In other words, if there are conflicts between one's habits and the local customs, it is a must for tourists to keep and insist on his own hobbies rather than follow the rules in the native situation. For another, what's the worse is that some customs even go against the law and rules nationally

and internationally. It is common sense that adhering to the law and rules is the first priority for all citizens; without it nothing can be done but in chaos. Comparing both the "do's" and "don'ts", it is hard to draw up a conclusion eventually. However, as a tourist, following one's feeling and heart, doing something meaningful for oneself is the key to enjoying one's trip, and this is my conclusion for the issue mentioned above. Technology of intelligent machines improves amazingly with the help of artificial intelligence. Robots, known as steel-collar workers, 'are widely employed in different fields, such as marine research, space exploration and some modern assembly lines. Robots bring about advantages undoubtedly, and meanwhile, they are not as versatile as expected. The advantages of robots are innumerable. 8The employment of robots on assembly lines saves a lot of labor forces. Robots are widely used in developed countries. In Japan, one out of ten thousand workers are robots, which not only improves the working efficiency, but also enhances accuracy. That is the reason why robots are so popular in the automobile industry and electronic production lines. Another merit is that robots can take the place of human beings and work in dangerous environments or places not accessible for people. Human beings have extended their cognition to outer space, where there are considerable unpredictable dangers. Robots can work in any kind of circumstance, no matter how awful the circumstance is. In hospital, robots work as

professional doctors performing operations on patients. Furthermore, robots can work around the clock, never knowing what means to be tired. However, the disadvantages of robots are undeniable. Firstly, human beings design all the robots and other intelligent machines. What robots do is to follow the instructions and pre-set programs set by human beings. If there is something wrong with the electrical circuit or programs, robots will become good-for-nothing machines. Besides, robots cannot work creatively when confronted with complicated situations. In short, robots are subsidiary to human beings. ONo matter how competent they are in various kinds of fields, robots will never take the place of human beings and play a decisive role in people's life and work. According to a recent survey, professional classification has been applied in the last decade among all kinds of jobs. Despite some questions, there are some rules such as gender difference, both physically and psychologically. Is this classification equal and justified? personally, one's capability, instead of other factors, is the very reason for a company to employ a person. Admittedly, respecting the gender equality and ignoring the gender difference are the two main topics for feminists who always advocate the rights of women without any serious thinking. tlHowever, it is ridiculous to neglect the existing difference between men and women such as physical condition, mental attitude and living experience. Thus, it is better and more efficient to

distinguish the capabilities of two genders, and then try to make good use of their powers. When it comes to the classification of professions, there are two main situations: For one thing, some certain jobs do need one gender much more than the other like nurses, house keepers and teachers for the women-side while soldiers, porters and designers for the men-side. C> Companies tend to choose the right employees only because of their abilities rather than their gender, and there is no reason to entitle this gender discrimination at all. Nevertheless, for another, professions that need both sexes to work should supply people with equal opportunity. More importantly, companies should offer equal wages for both men and women in the same position. All in all, the company whose target is benefit uses people to create profits. As the saying goes, "A mice-catching cat is reputed not because of its color, but its capability." Over emphasis of the differentiation is a real shame for feminism indeed. Which gender is more suitable to be the leader of human race throughout history? 0 Are female leaders more superior to male leaders? Can people really rely on gender theory for world peace? The answer is definitely "No" and this essay will focus on this topic. Frankly, throughout the last century, many wars broke out among different countries and races. What can never be denied is that most wars were launched by male leaders, and the most notorious one is Adolf Hitler. In other words, compared with women, men should take more responsibility for the warfare in the twentieth century. However, if women had dominated the world at that time, would there have been fewer wars without question? Apparently, the key to

war is not gender difference but benefit conflict. When it comes to the gender issue, it is better to separate it in order to talk about it: Male leaders have more wisdom, humor, objective logic and creative ideas. ClBesides, they are also splenetic, lusty, greedy and arrogant, so maybe they are easier to be tempted to wage some wars. On the contrary, female leaders are more prudent, sensitive, affectionate and patient, while they are also sentimental, practical, home-oriented and vulnerable; therefore, female leaders may not be the suitable leaders for the whole world. Generally, the root of warfare is nothing but imbalance of benefit distribution. Given a choice beyond gender difference, whoever can balance the benefits and profits worldwide is and will be the one who should maintain world peace. To sum up, I disagree that women are superior to men in leading the world to peace. However, letting women become leaders and rulers of the world has more symbolic meaning, so it should be encouraged to some extent. Many parents want their children to go abroad; even those who don't want their children to go abroad also want their kids to master at least one foreign language at school. Some educationalists believe that the abilities of acquiring languages depend on one's talents to some extent. This essay will explore the reasons for both sides and dig out the answers eventually. For those who believe that students should master some languages besides their native language, there are two main explanations: 8 Firstly, it is more or less an unstoppable trend for

people to catch up with the last train of globalization, which makes learning language a must for "Modem" students. Namely, a good command of foreign languages will be of big help in the future career. ClSecondly, the whole globe has already shrunk into a village because of the use of the Internet, so that people can easily communicate with friends from England or Canada in English or other languages, without which none of this would be possible on Facebook or YouTube. However, even if all students should and would learn languages during their school hours, it would be inhumane to discourage them to do so only because they were less talented. From my own personal experience, many great linguists and language killers use hard work and patience instead of talent. The truth is that not all students should learn a second language in their teenage years. Languages should be a special profession like all other majors, but not a skill like driving or cooking. Thus, those who want to learn can learn it well; meanwhile, those who don't want to learn can avoid it well. In conclusion, the language learning skill is and will be a vital standard for a student as well as for an employee. Nevertheless, not all people should spend time on a foreign language, even should, people can never judge the possibilities by their gift. English and French are international languages that have dominated the lingual world for a

long period as Chinese did many years ago. Lately, Peking University supports a new theory that it is a must to create an international language that could be widely used all over the world. This activity has both pros and cons, obviously. As the international language is currently English, there are two possibilities for people to use it: Firstly, applying an international language enables people to transmit information and communicate with each other more effi.ciently and effectively with less costs. In other words, thanks to a global language like English, people from different regions talk with each other instantly without the help from an interpreter who can speak the target language. Secondly, establishing an international language removes the barriers existing along human history. If everyone in the world could speak this global language, there will be much less misunderstanding and estrangement among the nations. ClMeanwhile, lesser-known languages like Latin are treasures not only for their own race but also for the rest of the world. For one thing, it is a way to reflect the national temperament. Take Chinese for example, so many idioms relating to the history and traditions are still widely used in many brand new ways. For another, language itself is a symbol of different cultures in vivid ways. Without learning and speaking the native language, one can never feel the same thing as a native does while he is traveling around, so at least, learning some basic expressions like "Hello

and Thank you" wherever it is should be respecting manners. To sum up, there is no need to create an international language for communication. In case, we may use English, French or Chinese instead. What should attract more ink from the press is the preservation oflesser-known languages and the existing situations of them at present. Children, the future of the country, can never be spoiled. Which of these two has a greater and deeper influence on them, family or society? Like a coin with two sides, both aspects will be taken into consideration in this essay. From the domestic side, the internal or parental guide has a vital influence on children's growth: For one thing, action speaks louder than words. parents are the best teachers for kids when they are teenagers. 8 In other words, children tend to simulate what they see when they are lack of self-awareness, so to some extent, children are mirrors reflecting their parents' habits. For another, undoubtedly, parents are those who spend most time with their children in their whole lifetime besides their soul mates, which means they care about their own descendants as much as their own lives, although, some parents do spoil their kids without any restrictions. From the social side, the external or practical effects have secondary impact on children's growth: Through schooling, students can master some basic knowledge from teachers and textbooks, which is a symbol of their growth. Owith the basic skills of learning and living, and passion, which is the most valuable thing for youth, it is highly possible for them to explore a brand

new world in the future. Moreover, in society, having his first separate house rental, falling in love with the gi rl he likes and failing in the exam consist of his whole segments in his life. Without frustration, no one can truly be an adult. All in all, parents are more vital for their kids; however, living situations and life experience will also change one's life to some extent. The shortcut to being great parents is to appreciate kids' decisions without placing their unfulfilled dreams on their descendants. Imagine that you are in a car parked on the road during rush hour for more than one hour. What you ponder most is why you are there, killing time at work but losing time with family. This question will be the main topic of the following essay; besides, it will also talk about its effects at the same time. When it comes to the causes of becoming a briefcase-man or a white-collar worker who spends most of the time solving problems at work, three main reasons should be mentioned: Firstly, living in modern society, it is impossible to avoid the pressure from both inside and outside. In other words, people not only care about their own feelings, but also pay more attention to others' judgments, which makes them choose to live like a clock without any rest to gain others' respect. Secondly, the world is full of material stimulation, encouraging people to chase their happiness, materially. GWithout money, no one can live in society in his most-wanted way. Last but

not least, the advances of modern technology enable people to communicate with each other without seeing each other. This is really a tragedy for mankind. If wc spend all our time on the Internet, we will lose so many traditional methods like face-to-face talking and body language. Also, the influence of this issue should never be neglected for society: Because of the cumulative stress from work, people are easily infected with psychological illnesses like anxiety, eccentricity and insonmia. In addition, due to materialism and realism, society as a whole has easily become a money-oriented place, which is no longer familiar to residents living for ages. Finally, over-dependence on telecommunication leads to the lack of recalling traditions and rethinking of the history and culture, which is a shame for all citizens. Naturally, a profession, namely, a job is fundamental for all modern city dwellers without any question. However, the family is the ultimate destination for them indeed. o Animals have been friends or foes of human beings at different stages in human history. In modem times, experiments upon animals have been a breeding ground for heated debate. G Some animal right activists argue that animal experiments should be banned because subjecting animals to experimentation is unwarranted on moral grounds, whereas some others contend that the advancement of science necessitates animal testing. Personally, both sides of the view should be taken into consideration.

Granted, mounting empirical evidence suggests that many animal experiments are performed callously without any heed to the discomfort or pain that laboratory mammals endure. For one thing, improper confinement of the test animals such as locking them up in cramped cages is inhumane; and this, in turn, can severely disrupt the natural biological functions of the test animals. For another, the effects of vaccination or vivisection conducted on live mammals can be chilling. In extreme cases, they constitute sheer torture of animals. Nevertheless, from a more utilitarian standpoint, evidence abounds that animal subje.cts are still an indispensable part of scientific research at this phase of human development. In the first place, drug experimentation on live mammals is, indisputably, far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in determining drug safety. In the second place, in the realm of space research, live animals are still practical alternatives on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts. Lastly, lab research about the behavioral tendencies of chimpanzees, gorillas or other members of the primate group is also a worthy endeavor, in light of the fact that it can consistently advance anthropological and genetic sciences. To conclude, I recognize that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, there are no practical alternatives to this method at the current stage of scientific development. The eco-system goes from bad to worse gradually; animals cannot be an exception

either. The good thing is that all people educated well at schools will agree with the acknowledgement that it is an obligation to protect living creatures. However, few of them take action to protect animals. The reasons for this are various, and I will try to find some evident ones. When it comes to the no-action situation for those advocators of animal protection, three levels should be divided: Firstly, for most people, they do not know or realize the importance of animal protection and the aggravation of the nature. In other words, they do not agree with the movement of animal preservation, because they hold the ideology that they have no reason to take any action, for both humans and animals live happily and peacefully. The second level is much worse. Some people have already learned the seriousness of animals' extinction. tlHowever, their limited abilities force them to ignore this situation and do nothing at all. Without a powerful and constant support, it is easy for anyone to give up the animals' protection individually. The last level is the worst, for the people who know the importance and are capable to change the animals' living conditions effectively neglect the damages of the natural world. The only reason for this is that they see no benefits in this action for themselves in the short run. Based on the analysis above, solutions to the problem are as follows: For the public media like newspapers and TV stations, they should make all efforts to arouse the awareness of the public towards animals' protection and eco-protection. In addition, for local governments,

they should concentrate some funds and human resources on helping animals who are in danger; on the other hand, they also should draw up some regulations and rules to punish those ecosurrounding destroyers, ensuring what they lose is much more than what they gain from ruining the environment. In conclusion, animals, undoubtedly, are the best and the closest friends of human beings, who deserve the best protection and care. What does tourism bring about, acknowledged experience or just narrow-minded life attitudes towards the country tourists visit? This is a tricky question for all travelers before they set out their new trips. A study reveals that more tourists increased their prejudice throughout the trip, so this essay will go to great lengths to dig out the root and find some keys. When it comes to the causes of this phenomenon, three reasons should be pushed to the front: Firstly, when people make a plan to travel, most of them just visit some places of interest during the whole journey, because they have no chance to know the exact living situation of the locals, let alone living like them. Secondly, even if some tourists do hang out with the local acquaintances and friends, but due to language barriers, they are apt to misunderstand what the locals do, believe in and laugh at. GIn other words, m~st iourists conceal their feelings while they are traveling. Last but not least, the already existing stereotype results in the narrowminded

situation sometimes. " If someone lives in certain surroundings for a certain period of time, he or she will form a certain kind of ideology that is hard to be changed during the trip. From what are mentioned above, solutions may be drawn up as follows: For those who are in favor of the evanescent and cursory travel, they should take some time in the traveling to enjoy the in-depth trip just in one place, rather than fooling around all over. For those who are lack of language and other communication skills, they should take some time before traveling to improve or at least make up some ABCs of the native culture or something. For those who are persistent, they should take some time after traveling to rethink and rearrange their life faith, to avoid any pride from oneself or prejudice against others. All in all, traveling is to people what the library is to a bookworm. It is smart to fulfill one's curiosity during the trip accompanied only with freedom. When it comes to international traveling, people tend to expand their horizons with unusual views of attraction globally. However, there is a strange sign that most tourists find that some places they visit look quite similar to those built in their own countries. In this essay, I will analyze its causes and compare the pros and cons. The reasons for people visiting the similar things when traveling around the world can be divided into three sections: Firstly, the whole world is more like a village due to globalization, which makes the earth gradually become a mono-cultural place. In other words, it is the knockoff

in developing countries that leads to the similarities all over the place. Secondly, it is quite common for people to get used to the situations they are familiar with when they feel some danger or risk in some alien countries. Without notice, they will find some places like their hometown or working places, with the purpose of comforting their moods and getting some spiritual consolation. However, the question is whether this situation is positive or negative for both tourists and residents. ClOn the positive side, through the comparison between different countries and their own, it will greatly and effectively ignite the passion for establishing their national consciousnesses. The more one sees in another world, the more he will think about his own living situations natively. On the negative side, the same image all around the world leads to the extinction of diversified cultures, which are fulfilled with vivid colorful art and longlasting historical stories. Finally, as a semi-professional tourist who travels to many places in and out of the country, I suggest that people should see more and feel more in their very limited short lifetime. Even better, one should absorb more with the very soul that the native is the best of all. In all the three dominant industries, the service industry is the youngest and most energetic one, in which tourism is a just-born child. With its growing benefits, the debate whether people should develop or hinder this service has become a heated issue worldwide. This essay will focus on this area on both sides. 8 The benefits of advancing tourism are out of question: On the one hand, it is international tourism that boosts the local and world economy with a strong awareness of "Green". What's

more, development of the tourism enables the region to improve, financially, which provides more job chances for the unemployed. On the other hand, to attract more visitors to travel around in the regions, it is important to establish such basic facilities as the Internet, expressways and even five-star hotels in some scenic spots. This, to some extent, perfects the local living conditions generally. C)Nevertheless, it is risky if people are blind to the damage of international tourism: For one thing, an excessive number of visitors might bring about pressing stress in the local places as well as the local people. Many natural regions suffer from rubbish pollution every day and Iheir people overwork year after year. For another, on the spiritual level, the local residents will suddenly change their attitude towards life when they encounter the so-called materialism and capitalism. Most people become more greedy and aggressive, only because they hold the belief that money is the ultimate way to happiness for human beings. o Considering both sides of tourism, I agree with the view that we may and must develop tourism sustainably with an almost-perfect blueprint, rather than with thoughtless impulse, which is the most obvious distinguishing factor for human beings and animals. Religions and customs vary considerably from culture to culture. f)They are rich in content and brilliant and colorful in their forms. But, should one adopt the local customs when subject to an alien culture and its customs? This seemingly simple question is rather vexing in that its

answer depends to a large extent on a variety of contributing factors. Among these factors, the patterns and nature of the host culture plays a dominant role. f)Cultures are generally classified into two categories: folk culture and public culture. The former refers to a culture that emphasizes personal relationships in settling affairs. In such a culture laws are eclipsed by customs and morals, which are the primary modes maintaining the social order. People emphasize codes of social conducts and pay meticulous attention to customs. Any break of decorum is considered as unacceptable and regicidal behavior or committing a felony. Thus when visitors are in such a culture, it would be better for them to "do as Romans do". So in folk cultures, to adopt the local customs is a way for a visitor to be assimilated or at least the prerequisite to fitting in. The term "public culture" denotes a society whose social order is maintained first and foremost by legal instruments, and the role of customs, while still evident, is subordinate. While customs in such a culture may evolve at a more rapid pace than in "folk cultures", still they develop over a relatively long time. Within as short a period as a few decades, some customs may even have "gone with the wind". people generally are more likely to accept different ways of doing things or thinking. Each individual is highly respected. Under such circumstances, it is usually

unnecessary for a visitor to follow the natives' customs. Even if the newcomers maintain all of their own customs when exposed to an entirely different set of customs, it is safe for them to do whatever they want provided it is legal. Put it simply, in a public culture it is unnecessary to adopt the indigenous customs. But in a folk culture, things are totally different. To follow the local customs is a must. What is the most valuable period throughout one's whole lifetime? Undoubtedly, youth, namely, one's teenage period will be the best memory one ever has. However, some teenagers cannot enjoy their brief dream at school; instead they spend most of their youth in prison. This essay will focus on the problems of these young criminals. The roots of juvenile delinquency are the fact that teenagers can hardly tell right from wrong. Generally, three main factors will influence the youth constantly: Firstly, every single person has unique personality of his own, which makes many possibilities of doing anything in a sudden impulse. In other words, it is easy for any kid to be tempted to do something wrong in order to fight against their parents. Secondly, one's situation at home and in school determines one's personality to some extent. &Without a complete family, single-parent children tend to hurt others or themselves with the purpose of self-protection and defense. 4)Last but not least, changeable society makes even the adults confused about what happiness and dreams are and how they can

accomplish the target, let alone kids without any social experience and lack of social practice. Admittedly, someone who makes mistakes shall shoulder whatever they should. However, the way to punish those young criminals needs prudent consideration. Personally, education is more effective and efficient than physical punishment like jail or prison penalties, for they break the law accidently because they are misled or lured by others. Facing those teenagers who should be taken good care of both physically and psychologically, please recall the fact that they are the future of the human race. All in all, coping with juvenile delinquency needs more than just punishment, as a saying goes that educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. To educate those teenagers, there is still a long way to go. o As the gap between the rich and the poor enlarges, conflicts among the different classes become severe, of which the worst situation is committing crimes. However, what methods should we take to deal with this public issue and how should we treat and regard those people? This essay will pay attention to the current area on both sides. For those who advocate the punishment of criminals, they state three sections: Firstly, putting criminals in prison will reduce the crime rate rapidly and efficiently, which will ensure the security of all city dwellers. In other words, it is the government's obligation to create a safe

situation for citizens to be free from all crimes. Secondly, it is a strong belief from the public that the determination of fighting against crimes will awe the would-be criminals in many different ways. Without the punishment from the government, it is impossible to hinder the illegal behavior in public. Last but not least, it is punishing those criminals that consoles victims, partly and spiritually. If someone hurts others' physical health or feelings, he or she should be punished according to the law. For those who advocate the use of educating criminals, they declare two reasons: For one thing, it is more efficient for the government to follow the policy of reusing criminals in society. Namely, this activity not only improves the govenunental efficiency, but also makes the budget less money-consuming. 4)For another, although criminals did break the law and commit some crimes, they still have civil rights, which enable them to renew themselves and relive in society without any doubt and discrimination. personally, this is not so complex as it looks. We should try the best to save as many souls as possible, and do punish those who refuse to mend their ways despite repeated admonition. It is weird that some criminals, not all of them, will recommit crimes after prison terms. Obviously, this brings about negative and ceaseless damage in many aspects. To deal with this serious issue, the priority of all is to seek the very reasons. When it comes to the motives of recommitting crimes, three things should be mentioned: Firstly,

after their prison lives, usually, it is difficult to settle down in the city with a stable pay check and a life insurance, which may force them to reunite with the crew before in order to make a living. Namely, for criminals, committing crimes is a way to feed their own. Secondly, it should never be neglected that the govermnental supervision is so vital that it will ensure all usedto-be criminals would worry about the penalty if they did once more. Without any supervision, there is no security for city dwellers. Lastly, the worst situation is that some lawbreakers commit crimes only because they suffer ill treatment from others. In other words, they run after revenge. 6 The so-called purposeless crime poses huge menace to social peace. According to the reasons above, some solutions will show up: The living odds can be resolved through supplying more subsidies, because the living problem is the very basic thing the government should guarantee. In addition, the govermnent and the local communities should also reinforce the guidance for those people, which will benefit both the residents and criminals as well. Finally, to cure criminals' mental anxiety, the whole society should, at least, treat them as equal as others, and then , we should care about their living conditions, materially and spiritually. All in all, criminals are a kind of people who made some mistakes, intentionally or accidentally. o According to the law, we may punish them, but please remember that we have no right to impose our ideas on others.

o Among all sorts of TV programs flooding the screen, crime reports have become one of the hottest ones without notice. The reasons for this are complex, and some people believe it is necessary to show the audience the fact existing already. Personally, I cannot agree with those people. Admittedly, some certain numbers of crime reports do influence the whole society positively, to some extent, such as warning all the would-be criminals. However, the problem is that it also can be used as learning materials for those professional criminals at the same time, without control, which would bring more damage to society. When it comes to the costs of reporting all those bloody and brutal scenes, there are three main aspects: Firstly, like what is just mentioned above, crime reports might become the learning materials for those would-be criminals as well. 6 Namely, this would also teach those people how to avoid being caught by the police, which is called anti-spy sometimes. t)Secondly, for those victims, it is nothing but the image that recalls their horrible memory once again. It is inhumane to remind them of what had just happened in their peaceful lives. Even worse, this can be their worst nightmare. Lastly, the audience wants to watch crime reports only because of their degraded taste, who should be guided in a right way by the public media, like the TV station or leading newspapers.

In conclusion, TV programs should be verified before they are shown to the public; rating the programs for the citizens is a good and efficient way to guarantee that kids and others who should not be tinted are safe from harm. Why do many people celebrate festivals? There is no simple or one-sentence answer. In fact, festivals are symbols of national and international culture for a nation. The following essay will focus on the reasons and effects of establishing and celebrating festivals. When it comes to the causes, three main aspects should be mentioned: First, enjoyment plays one of the biggest parts in festivals because it enables people to have something to look forward to. If there weren't any celebrations, what would people be able to look forward to apart from their birthdays? In addition, it could be just for enjoyment but there is also more to tell. Second, as well as for enjoyment, people celebrate to mark special dates in their religion. For example, Christmas marks the day Jesus was born so Christians celebrate the day the Son of God came to Earth. This is just one of the many examples, which can be said to be religious reasons for festivals. Festivals like this also bring family and people closer together because all families like to get together for such important celebrations. In a way they could help relieve stress and create peace. ~They basically give people time to talk and stay with relatives or friends. Lastly,

some newly-established festivals like Non-smoking Day popularize vital social awareness to the general public in a very acceptable way. As a result, the outcome of holidays is always effective and efficient. For one thing, life, in general, would be a lot less exciting and people would have less to look forward to if there were no festivals. It would be easier for families to drift apart and there would be nothing marking important days in history- not just in religion. Many countries that were captured during wars and other times now have Independence Day and they celebrate that festival. In conclusion, I think we are all better off with festivals. More importantly, it is the festival that reminds people to preserve their valuable culture nationally and internationally. Among all public facilities in modem society, the museum is a magic place for most teenagers. o As it is so fundamental, there is always a debate whether it is an enlightening or an entertaining place. Personally, both functions appear in different museums in special ways. From the educational side, the museum does play an educative role in relevant areas: For one thing, visiting museums for students is a meaningful journey, which is also a kind of practice without classrooms or textbooks, but just the materials telling the history themselves. For another, most schools organize museum visiting in groups. Namely, students are able to communicate with each other using brand new topics such as art, history and zoology sometimes. Thus, museums are the second school for teenagers.

8 From the entertaining side, the museum also fascinates people's interests and curiosity no matter whether they are adults or the youth: First, it is the museum that provides people with a great place to relax themselves, physically and psychologically. In other words, people tend to play in the museum rather than learn in the museum. Second, with all these entertaining functions, it is easy for museums to be transformed into a popular place for social communication, especially for those people with the same hobbies. In fact, many museums plan to hold some theme expos to attract more visitors. To sum up, no matter how hard we try, it is impossible to group all museums into one category. On the contrary, different museums have different functions in modem society, just like clothes, some people wearing for wanning, others for fashion. In the multi-cultural society, the only thing we should not do is never to put all things into a group. Music is well said to be the speech of angels, which is one of the most important fonns of art in human history. 8 However, there is always a sign that the understanding of music varies across people in different levels living in society. Although the fonnations of music are assorted and full of cultural diversity, the soul of music is unique for every single piece of human heart. What are the functions of music indeed? First, mastering and understanding music is a talent for a civilized person who could regard music as a remedy for his emotions. ClMoreover, there was a time when music was a tremendous public event, through which people can

communicate with each other directly and efficiently. Lastly, as a piece of art, music is a colorful and various fonn of social and human progress. Thus, music is more than just a fonn of entertainment, but is more likely to be the crystal and digest of human wisdom. However, what are the reasons that different people will have different ideas of the same kind of music? Simply, various stages and educational levels give rise to totally different understandings of the same music. For the people who have received further education in their lifetime, music is much more like a stream of spring flowing into their deep souls, touching the softest part in their heart. Understanding music is not everything for them; more importantly, they catch the touching moments in their flash lives with the playing of music. For people who lack secondary education and musical knowledge, music is much more like a can of Coca-cola by which one can be in high spirits without knowing the reason at all. No matter for the fonner or the latter, music plays a curing role in relieving people's pressure. There is no difference between holy and pop music, and just the vent of human feelings. In summary, all kinds and shapes of music should be respected in the civilized society, for it is not only a fonn of entertainment but also a symbol of human talents and requisition. As a popular slogan goes, "The whole globe is just a meter away." The entire world shrinks into

a village in a few decades, for which citizens encounter many clashes among different races. Someone pushes the so-called solution forward that it is better to divide people into groups. However, tbis can never solve the problem but only aggravate it. 8 Admittedly, living in a multi-cultural community without any restriction is a nightmare for everyone indeed. Namely, the racial conflicts and residential differentiation would be a huge barrier for all the residents living together. ClHowever, if they can plan prudently, living in this kind of surroundings will be equal to enjoying much more communication worldwide in one's short lifetime, which will attract countless people to look forward to the multi-cultural life experience. Obviously, among all the benefits of multi-cultural society, the following two reasons should, at least, be mentioned: First, it is the colorful community that deepens the understanding between one people and another. In other words, if people plan to imitate others' custom, it is better to understand it before their copying than after. Second, it is a shame for all modem citizens to discriminate anyone living in any circumstance. In fact, all the people are nothing but simple and most importantly, equal creatures on the earth, so there is no need to hold some stereotypes against others. Multi-cultural society is a sign, and more likely it is warfare against the "Racism", which will finally succeed without any question. In conclusion, racism and multi-culture are tbe toughest debate, which should be sensibly

solved. As capable human beings, we may disagree with others' lifestyles, but we should respect them no matter whether we like them or not. To judge the changes of life quality over time, people need to describe how people make qualitative judgments about their lives. A naIve approach, but one, which may be useful is: If their lives are full of pleasant things, they consider themselves to be doing well, while if their lives are full of pain, they consider themselves to be suffering. Obviously, material and spiritual needs are both important. When families do have cars and the like, they will benefit from these things in two aspects: For one thing, the life quality will greatly and positively improve in a sudden such as driving one's private car on a snowy day without suffering from cold and the wet. &For another, for a modern citizen, it is more or less an obligation to master the updated lifestyle. In other words, in fact, it is not that they choose to use those things, but that those things choose to live with them, to be exact. fl However, if we ignored the dark side of all these stuff, we would be foolish without doubt. First, producing, transporting and using those electrical appliances and vehicles leads to countless environmental issues like air pollution, noise and radiation, all of which cause many drawbacks to both human beings and natural beings at the same time. Second, aspiring after stuff like private

cars and LED TV sets, in the deep meaning, will ignite the desire for materialism. Namely, people will judge their living standard depending only on the materials mentioned above. This will be a disaster if people seek only material comforts without spiritual pursuit. o All in all, when we finally recognize the truth and myth of living standard consisting of both material and spirit, owning stuff like cars is a choice but not a necessity for all citizens who should enjoy themselves also with family bonds, culture and faith. Each area has a traditional game, which is played by children. Recently, it started to vanish. This is truly terrible news, because of the fact that a traditional game is the inheritance from the older. Wby do children choose modem games? 6 The development of technology has led to the status quo, but technology is not at fault for this. What we cannot deny is that children are more interested in modern games than traditional ones. Modem games are advantageous in less of movement: for example, Nintendo, playstation, PC games, and online games are modern games which do not need children to move a lot. They only need to sit in front of TV or a computer, and then they can start it and enjoy it. However, it leads to some serious physical problems such as near-sightedness and obesity. Children should be guided so that they can choose traditional games rather than modern games. For one thing, traditional games have a huge impact on children's brains and their communication with other children which are two elementary skills in the adult world. Considering that childhood is important for children to learn something new, it will be disappointing if in this period children only spend the time in front of a computer or the

television screen. For another, many traditional games represent one nation's history and culture like the kites in ancient China, which is a way to convey information, and still remains a popular national game now. Through playing those "old-fashioned" games, children can easily establish a direct awareness of national culture and customs. All in all, we cannot deny that modern games have gone beyond traditional games. I just hope that traditional games will not vanish from our life, for they not only can train the youth by many ski lls physically, but also can recall the best moments with friends. o Asking if virtual life will replace real life is like asking if singles' chat rooms will replace real dating. Human face-ta-face interaction is, and will continue to be, the most effective fonn of communication. What this essay will focus on is its effects. The reason for face-ta-face interaction is simple. &Live meetings deliver rich, potent experiences that virtual meetings cannot. They deliver motivation along with messages, and inspiration with information. That's why corporations that want to inspire a sales force to perform better or build confidence with customers are continuing to rely on the punch that live events deliver, namely, expos. " Still, while the virtual meetings will never entirely replace the live ones, the technology has a place within physical events. The shortcomings of the traditional meeting model, with an on-stage presenter talking to a passive audience, have become clear with the rise of

interactive and social networking tools. These advances have driven live meetings to incorporate hetter peer-ta-peer and audience-ta-presenter interaction. On the contrary, virtual life also isolates people without notice. Oue to lack of expression, confusion and misunderstandings will spring out. High technology can hardly emote properly. Emoticons can only take one so far. In other words, it is difficult to convey sarcasm or anger in an email or a text. In short, face-to-face and virtual chat will coexist in modem society. I really discourage having arguments electronically. Technology can be great to initially meet someone, and very convenient when they further along in a relationship, but never use it as a replacement for the real thing. For all of its usefulness, it is \!ery hard to cuddle with a cell phone. There is a tough choice whether going to the public library or staring at the computer. Some may hold the idea that the high-tech will take the place of libraries in the foreseeable future. Personally, I disagree with the view. f) Admittedly, the Internet is very much like television in that it takes time away from other pursuits, provides entertainment and information, but in no way can it compare with the warm, personal experience of reading a good book. This is not the only reason why the Internet will never replace books, for books provide the in-depth knowledge of a subject that sitting in front of a computer monitor cannot provide. l)Texts can be downloaded from an Internet source,

but the aesthetic quality of sheets of downloaded texts leaves much to be desired. What arc the unique benefits of printed books? First, a well-designed book enhances the reader's reading experience. Second, the book is still a more compact and inexpensive means of conveying a dense amount of knowledge in a convenient package. The easy portability of the book is what makes it the most user-friendly format for knowledge ever invented. The idea that one can carry in onc's pocket a play by Shakespeare, a novel by Charles Dickens or Jack London, Plato's Dialogues, or The Bible in a small paperback edition is mind-boggling. In fact, the Internet requires the constant input of authors and their books to provide it with the information that makes it a useful tool for exploring and learning. To sum up, why the Internet will never replace books is that those who wish to become writers want to see their works permanently published as books- something one can hold, see, feel, skim through, and read at one's leisure without the need for an electric current. Of course it is better to sit in a public library which is an ocean of knowledge. Watching TV programs in leisure time is one of the most time-consuming activities for children nowadays. Some studies reveal that it will cause the youth to grow up with less creative and active ideas. To cope with this situation, analysis is the first step. When it comes to the reasons for this problem, three aspects should be mentioned: Firstly, compared with all other media, TV programs are more vivid and colorful, therefore more attractive to teenagers. 8 Ifbooks and the like can enrich their content, there will be no

doubt that children will be fond of the conventional media. Secondly, the rapid living pace brings people pressing stress, no matter whether young or old. To relieve pressure, people choose to watch TV rather than read, because it is easy for them to relax in this form, let alone children. " Finally, it is common sense that creation calls for a long period of time indeed. Without persistence and gift, it is impossible for anyone to create something brand new, so they would like to kill time with TV at ease. o After analysis of the reasons, some reasonable solutions should be declared as follows: Firstly, TV stations should go to great lengths to create and publicize more sorts of programs to fulfill diversified tastes of all ages. Secondly, printed media should learn from the TV programs, and thus they could enhance their media content, and then they will attract more audiences separating from TV programs. Lastly, parents should do their best to give more valuable time to the next generation, letting them to grow up freely, so that they could create something without any restriction. All in all, we should make good and reasonable use of TV programs. It does promote the transmission of information. However, the most vital nature of human beings is not copying but creating. Rumors, books, radio, newspapers, TV and the Internet (even cellphones) are some means

to obtain information in human history, all of which are pointing to an area of news spreading. Some believe that news media are positive, but others disagree. 8 As far as I am concerned, news media contribute much more than people recognize. What we cannot deny is that some fake publications from some news media do mislead the general public in their daily routines such as changing their lifestyles without purpose and encouraging them to participate in some meaningless activities. However, this situation only appears in a few companies; most leading media are still reliable which provide useful information constantly, so news media have more positive impacts on people obviously. When it comes to the positive side, three things should be mentioned: Firstly, it is one of the most important ways to spread information in modem society with efficiency. In other words, news media update their information not every single day, but every minute or even every second. Secondly, from those news media, people can receive some advice from all kinds of specialists, which will be of benefit to their living choices and their future resolutions.OLastly, and the most important point, it is the news media that establish a platform, on which common people and experts get chances to communicate with each other equally. Without it, there will be always a gap between the decision makers and decision influencers. In short, news media are not just a way to spread information in modern society. More importantly, they provide people with more choices in their daily life and enable them to show their own viewpoints to the public in the Information Age.

Healthy issue is a key concern for almost everyone in society.OTo prevent and treat illness, the government goes to great lengths to keep the public sanitation. However, some believe that the citizen himself should take good care of his own. Personally, both sides have different obligations to settle the healthy issue. The government should ensure at least two main parts: ElFor one thing, the healthy problem concerns about all living residents, which is called a public issue that no matter whether the government wants or not it should deal with it with all methods. For another, the government can hold only with the support from citizens and the tax paying, so the money should be used back when the public security is in danger. Furthermore, the individual citizen should not ignore self-protection. First, keeping healthy is a personal issue for everyone. Namely, it firstly influences one's normal life if healthy problems arise. Moreover, it will also impact on the relatives at the same time. Second, it is much easier for an individual to protect himself than others, because forming a good habit and keeping exercising will enable a person to stay vigorous. Last, private protection is more efficient and effective, for if the government carries out a whole-scale planning for the social issue, it will definitely cost a huge amount of money, compared with private solution. However, the government should also establish a system to protect the public security. All in all, both the government and the citizens should try their best to create and maintain a

healthy living situation. Obviously, the individual should take more responsibilities in this area for the reasons above. o As a common acknowledgement, postgraduate research is a central share of scientific advance. - However, the investment problem has perplexed the development for many years. There is always an announcement that the government should only support the scientific ones, but not "peripheral" ones. Personally, this view is not as sensible as it sounds. I Admittedly, scientific research is important and beneficial to the whole society so the government should invest some money in this area with confidence. However, if there is only science but lack of all other subjects, nothing will be done with a conclusion. More essentially, there is no opportunity to distinguish which subject is more useful than all the others in a multicultural society. Facing this issue, the government should cope on three levels: First, the government should collect more funds with a legal restriction or it can employ some companies to do so.OMore tax and financial investment will be a strong supply for the research. Second, the research laboratory should and have to use all the money efficiently and effectively. Although it is governments' obligation to support the research, the research group should never use the money for private reasons or even waste it. Lastly but the most importantly, as the government, it should not judge

the value of something in a short-sighted view. Giving it more time and supporting it even if it seems to be useless at present will show the unique perspective of the local leaders. In conclusion, it is an inevitable obligation to invest money in doing research for college students and staff. However, the government should never support the research with private and narrowminded views. o As a modem citizen, one cannot escape two destinies: One is death; the other is paying tax. Some reject to separate one part of their wages to the local government, which they call civil rights. Personally, I cannot stand on those people's views for these reasons. Obviously, paying tax means to "rob" some money from one's whole paycheck no matter whether one wants or not. Admittedly, too much tax also leads to severe economic burden to the citizens in many different aspects. However, to ensure the security of society, it is not optional to have a government or not. If we do need an organization running for the public order, it is quite reasonable to support it faithfully and financially. Furthermore, what benefits does paying tax bring taxpayers? Firstly, the more funds the government collects, the more it can deal with the public issues with efficiency such as building highways, promoting the citizens' reading habits and carrying out security plans for the whole society, all of which need money from tax. Secondly, no one can work all his lifetime, so when he retires someday, he could also get some subsidies from the government saving for years

with the help of taxpaying. Clln addition, if one suffers from some illnesses without money, the government also ensures that he could get basic treatment with the security founding by tax. Lastly, the economic society has a flaw that the gap between the rich and the poor enlarges suddenly; nevertheless, taxpaying, to some extent, can narrow the gap by reshuffiing the wealth in society. This activity will balance the swag of social conflicts financially. In conclusion, paying tax is an inevitable obligation to each citizen living and working in modem society under the protection and care from the government. However, establishing a reasonable taxpaying system is a frequent topic for each government without question. The modern lifestyle ushered by our booming economy enables human beings to improve their standard of living rapidly. However, material improvements come at a cost. Namely, the core values of the society rapidly become outdated or go extinct in spite of financial prosperity. Both sides of this issue will be discussed. 6 Admittedly, economic advance does benefit citizens as well as the society as a whole. For one thing, it may help improve and increase basic facilities in public places such as parks, hospitals, schools, and the mass transit system, all of which will add more possible choices to people's daily routine, even if such choices sometimes go unnoticed. The more basic facilities the local government provides, the higher living conditions people will enjoy free of charge. For another,

thanks to the economic boom, after material demands are fulfilled, people tend to strive for spiritual satisfaction. In other words, the great development of economy makes spiritual pursuits possible in reality. However, the balance between economy and social values can hardly be kept. Once people pay more attention to one side, the scale will tilt. First, due to the money-oriented values in society, people may become isolated from each other in order to pursue profits individually. It is not unusual to see that friends and relatives separate for one simple reason: money. Second, the irreversible destruction in society is nothing but moral deficiency and scarcity of trust. Without morality and trust, people might do anything to manage to run after the highest profits. More severely, they may even set traps for their companions rather than help them to earn money. In conclusion, society needs more morality and correct values rather than unbridled economic development. To accomplish this, the government and experts should pursue a sustainable policy without wavering. ~owadays the world has been divided into developing and developed countries. The main difference between them is the amount of money that goverrunents apply in important sectors such as education, health care and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debt as a result of their unbalanced finances, which reflect the failed health care, the unstructured education system and the weak international trade. SThis vicious cycle will continue indefinitely

unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting unfortunate countries. Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the epidemic of AIDS in those countries could improve if the infected population can receive free drugs to control the disease and have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. ClBut this can only be achieved through international relief in which leaders of the world's richest countries donate medicines and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need. Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw materials to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them, which results in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their hroken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the world's poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries. In conclusion, leaders of the industrialized countries play an indispensable role in assisting

developing nations and dealing with essential areas such as health, education and trade. In addition, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death. As globalization goes, the international goods such as foods and electronic products have become common choices for people worldwide. Some may focus on its benefits, but others will never neglect the drawbacks at the same time. Personally, both sides of the issue should be mentioned. There are three benefits of international goods: Firstly, importing those international goods, to some extent, enriches diversities of the goods locally. In other words, citizens do obtain more choices for the same category of commodities. tlSecondly, some global companies build some local facilities in order to lower its costs of goods, which enlarges the employment for local residents. Without it, countless local people will be out of work, facing a pressing economic burden. Lastly, with healthy competition, the international companies will help the local government to eliminate some unqualified companies in the first round. DIf the local and the global companies can work together, it will form a win-win situation undoubtedly. However, the disadvantages of international goods should never be neglected: On the one hand, long-distance transportation means more fuels and therefore more pollution all around. Namely, the global shipping requires a huge amount of oils and other resources, which will produce more pollution to the air, water and soil. On the other hand, the costs of goods will definitely contain

transport charges, which wi ll increase the price of goods when they come to the consumers after a long distance. The more imported goods people want, the more money they will pay for those stuff. Cl All in all, it is better and smarter to use global cooperation to develop the local companies, and effective and efficient to hunt for some imported goods for local residents. It is widely acknowledged that in many places worldwide, different races live in the same place with the same nationality. This method of grouping peoples benefits in many aspects; however, it also brings about some conflicts racially. Personally, it is not a choice but a must to create and maintain a multi-cultural society for multi-racial nations. Admittedly, to ensure the security of the community, it is effective to divide different groups of peoples into different regions in the same city, which does reduce the conflicts of races to some extent. However, with the isolation of distinctive groups, it is much easier for the races whose beliefs are opposite to the others to ignite hostility against the others. Establishing a multi-cultural society has at least three benefits: - First and foremost, it promotes understanding between races. Living in the same place and experiencing the same lifestyle make peoples remit others' aggressive behaviour daily. flSecondly, it is colorful for people to live under the circumstance of multi-cultural society. With various kinds of cultures, people may and will enjoy the mixed culture consisting of peoples from all kinds of traditions. Taking New

York City for example, it is always said that the Big Apple is a "Melting Pot" of all cultures. Lastly, the barriers or the gap between two different peoples are nothing but stereotypes. Without living in the same community, it is impossible for anyone to eliminate discrimination amongst peoples. In conclusion, it is better to create and maintain a multi-cultural society with multi-racial communities. 0 0nly in this way can people enjoy the high levels of civilization from all peoples. 8 The most expensive and comfortable way to travel around the globe is by jet obviously. However, since the invention of air flight, the debate over air flight never stops. The focus is that it is good for the global communication but it is bad for the global environment. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows. When it comes to the benefits of air traveling, two sections should be mentioned: For one thing, nothing can compare with the jet which takes people to anywhere they want without any regional limit but only with courage and imagination. Namely, the air flight enables people to enlarge their horizons. For another, modem transportation helps the world become smaller and more effective. " Thanks to air travel, the global communication and understanding improves day by day. In the morning, you stay in China, but at night you may drink coffee beside the Seine. However, the drawbacks it has should also be focused. Firstly, it costs a huge amount of fuel like oil for a single flight. Taking automobiles for example, an air flight uses about 1,500

times as much fuel as a private car for the same distance. Secondly, using too much energy results in discharging too much pollution naturally. Besides, air pollution that we have learnt for ages, soil, water and noise pollution are also caused during the flying. Lastly, this most advanced transportation exists with high risk and danger. Every time when an air crash happens, there are rare survivors. In conclusion, air travel is a must for international business and cultural exchanges. To use it soundly, we should try our best to reduce pollution and the use of fuel, and most importantly, keep it taking off and landing safely. Who should take responsibility for environmental pollution, governments or individuals? Some experts believe that only when all the citizens living in society take actions on ecoprotection, could the pollution problem be solved. Nevertheless, others believe that some problems are too big for citizens. Personally, both sides of the issue sbould be taken into consideration. Obviously, what people could do in order to protect the environment can be divided into three sections: Firstly, in living habit aspect, it is a good habit to conserve nonrenewable resources in daily routines. In other words, people should make full use of these nonrenewable resources. Meanwhile, people should also try to use some alternative ones instead. Secondly, it is a stylish living for young people to follow the new trend called the "Iow-carbon" lifestyle. Without

discharging much waste or costing much energy, it would benefit both the nature and human beings. f.lLastly, people can also enhance the "green" awareness day by day. If people have environmental-friendly thoughts in their daily lives, they will protect tbe local surroundings without deliberate behaviors. However, individuals can do nothing in some respects related to eco-protection: Firstly, as for some huge constructions like dams or power stations, it is impossible for individuals to build or even think about them. Clln other words, citizens don't have enough abilities and money to invest in those areas. Furthermore, it is too hard for a single citizen to stop illegal behaviours, which damage the local environment. Without drawing up or carrying out some related laws and rules, the governrnent has to see that those pollution-making companies gain huge profits from pouring pollutants to the public places. Lastly, citizens can only realize the importance on their own, but there is little chance to publish these ideas to the general public. If the media could make a theme program about eco-protection, the general public would have a full awareness of ecoprotection . All in all, protecting the local environment is the obligation for both individuals and the govemment. However, governments should take the major responsibility; citizens living in society should take the minor responsibility. After the Industrial Revolution, the nation who conquers the energy world will conquer the world at the same time. Some people believe that traditional fuels, including coal, oil, and gas,

are the main sources rather than alternative sources like wind energy and solar energy. Personally, the use of alternative sources of energy should be encouraged and spread all over the world. Admittedly, fossil fuels as the main sources make human beings live more effectively and efficiently. 8 A large amount of energy in fossil fuels is applied to the industrial production and it seems that the process of making energy from fossil fuels is employed by most countries. Nonetheless, traditional resources will dry up in a foreseeable future. Human beings must find an alternative way to continue civilization. The advantages of alternative sources of the energy can be divided into two aspects: Firstly, using alternative sources reduce the contamination of the environment. Namely, most new energies are green. ClSecondly, alternative sources of energy that are regarded as sustainable sonrces of energy are more likely to meet the massive demands of economic and cultural development in modern society. However, it is often considered that using alternative sources of energy such as nuclear energy is a quite dangerous thing for human beings and our planet. Some other alternative sources of energy like wind energy and solar energy are not quite available for production for the sake of expensive payment. To conclude, the use of the alternative sources may contribute to social development and push the whole world into a new dynasty, which does no harm to the environment and has high

effectiveness. Only by this can we break through the bottleneck of the energy crisis. It is widely acknowledged that eco-protection has become a heated topic for both governments and individuals recently. It is not neglected for people to preserve the local environment, due to the pollution nearby. However, few people take effective action. This essay will draw up some solutions after seeking the reasons. Firstly, in a personal aspect, it is hard for everyone living in a society to have the green awareness all of a sudden. In other words, some people even hold the perspective that the current environment is so good that we should keep the condition for a while. And this feeling will lead them to do nothing for eco-protection. GFacing this aspect, media should make all efforts to remind people to realize the importance of eco-protection and the seriousness of contamination. Through the publication, people will get to know and then understand the future significance of green activities. Secondly, in governmental aspects, compared with the government, citizens do not have enough and sufficient abilities to deal with the most-urgent issues. Without sufficient budgets and constant investments, it is impossible for any company or individual to cope with environmental issues. Naturally, although people may know the way to improve the environment, they have limited abilities to do so. As for government, it should try its best to establish a platform, on which experts and environmentalists will cornmunicate with each other freely, and then they will

draw the blueprint out in order to save the living places for human beings. Lastly, in future aspects, as the saying goes, "All are at a cost." Sa~ing surroundings needs not only a huge amount of money but also some advanced high-technology, both of which will bring governments and individuals a pressing economic burden. When it comes to the basic conflicts between personal benefits and eco-protection, people prefer to choose the former naturally. Therefore, people should take the long view. " Although destroying the local environment may turn into some benefits for the local economy, the descendants might bear the consequences. Namely, we, their forefathers, should leave them some foundations. All in all, the government as well as the individuals has responsibility for eco-protection. More importantly, both the current generation and the next generation should take responsibility for it. Thus, we have no choice but protect it as soon as possible. What is the most frequently used device in one's daily communication? The answer is "Many", such as mobile phones, Facebook, Twitter and E-mail. Facing all these new tricks, people in different classes hold different opinions. Personally, it is a must to accept the new technological innovations instead of refusing. 6 Undoubtedly, the over-use of all these high-tech devices will alienate the interpersonal relationship that exists between people for a period of time. Obviously, face-to-face conversations are one of the best ways to understand each other. IHowever, there is no reason to focus

on just one method if we still have more choices, let alone, the other ways are far better and cheaper to some extent. When it comes to benefits of modern communications technology, three aspects should be mentioned at least. Firstly, it is a good time-saver for people who devote all their lifetime to social activities. In other words, without going outside, people can possibly avoid the rush hours and traffic jams when they make an appointment with friends. Secondly, compared with paying an official visit to a company or working partner, chatting on-line or through telephone is much cheaper, which can easily cut the budget of an enterprise. If each company has an Econference system, information sharing should never be a daydream in the Information Age. Lastly, and most importantly, with the great help of new technology, people may communicate with others without concerning about regional limits. Namely, no matter where one stays, he or she can get in touch with people on the Internet timely. All in all, modern technologies are better than people's imaginations, so it is a smart way to make full use of them purposely. What may technology do besides accommodating people's daily routines? Wbat is the relationsbip between technology and tbe gap of wealth? Some may hold the idea that it widens the gap, but others disagree with that. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration.

It is quite reasonable to advocate that technological innovation will enlarge the gap of wealth to some extent. For one thing, some high-tech companies mastering the core technology will go to great lengths to maintain tbe monopoly position, which will make other competitors invest more money in researching on the same field or paying the patent fee with pressing economic burden. f)For another, having bigh technology equals to having more money, and then people or companies with a huge amount of money will control the resources of society simply, who also manage the capital to earn more in the market with ease. However, technology can also narrow the rich-poor gap in some ways. On the one hand, with the great belp of technology such as telecommunication and transportation, people are able to share information timely and clearly .. This will provide citizens, especially those poor people, with golden chances to rise above the herd. On the other hand, the high-tech lowers the cost of living for daily life, which in fact narrows the gap between the rich and the poor, for they can spend money on education and other areas. Therefore, technology is just like a regulation in society. It really does not matter what it is but it does matter how it goes and protects. Vsing high-tech with a peaceful attitude will make the technology smell of roses. As computers have become common tools in school's education, the debate about which

is more vital, teachers or computers, has been discussed in different classes. personally, teachers play more vital roles in morality and personality education, and computers play more fundamental roles in information and technology education. 8It is quite essential for a student to make full use of high-tech stuff like computers and the Internet to select countless information, which can never be provided by a single teacher throughout his lifetime. Namely, the computer and the Internet enable people to find anything relevant to their subjects as well as their hobbies. In addition, it is the Internet that establishes a platform on which both students and teachers can communicate with each other freely without limitation. ClMore importantly, education is not all about teaching some tricks or imparting knowledge, but it is the key to find one's deep soul hiding in his heart. What teachers have done is like a digger who first sets a good example for all students to imitate, for which pupils call most teachers spiritual tutor. Obviously, teachers have great influence on students' personality shaping. On the other hand, teachers can never be replaced because of the interaction between students and lecturers, which is the most efficient way to learn something new. Therefore, it is really hard to tell which part is more vital for students at school. To make a conclusion, teachers are more important, for they are originators of education, but computers are just fancy tools with manifest functions. As a saying goes, "Educating the mind without touching

the heart is no education at all." Teachers are leaders and guides in modem education. It is human nature that leads people in the voyage of learning. Within only fifty years humankind has dramatically pushed the boundaries or frontiers of cognition. But all have to take tolls. Hence comes the argument that outer space research is a waste of a massive sum of money and resources (human resources included). I, however, hold an entirely different opinion for good reasons. 8 The term "waste" is defined as an activity, act, or behaviour that exhausts a huge volume of energy or other resources but produces little, if any, valuable consequences, neither will the act have some potential benefits. IIn this sense, by no means can outer space research be deemed as a waste. The majority of outer space research projects have some positive outcomes that can immediately and directly benefit human beings. That is to say, these projects have some value or significance. For instance, landing on the moon has already offered some solutions to human population issues and the problems of environmental pollution. It is claimed that within the foreseeable future human beings will be able to dispose of waste in outer space. Moreover, significance of space research has gone far beyond the horizon of science. In fact it reaches deeply into human spirit and soul. It is outer space research that makes people realize that we

human beings are not the dominant creators but rather simple creatures. This educates people to love each other rather than to hate. This also teaches people to know that war, conflicts, and discrimination are all in vain. Bearing these feats in mind, who can claim that outer space research is a waste? Admittedly, some of the research projects do not have immediate consequences. But shall we thus conclude that these projects waste human resources and money? If so, then we might be the short-sighted creatures. In fact, viewing these projects from a long run, we find that each of the projects has the potentials that human beings demand. It might be that the ultimate solutions to human disasters, diseases, and other troubles can only be found through these outer space research projects. All in all, whether the benefits are evident, elusive, or even invisible to the contemporary eye, they manifest the importance of outer space research. Therefore, who will still be so shortsighted as to denounce the importance of outer space research? Freedom is to rules what a flame is to an iceberg. Enemies or friends, different people have different views on this debate. Some believe that rules and laws kill the soul of freedom in the modem society. However, I believe that it is the regulations that protect the surroundings of freedom and civil rights indeed. Frankly, drawing up too many rules and laws without limitations will obstruct the path of

seeking freedom. Namely, people will not pursue freedom with the heavy loss of other benefits, even the loss of their lives. However, this situation only occurs in rare conditions like warfare or regime shift. In fact, reasonable regulations protect rather than destroy freedom. When it comes to how rules and laws guarantee people's freedom, there are three ways obviously. Firstly, freedom, with a fancy name, is a relative and subtle thing, which can never be ascertained by certain definitions and conditions. ONo absolute freedom results in impossibility to pursue absolute freedom. Secondly, absolute freedom will bring about a weird situation that people who focus on their ' own benefits would demolish others' benefits if no regulation is established in society. In other words, most rules and laws play roles in shielding the public order and benefits. Lastly, laws and rules also have cultural implications in a general view. At least, they should be regarded as human's legacy, historically and traditionally. All in all, without laws and rules, society will be in chaos undoubtedly. To seek more freedom, we should try to adapt to all the sound rules as a compromise at first. To most employees, a question is always lingering in their mind: Is it bctter to change their carcers rather than to stay in the stable position all their lifetime? Some even argue that one cannot work for the same career through his lifetime, let alonc the same company. Personally, I disagree with this opinion with sound reasons.

Admittedly, changing one's job aftcr a few ycars' working does help him find his ncw intcrests and to some extent, get a much higher wage sometimes. f)However, every time when an employee changes his career from one company to another, it is a huge waste of social and human resources obviously. What negative impacts job-hopping brings people as well as society are manifest. Firstly, for the enterprise, this activity increases the cost of training fees and the risk of business running. ln other words, once some professional workers quit, the company has to pay much more to train or hire other people to take the place of those quitters. Secondly, changing one's jobs too frequently makes one's career vary from one place to another, which will not enable him to promote his position in one career. Lastly, as an adult, one should not only focus on his own benefits, but also pay attention to his families for which the relative stable working conditions are far better than changing one's job once a year or even shorter. To conclude, for oneself, companies and society, keeping a stable carcer or avoiding changeable jobs is a smart choice because it stabilizes the private, domestic and social relationship firmly. Benefiting from the demographic bonus, China is confronting an unremarkable crisis that many developed countries have already encountered. The problem is the old age boom. With the number of the old generation increasing, the pressure has become more and more irresistible. The

following essay will analyze the effects from both individual and public aspects. What the old age boom brings about to individuals can be divided into two parts. f)For one thing, it is impossible for all the old generations to follow the new trends of society; therefore a generation gap will appear between the old and the young. For another, if a family consists of more old people and fewer young ones, it will face a pressing economic burden of living and health care. In addition, to a society, the old age boom is not a good sign for the modernization as well. Firstly, each society whose vigor is endless demands more and more people to work as labor force for a certain period of time. However, with the number of old people growing, the loss and lack of labor force will be a huge crisis for those nations. Secondly, with a certain number of residents, the nation will develop and maintain a certain number of companies and factories in accordance with the demands of society. ElWith a high mortality rate but a low birth rate, the local government has no other choices but to diminish the local scale of production, which will cause unemployment at the same time. In conclusion, the old age boom is a huge social problem for both developing and developed countries. To deal with this problem, governments and individuals should collaborate as much as possible. Robbery, drug dealing, corruption and other sorts of crimes appear in society, which are called generally the anti-social behaviour. Undoubtedly, these behaviours disrupt regular social

order in many different ways. This essay is mainly about the reasons and the relevant solutions to anti-social behaviour. The reasons for the anti-social activities are various and should be mentioned in at least three aspects. Firstly, most people living in society cannot believe in the governments which are controlling the local place. In other words, a lack of public trust leads to anti-government feelings and even anti-social performances naturally. Secondly, the rich-poor gap will be another factor to intensify the conflicts and then different classes will solve their problems through fights or struggles. The larger the gap becomes, the more anti-social behaviour will appear. Lastly, it is quite usual in a multi-cultural society that people live under assorted cultural backgrounds. However, the misunderstanding or discrimination will also be the key reason to racial clashes. o Although it seems that all these behaviours are hard to solve or even to control, there must be some solutions. First, the local and national government should always do the right thing under the stand and belief that citizens are the priority, in which authorities can gain people's trust gradually. Second, using tax policy and guaranteeing the social insurance can diminish the gap between the rich and the poor. Last but not least, it is vital for citizens to relieve their pressure when they feel any discomfort in a multi-cultural situation. All in all, anti-social behaviour will influence the individual as well as society in many

aspects. Therefore, in order to cope with this issue, the government and the individual should reconsider this issue more prudently and insightfully. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened over the last 20 years in nearly all the countries studied, even though trade and technological advances have spurred rapid growth in their economies. With job losses and home foreclosures skyrocketing and many of these countries now facing recession, policymakers must act quickly to prevent a surge in populist and protectionist sentiment as was seen following the Great Depression. This essay will focus on the reasons and the solutions as follows. The reasons for the gap enlarging are manifest. Firstly, rising inequality threatens social mobilitychildren doing better than their parents, the poor improving their lot through hard work - which is lower in countries like the V.S., China, Great Britain and Italy, where inequality is high, than countries with less inequality such as Denmark, Sweden and Australia. f) Secondly, wealthy households are not only widening the gap with the poor, but in countries such as the V.S., China and Germany, they are also leaving middle-income earners further behind, with potentially ominous consequences if the global financial crisis sparks a long recession. The two decades covered in the study- 1985-2005- saw the development of wider global trade and the Internet, and a period of overall strong economic growth. To deal with this situation, governments need to act to support employment as a response

to widening inequality and faltering economies. e lf the government can take on the role of lender of last resort, then we should think about the goverrunent taking on the role of employer of last resort. Put bluntly, governments have to step up. Step up to the plate as Roosevelt did in the Great Depression. To address the "divisive" issue of growing inequality, governments should do more to educate the whole work force - and not just the elite - while helping people get jobs and increasing incomes for working families, rather than relying on social benefits. All in all, greater income inequality stifles upward mobility between generations, making it harder for talented and hard working people to get the rewards they deserve. It polarizes societies; it divides regions within countries, and it carves up the world between the rich and the poor. If possible, we should stop it when we possibly can. To rethink the progress and the regress of human beings throughout history, what should be done first is to define success and failure clearly. 0,-0 be frank, mankind does make some changes in natural and social environment, but many untouched areas await more explorations in the future. What can never be neglected in human civilization is technological advances. Firstly, in terms of health care, in recent decades, researchers and experts have gone to great lengths to diagnose and cure some unknown disease such as SARS, HI N I and some forms of cancers. 6.rhis is of

remarkable significance to human beings because it prolongs their lives. Secondly, in the area of telecommunication, telegram, telephone and television were invented, and now with new tricks known as mobile phones as well as the Intemet, all of which enable people to get in touch with others freely and instantly for low costs. Lastly, in the aspect of transportation, man has brought out a new world. Cars, trains, and air jets make the world a global village. However, none could live only with legacies. When it comes to future developments, something with flaws should always be remembered. Firstly, art and culture have had little progress in the last 100 years. ~hat we indulge in elaborating on is something from ancient times. Modem art and culture, sometimes, are misshapen and vulgar. What's the worse is that living in a moneyoriented society, it is easy for people to degenerate without faith and belief. ln this respect, people only concentrate on material instead of spiritual enjoyment. To sum up, we may take pride in the progress of materials for a moment, and a moment is long enough. We have no other choices, but carry the legacy and burden from ancestors and then move on. Which way is the most efficient way to improve people's health? Some people believe that governments should build more sports facilities in residential areas in order to provide more chances for citizens to do exercises. However, others believe that there are other ways to do so. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration.

Admittedly, sports facilities have their own unique benefits. Firstly, it is possible for people to do practice in their spare time no matter where and when they want to do so. In other words, if people want to do sports regularly, their healthy condition can be improved generally. Secondly, it is the government's duty to do so. 0 Governments have obligations to ensure the public health as one of their missions. Without the investment of governments, it is impossible for any individual to build many facilities in the city. f) A study conducted by Peking University in 2009 implied that the investment from government for sport was 92.3%, while the investment from individuals was only 7.7%. tlHowever, the definition of health has many other meanings. And there are two main sections: physical ones and psychological ones. For physical aspect, people should have the habit of having healthy foods such as "green" foods like seafood and fruits. In other words, it is important for governments to put healthy awareness into people's daily life. For psychological aspect, overwork and cumulative pressure from both work and life make people feel tired. To relieve one's pressure to some extent is a good way to keep healthy. Therefore, the government should draw up some laws to limit the working time for its citizens. In summary, both sports and other ways are important for people to keep healthy. Therefore, to solve this problem more efficiently and effectively, governments and experts should

reconsider this issue more insightfully and prudently. Like a disease that troubles the patients, traffic and housing problems in almost every metropolis are what governments must address without any delay. But, how can we cope with these problems? One theory claims that big companies and factories should be moved to rural areas. Although it sounds plausible, the theory is not essentially flawless. Admittedly, transferring big companies and factories into rural areas does reduce the pressure in the urban area to some extent. However, it is completely wrong to attribute city housing and traffic problems to big companies and factories. Why? The area that big factories and companies occupy usually accounts for less than 15% of the whole city-state. ClHence, big companies and factories contribute little to housing and traffic problems. Moreover, the number of the employees of big companies and factories is not large enough to give rise to traffic and housing problems. In addition, to move big companies and factories cannot solve the housing and traffic problems completely. In fact, it harms rather than helps city economic development by shifting the problems from the city to the countryside. Once the big companies and factories are moved to the suburbs, schools, banks, hospitals, raw material suppliers and the like will also stream into the countryside. When the system becomes flooded, a new city comes into being. Then, the old problems would reappear in the "new city". In addition, it is these big companies and

factories that trigger and lead the city's economic development. To remove them, products and services are expensive. Hence, to move them to the countryside makes little sense. In summary, I do not agree that big companies and factories should be moved to the countryside. To solve the problem more effectively and efficiently, governments and scholars should consider it more insight fully and seriously. Having too many cars in public transportation has become the biggest concern of many coulltries in the world, not only because of the environmental pollution caused by its exhaust gas and irritating noise, but also the menace it poses to bicycle riders and pedestrians. tlFurthermore, many gardens and grasslands give way to rapid development of traffic, leaving less and less space for citizens. Personally, I disagree with this lifestyle. Admittedly, the development of road construction and the private car selling have stimulated the prosperity of the economy. tlFor example, the increase in the employment rate, the sales of private cars and high taxes levied on car owners are what a goverrunent expects. But as a responsible government, it should have a long-term developing plan instead of just pursuing short-term profits. 0 A responsible government should always give priority to people's appeal. To make citizens satisfied, firstly, a government should preserve for the citizens more gardens and meadows, where people can spend weekends with their relatives. Gardens and

meadows can also purify the air, creating a good envirorunent for citizens. Secondly, a government should encourage the use of public transport and limit the ownership of private cars. Due to the economic development, many citizens can afford a private car. Take Beijing as all example, the sales of private cars increased by 50,000 per month. It is hard to imagine whether the current roads can accommodate such a large number of cars five years from now on. Finally, a goverrunent should consider the relation between economic development and environmental protection, leaving more green lands to our descendants. To sum up, economic development and environmental protection do not contradict each other. If a citizen is responsible, he or she should make great efforts to choose a comfortable living envirorunent by reducing private cars. "Food miles" is a concept that is often tossed around in environmentaily concerned circles these days. You may have seen celebrity chefs discussing the concept of food miles during their cooking shows, or you may have seen advertisements which make people aware of the food miles issue. Personally, it has both pros and cons. Maybe local food is more environmentally favorable. ElThe reason usually given for this is that imported food requires a lot of fossil fuel (and produces a lot of carbon emissions) to get it

to the market. Locally grown food, however, requires less fossil fuel and therefore puts out less carbon / greenhouse emissions and is better on a global scale. However, the food miles argument has a few flaws to some extent. One popular image that has been buzzed around by the media regarding the "imported food" issue is the idea that the produce is carried by air. Air transport is a very big producer of greenhouse gases (although the aviation industry is working on improving this) and the concept of produce freighted from one side of the world to the other is repellent to many envirorunentally aware people. However, it does enrich the diet of tables in the local places and promote international transportation. But, locally produced food is always fresher, which means that it usually has more vitamins and antioxidants in a useable way. They are better for people. Besides, fruits and vegetables that have been grown locally are probably allowed to ripen naturally for longer, rather than being picked under-ripe to reduce spoilage in transit. They may also not undergo certain ireatment to increase their shelf life. What's more, locally grown vegetables usually vary according to seasons. What's in season and grown locally is usually cheaper. This is a way to save money and to add some variety into people's diet. According to traditional Chinese medicine, in-season food has the right "sturr' in them to enhance one's health at that time of the year. So it is much better to have local food

mainly and with imported food as supplementary dishes. To measure the advance of a nation, two elements should be priorities: education and health care. Regarding education, tuition fees will be a huge barrier to equality indeed. Naturally, there are two attitudes towards who should pay the bill of tuition fees - the government or the individual. Personally, students are more responsible for this issue. f) Admittedly, the local government is obliged to public education to some extent, for it is an inevitable obligation for the authorities to support higher education for its citizens. However, if the government pays all tuition fees for college students, it will make the economic budget a pressing burden without doubt. f) As a resident, one should share the odds with the local government if possible. Nonetheless, why should students and their families pay tuition fees? First, attending college is a personal choice, which means not every teenager will go to university; if so, the government cannot support some of the youth since it breaks the balance in society. Second, it will be a driving force for those students who pay for their education at schools. Without charging, some may have an idea that they are not responsible for college life, so do their families. The situation will totally change if they spend their own money in learning at colleges. All in all, students should pay their tuition fees in large. For those living in poor areas, the government should provide some scholarships in order to maintain the balance and equality in

public education. Should kids follow their parents' advice or not? Some professors from Peking University believe that only following the advice of parents can enable kids to avoid all kinds of risks in their lifetimes. However, others hold an adverse perspective. Personally, it depends on different situations, not just obeying or disobeying. When it comes to obeying parents' advice, it is easy for kids to avoid all kinds of risks in society. Because their parents have full awareness of social experience which helps them to tell the difference between benefits and drawbacks. f)On the other hand, respecting others, no matter whether they are your parents or not, is a basic moral principle for an educated person. Therefore, they should follow the advice of their parents first; then they could use their own judgments to choose their ways. However, without frustration, one can never grow up. So it is important for kids to experience things by themselves, let alone experience from parents cannot be 100% right. In other words, with the development of society, the experience used in the past may not work ideally nowadays. Ten years ago, most people believed that going to university is an access to an ideal job. However, now the unemployment of college students has become a serious social problem. More importantly, one person should have one's unique personality through his own growing up. In summary, respecting parents is a symbol of one's self-quality. Nevertheless, whether we should follow or disobey depends on the situation individually.

Should students take a gap year before attending college or university? The "gap year" concept came in the decade following the Second World War when youth travel and cultural exchange were discussed amongst governments as a useful tool to create better intercultural understanding to prevent Future global wars. These bave been the two key elements in the gap year concept ever since--independent travel and volunteerism. Work travel appeared as a third key element with the introduction of student work visas in the 1980s. On the positive side, a gap year enables students to realize their brave new dreams through their own activities. In other words, it is a fantastic chance for any young adult to fight for his own life for a year. In addition, it helps students who face certain economic constraints back home to earn a little extra money that they can spend on significant purchases. More importantly, throughout all these activities, one may discover the true value of one's life and learn more about oneself. f) After that, using his good judgment, he may step into the very way he should go for. '\iowever, without parental guidance or school supervision, it is unimaginable to print the picture of their mass lives outside. Students may spend their year in parties and eat junk food. Orhe fact that these young 'people lack life experience means that the gap year will inevitably be filled with ups and downs. Even worse, some of these young people may not have enough stamina to endure all the tests they will face, and wiII fail in their very first trials in life.

However, even ending in failure, they can still learn much about how to live an independent life. All in all, a gap year is still a meaningful way for students to integrate life experience into a moderu education. It is of great importance to encourage these activities internationally, so long as students are provided with effective and efficient supervision. Should one go to university to further his education or take a professional training course? Some professors from Peking University believe that only advanced education can complete one's life education. However, others hold that skilled vocational diplomas enable people to hunt for ideal jobs. Personally, both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration. When it comes to professional training, there are two main benefits: For one thing, it is one of the most efficient ways to train people. In other words, within a short limited time, it is possible for the training to transform a green hand into a qualified worker instead. For another, it enables one to find a stable job with a sufficient wage. Without a skilled vocational diploma, and only a college degree, it is hard for a university student to find a good job after graduation. Therefore, skilled vocational diplomas are a must for modern society. However, further education can never be replaced for some good reasons: If one wants to make a living, he or she needs a job at first. Then, if one wants to live better, he or she should have a great taste brought by further education only. 8 In other words, further education can not only

provide people with the whole educational system, but also provide a platform on which one communicates with people in common smoothly. Through all these activities, one can perfect himself; therefore he may lead a qualified life in his daily routine. " In summary, my point of view on this issue is as follows: Skilled vocational training can only fulfill our basic requirements while further education can fulfill our desire psychologically as well. Training is for living; further education is for living better. o A heated debate has begun on whether the government or the professor has more right to determine students' subjects. Some may doubt the local government's authority in blueprinting the outline for university subjects. However, in my opinion, governments offer more assistance to make the correct resolution than teachers do. Although teachers are the closest people who update their teaching methods according to students' personalities, their problem is that they lack a full-scale view when making decisions on new subjects. 6 In addition, subjects are related to teaching books, and teaching books are related to selling profits, which may mislead the process of subjects innovation. When it comes to the benefit of governmental decisions, three things should be mentioned: Firstly, compared with a teacher or a school, the authorities have more money, which is a must for this public affair. In other words, the more funds invested in this area, the better the outcome will be. Secondly, no matter who is in charge of this project, individuals are the key elements

in the first place. Obviously, it is more efficient for the government to assemble more talent at one time who can contribute advice regarding subject innovation and planning. Lastly, without pursuing benefits, the goverurnent is impartial, and thus it will have a full-scale awareness of the systematic arrangement of college education. o In conclusion, governments are more appropriate to make a blueprint and provide a platfonn for college education, on which teachers play vital roles in teaching and cultivating. No one could avoid the tremendous influence of going overseas, more or less, which is one of the hottest topics of late. Some experts advocate that it is dangerous for youth to take such an task. personally, going overseas contains both pros and cons as a whole. The benefit of overseas education is manifested in several ways: Firstly, it is essential for youth to improve themselves with the help of first-rate educational systems. f)Besides, they would also benefit from the language abnosphere of foreign countries. " Secondly, a reputable university's diploma is a must for an ideal profession, which is equivalent to a sufficient wage; in addition, it brings about qualified social welfare as insurance for the rest of one's life. Lastly, a multicultural society enables people to broaden their horizons day by day. Naturally, it would boost the international links between countries. Then one will have a full-scale awareness of globalization. However, there are also some drawbacks of education in another country: Firstly, a recent study

reveals that more than 70% of overseas students in the U.K. encountered serious language barriers in the first half year, which may lead to misunderstanding and other issues. 0 Secondly, expensive and unreasonable tuition fees would keep countless students who live in undeveloped areas away from higher education. And it is impossible for them to participate in part-time jobs, for this would disturb their routines sharply. Finally, not all pupils can deal with the sense of culture shock. So the discrimination gives rise to some psychological issues at the same time such as loneliness and homesickness. All in all, although going overseas means facing a brand-new living situation alone, it is really stimulating for the beating heart of every young fellow. o Immense advances in technology benefit most aspects of people's lives, especially in education. Nowadays, students rely on computers for research and to produce a perfect paper for school purposes. Others have decided to drop the original way of learning and to obtain knowledge through online schools. 6 These changes in the learning process have aroused a special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of teachers in the classroom. Some people believe the role of teachers is beginning to fade because computers have been helping stndents study faster, compared with that of an original classroom. For example, in the classroom, students have different intellectual capacities, and thus some would be tied to a slow advance in their stndies because of others' incapacity of understanding. " However, in the

new stndy mode, pupils could progress in their acquisition of knowledge at their own pace using computers instead of learning from teachers. However, the presence of teachers is essential for stndents because human interaction influences them in positive ways. Firstly, students realize tbat they are not dealing with a macbine but with a human being who deserves attention and respect. They can also learn the importance of stndying in a group and how to respect other students, which can help them improve their social skills. Furthermore, teachers are necessary in the learning process because they know stndents' deficiencies and can help them solve their problems by repeating the same explanations, giving extra exercises or even suggesting a tntor. Hence, students can have a bigger chance of not failing in their subjects. In conclusion, the role of teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue to be in the futnre because machines cannot replace human interaction. Which way of learning is more suitable for students? Some people believe that group learning is efficient in many aspects. However, others hold an adverse perspective on the same issue. personally, both sides .of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows. The benefit of teamwork is manifested in two sections: For one thing, it is teamwork that helps people accomplish more advanced and tougher missions in their lifetimes. I And this will also happen in learning schedules, through which one can learn countless ideas from

colleagues. For another, it is also significant for people to improve their communicative skills in learning and social activities. Apparently, interpersonal relationships are one of the most important activities in people's daily routine. At the same time, group learning means more people are sharing the fees, which is a piece of good news for those students with a pressing economic burden. Cl Anyhow, ascertaining an equal chance to pursue education is more vital than the efficiency of education. However, when it comes to learning individually, also two main benefits should be mentioned: On the one hand, it cultivates one's independence step by step. In other words, one takes all his resolutions on what he wants to learn through learning and thinking individually. On the other hand, if one accomplishes a project all by himself, it will be hugely possible for him to devote himself to studying without any disruptions. With full preoccupation, he may discover something new, besides discovering already existing knowledge, which is superior to group learning. In summary, both group and individual learning are essential to students. The ways vary across different people with different learning desires. To solve this problem more efficiently and effectively, govemments and experts should reconsider this issue more insightfully and prudently. Oue to unemployment, should people give up further education? And what is the aim of higher education? Some people believe that a basic education can be enough to fuLfill the

requirements of a person's lifetime. However, others hold an adverse perspective on the same issue. Personally, unemployment has no link with education itself, which just does not synchronize with demands. & On the one hand, when it comes to basic education, there are two obvious advantages: Firstly, it is primary education that establishes the foundation of all subjects one should master. In other words, only learning from the very basic level, one may have the chance to get to know something deeper in the future. Secondly, and more importantly, through primary education, one can cultivate his desire of learning and understanding. Without the interests in study, it is impossible for anyone to promote himself to the higher levels. - Like the foundation of a building, primary education is the foundation to build one's life education upon. On the other hand, further education has ,its unique benefits: firstly, one can get the whole sysiem of learning schedule from higher education in college, which can benefit one's life constantly. Secondly, to evaluate one's life quality, there are two important elements: wealth and taste, which can be both gained from further education, if one works hard in that field. In other words, one not only can learn his major, but also can enjoy literature, art and music in university. Lastly, it is a fantastic chance to meet and chat with people who have something in common in higher levels of education. Universities are like a stage or platform, on which people can consolidate the friendship they have for one another.

In summary, not only primary education but also higher education has their own advantages, which should be protected as much as possible. Facing various kinds of education levels, people should decide based 011 their own demands. Learning a new language at any age is an enormously rewarding experience in many ways. While language learning is an enriching experience for all ages, children have the most to gain from this wonderful experience. Quite simply, starting early offers the widest possible set of benefits and opportunities. 8 What we cannot deny is that a longer learning experience enables one to grasp something new quickly and efficiently. The foreign language is never an exception. However, there are tiny differences between language acquisition and knowledge obtaining. Two benefits of learning foreign languages at early age are as follows: For one thing, children understand intuitively that language is something to explore, to play around with, and to enjoy. Their enthusiasm is both infectious and effective. The quickness with which they pick up their first language is nearly miraculous- and such a joy to watch as a parent. As children grow, all parents can attest to how much fun their children continue to have as they speak new words they hear and even invent new ones with a huge, bright smile. The joy with which children explore their first language makes childhood the ideal time for a second language---even if all the other

reasons for an early start did not exist. For another, children are always discovering new things, but learning a new language is a uniquely rewarding experience---at any age. " For children, the feeling of accomplishment that comes with their first steps towards a second language can spur them on to a deeper and broader passion for learning in general. And because children are at a special "window of opportunity" in which language learning is intuitive and natural, the ease and pleasure of the experience may boost their confidence and their desire for new discoveries. In short, there are many other reasons, and while this list does not exhaust the number and variety of advantages starting a language early can provide, these are just some of the most notable benefits of acquiring some languages in the bilingual society. OBe fore making their first step into colleges, students should choose a major, namely, subjects to learn in the future four years.8 There is always a debate whether the government or students have the right to make the resolution. Personally, both sides have some benefits to do so. From the students' side, if students have the chance to decide their own subjects, it is so spontaneous for them to pick up something most motivated. On the one hand, they will select courses by interests and personalities, which may ignite their learning desire. On the other hand, they could also learn from the subjects' selection such as making decisions not only by interests but also by other factors.

 From the government's side, it has a bigger viewpoint that ensures establishing a blueprint which will be a more sustainable one for the whole educational system. For one thing, if the government decides the subjects in college, they will make the resolution more objectively and macroscopically. This will promise that the subjects chosen are not only suitable but also systematic. For another, to accomplish this task, efficient and constant money and talents will be needed for a certain period of time. Only the government can organize such a huge project with high standard and quality. All in all, the government should provide a platform for specialists to make the future planning for college students. At the same time, students also have the right to choose something they are really interested in, for it is the very soul of university and high education, which is offering freedom to do everything even if it is not correct. Today's mass media consists of two main components: programs and advertisements. No matter whether you like it or not, advertisements have become an indispensable part in modem entertainment. Therefore, some believe that they have more entertaining functions than promoting functions. Personally, I cannot agree with this argument. Undoubtedly, watching advertisements does make some fun to the audience sometimes; for most advertisements contain fancy art elements that attract people to keep their eyes on them. What we should never forget is the question: Who invests money in advertising areas and what is the

purpose? The answer will be shown as follows. tiThe producers fund the advertisements for decades with the only purpose to make their products sell well at a higher price. Although some advertisements have entertaining elements, they are just for promotion on three levels: First, on communicational level, the purpose of making advertisements is to enable people to get to know the information of the product generally and vividly. @In other words, people start to know what a product is like through advertising on TV or through other channels. 8 The second level is much higher, which popularizes the influence of the product to the public. With the great help of modem media, people can easily sink into a population effect, in which they are apt to think that the product is not perfect but fashionable enough to have. Last, it may not appear in every advertisement, but each advertisement may contain some false infonnation of the product in order to cover some shortcomings. As a saying goes, "There is no reasonable consumer, but only crazy buyer tempted by advertising." All in all, advertisements are a vital element in the commercial society for selling products or services. The entertaining elements in those things will add colors to the promotion but only stabilize on this level for a while. When the 20 I 0 Shanghai Expo opened, the whole world could watch the opening ceremony live.OWith the great help of telecommunication, the media company worldwide dominates the

large amount of audience ratings. Personally, this has both helpful and harmful implications on local culture. On the one hand, the advantages of international media groups are so obvious that they can be summarized into two sections: Opening to the outside and accepting global media lead to a more opened situation that the local media companies can follow world standards when their experience does not match the demand of the audience, and then they can also create some updated but local-cultured programs with the help from all over the world. 6 In addition, the boom of TV programs worldwide enables the audience to enjoy a more colorful life without travelling around the globe. In other words, the healthy competition from the higher levels boosts the advance oflocal TV stations, which benefits the local audience at the same time. However, on the other hand, we cannot ignore the damages that the invasion of international groups bring about: Firstly, because of the cultural shock, it is certain that global companies cannot melt into the local lives with ease. Take cooking programsJor example, a survey conducted in 2008 revealed that 75.2% of the Chinese audience watched western cooking TV programs as a just-watching but none-doing thing in their leisure time. Secondly, the fast development of huge companies will easily crush the local TV stations whose facilities are lowleveled and whose funds are insufficient. Without those local TV programs, the local customs and traditions will never be preserved from generation to generation, for the youth get into the habit of watching customs from TV but not reading books.

All in all, although international culture may have some damages to local TV stations, the local media should learn from the outside instead of being afraid of outside. Only in this way can the local and then the international groups preserve local culture.