Worlds important Organizations and Groups of Countries G8

The Group of Eight (G8) is a forum for the governments of eight large economies. The forum
originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit became known as the Group of Seven or G7 the following year with the addition of Canada. In 1997, Russia was added to group which then became [1] known as the G8. The European Union is represented within the G8 but cannot host or chair summits
Collectively, the G8 nations comprise 51.0% of 2011 global nominal GDP and 42.5% of global GDP (PPP). Each calendar year, the responsibility of hosting the G8 rotates through the member states in the following order: France, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada. Group of Eight G8

Canada Prime Minister Stephen Harper France President Franois Hollande

Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Canada France Germany Italy Japan Russia United Kingdom United States of America

Italy Prime Minister Mario Monti Japan Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda
Russia President Vladimir Putin United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron United States of America President Barack Obama
President of the G8 for 2012 Also represented

European Union
Council President Herman

Van Rompuy Manuel Barroso

Commission President Jos

Date

Host country

Host leader

Location held

Website

Notes

1st

November 1517, 1975

France

Valry Giscard d'Estaing

Rambouillet(Castle of Rambouillet)

G6 Summit

Nations that accepted their G8 Summit

34th

July 7 9, 2008

Japan

Yasuo Fukuda

Toyako (Lake Toya),Hokkaido

[36]

invitations for the first time are: Australia, Indonesia and South Korea.[25]

This G8 Summit was originally planned to be in La Maddalena (Sardinia), but was moved to L'Aquila as a way of showing Prime Minister Berlusconi's desire to help the region in and around L'Aquila after the earthquake that hit the area on the April 6th, 2009. Nations that accepted their

July 8 35th 10, 2009

Italy

Silvio L'Aquila,Abruzzo Berlusconi

invitations for the first time

[5]

were: Angola, Denmark, Netherlands and Spain.[37] A record of TEN (10) international organizations were represented in this G8 Summit. For the first time, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the World Food Programme, and the International Labour Organization accepted their invitations.[38]

June 36th 2526, [39] 2010

Canada

Stephen Harper

Malawi, Colombia, Haiti,

Huntsville, Ontario[40]

[41]

and Jamaica accepted their invitations for the first time.[42]

Guinea, Niger, Cte

May 37th 2627, 2011

Nicolas France Sarkozy

Deauville, Normandie

[43][44]

Basse[6]

d'Ivoire and Tunisia accepted their invitations for the first time. Also, the League of Arab States made its debut to the meeting.[45]

May United 38th 1819, States 2012

The summit was originally planned for

Barack Obama

Camp David

[46]

Chicago, along with the NATO summit, but

[7]

it was announced officially on March 5, 2012, that the G8 summit will be held at the more private location of Camp David and at

one day earlier than previously scheduled.[47] Also, this is the first G8 summit, in which one of the core leaders (Vladimir Putin) declined to participate because of speculative reasons. This G8 summit concentrated on the core leaders only; no non-G8 leaders or international organizations were invited.

Britain hopes to refocus the event, possibly by discussing a single issue such as the Middle East and inviting key players, such as Turkey or Israel. David Cameron is

39th 2013

United Kingdom

David Cameron

TBD

critical of the value and cost of the G8 if there is too much focus on communiqus as opposed to building trust between world leaders. He has been looking at the idea of attaching the G8 summit to another event such as the UN general assembly.[48]

40th 2014

Russia

Vladimir Putin

Skolkovo[49]

G-20 major economies

The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by thePresident of the European Council and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for more than 80 percent of the globalgross national product (GNP), 80 percent [3] of world trade (including EU intra-trade) and two-thirds of the world population. They furthermore account for 84.1 percent and 82.2 percent of the world's economic growth by nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) respectively from the years 2010 to 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The G-20 was proposed by former Canadian Finance Minister Paul Martin (later, Prime Minister) for cooperation and consultation on matters pertaining to the international financial system. It studies, reviews, and promotes discussion (among key industrial and emerging market countries) of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability, and seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization. With the G-20 growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit, its leaders announced on September 25, 2009, that the group will replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations.
[ [4]

Members

South Africa, Canada, Mexico, United States, Argentina, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Turkey, European Union, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Australia

Date

Host country

Host city

1st

[14]

November 2008

United States

Washington, D.C.

2nd

[14]

April 2009

United Kingdom London

3rd

[14]

September 2009

United States

Pittsburgh

4th

[15]

June 2010

Canada

Toronto

5th

[16]

November 2010

South Korea

Seoul

6th

[17]

November 2011

[18]

France

Cannes

7th

[13]

June 2012

[19]

Mexico

Los Cabos

8th

[20]

2013

Russia

Saint Petersburg

9th

[20]

2014

Australia

TBA

10th

[20]

2015

Turkey

TBA

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SAARC
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation of South Asian nations, founded in December 1985 by Ziaur Rahman and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2005. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. The 16 stated areas of cooperation are agriculture and rural, biotechnology, culture, energy, environment, economy and trade, finance, funding mechanism, human resource development, poverty alleviation, people to people contact, security aspects, social development, science and technology, communications, and tourism.

Membership
Current members
Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka

Observers
Australia China European Union Japan Iran Mauritius
[10] [9] [9] [8]

Myanmar South Korea United States

Others
South Africa has participated in meetings.
[11]

Secretaries-General of SAARC
Abul Ahsan Kishore Kant Bhargava Ibrahim Hussain Zaki Yadav Kant Silwal Naeem U. Hasan Nihal Rodrigo Q.A.M.A. Rahim Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji Sheel Kant Sharma Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed Ahmed Salem January 16, 1987 to 15 October 1989 October 17, 1989 to December 31, 1991 January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993 January 1, 1994 to December 31, 1995 January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998 January 1, 1999 to January 10, 2002 January 11, 2002 to February 28, 2005 March 1, 2005 to February 29, 2008 March 1, 2008 to February 28, 2011 March 1, 2011 to March,2012 March,2012 to current

List of SAARC summits

First summit
The first summit was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh on 78 December 1985, and was attended by the presidents of Bangladesh, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the kings of Bhutan and Nepal, and the prime minister of India.

Seventeenth Summit
The Seventeenth Summit was held from 10-11 of November 2011 in Addu City, Maldives.

summit 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th

place

Date

Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangalore, India Kathmandu, Nepal Islamabad, Pakistan Mal, Maldives Colombo, Sri Lanka Dhaka, New Delhi, Mal, Colombo Kathmandu Islamabad Dhaka, New Delhi, Colombo, Sri Lanka Thimpu, Bhutan. Addu City, Maldives

78 December 1985 16-17 November 1986 24 November 1987 2931 December 1988 2123 November 1990 21 December 1991 1011 April 1993 24 May 1995 1214 May 1997, 2931 July 1998, 46 January 2002 46 January 2004 1213 November 2005 3rd-4 April 2007 13 August 2008. 2829 April 2010 10-11 of November 2011

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a geopolitical and economic organization of ten countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,

Seat of Secretariat Working language Demonym Member states Leaders -Secretary-General

Jakarta English[show] Southeast Asian 10

Singapore and Thailand.[9] Since then, membership has

expanded to include Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, protection of regional peace and stability, and opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully

Surin Pitsuwan

-ASEAN Summit Presidency

Cambodia

[2]

Establishment -Bangkok Declaration 8 August 1967

-Charter

Brunei Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Burma (Myanmar)

16 December 2008

Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

ASEAN Formal Summits

No

Date

Country

Host

Host leader

1st

2324 February 1976

Indonesia

Bali

Soeharto

2nd

45 August 1977

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur

Hussein Onn

3rd

1415 December 1987

Philippines

Manila

Corazon Aquino

4th

2729 January 1992

Singapore

Singapore

Goh Chok Tong

5th

1415 December 1995

Thailand

Bangkok

Banharn Silpa-archa

6th

1516 December 1998

Vietnam

Hanoi

Phan Vn Khi

7th

56 November 2001

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan Hassanal Bolkiah

8th

45 November 2002

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Hun Sen

9th

78 October 2003

Indonesia

Bali

Megawati Soekarnoputri

10th

2930 November 2004

Laos

Vientiane

Bounnhang Vorachith

11th

1214 December 2005

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur

Abdullah Ahmad Badawi

12th

1114 January 2007

Philippines

Cebu

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

13th

1822 November 2007

Singapore

Singapore

Lee Hsien Loong

14th

27 February 1 March 2009 1011 April 2009

Thailand

Cha Am, Hua Hin Pattaya Abhisit Vejjajiva

15th

23 October 2009

Thailand

Cha Am, Hua Hin

16th

89 April 2010

Vietnam

Hanoi Nguyn Tn Dng

17th

2831 October 2010

Vietnam

Hanoi

18th

78 May 2011

Indonesia

Jakarta Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

19th

1419 November 2011

Indonesia

Bali

20th

34 April 2012

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Hun Sen

Postponed from 1014 December 2006 due to Typhoon Utor.

hosted the summit because Burma backed out due to enormous pressure from US and EU

This summit consisted of two parts.

The first part was moved from 1217 December 2008 due to the 2008 Thai political crisis. The second part was aborted on 11 April due to protesters entering the summit venue.

Indonesia proposed a swap with

Brunei as it will play host to APEC (and possibly the G20 meeting) in 2013.

BRICS is the title of an association of leading emerging economies, arising out of the inclusion of South Africa into group in 2010. As of 2012, the group's five members are Brazil,

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

Russia, India, China and South Africa. With the possible exception of

Russia, the BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs. As of 2012, the five BRICS countries represent almost 3 billion people, with a combined nominal GDP of US$13.7 trillion, and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves.

Federative Republic of Brazil

President (head of state and government): Dilma

Rousseff

Russian Federation
President (head of state): Vladimir

Putin Medvedev

Prime Minister (head of government): Dmitry

Republic of India
President (head of state): Pratibha

Patil Singh

Prime Minister (head of government): Manmohan

People's Republic of China

President (head of state): Hu

Jintao Jiabao Zuma

Premier (head of government): Wen

Republic of South Africa

President (head of state and government): Jacob

BRICS summits
The grouping has held annual summits since 2009, with member countries taking turns to host. Prior to South Africa's admission, two BRIC summits were held, in 2009 and 2010. The first five-member BRICS summit was held in 2011. The [20] most recent summit took place in New Delhi, India, on March 29, 2012.

Summit Participants

Date

Host country

Host leader

Location

1st

BRIC

June 16, 2009

Russia

Dmitry Medvedev

Yekaterinburg

2nd

BRIC

April 16, 2010

Brazil

Luiz Incio Lula da Silva Braslia

3rd

BRICS

April 14, 2011

China

Hu Jintao

Sanya

4th

BRICS

March 29, 2012 India

Manmohan Singh

New Delhi

5th

BRICS

2013

South Africa

Jacob Zuma

TBA

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum

Exporting Countries is an intergovernmental organization of twelve oil-producing countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeri a, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OPEC has maintained its headquarters [2] in Vienna since 1965, and hosts regular meetings among the oil ministers of its Member Countries. Indonesia withdrew in 2008 after it became a net importer of oil, but stated it would likely return if it became a net exporter again.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Country

Region

Joined [25] OPEC

Algeria

Africa

1969

Headquarters
Angola Africa 2007

Vienna, Austria English[1] Trade bloc 12 in 2011[show] Leaders

Official languages Type Member states

Ecuador

South America 2007

[A 1]

Iran

Middle East

1960

[A 2]

Iraq

Middle East

1960

[A 2]

-President
Kuwait Middle East 1960
[A 2]

Rostam Ghasemi

-Secretary General
Libya Africa 1962

Abdallah el-Badri

Establishment
Nigeria Africa 1971

Baghdad, Iraq September 1014, 1960 in effect January 1961

-Statute

Qatar

Middle East

1961

Saudi Arabia

Middle East

1960

[A 2]

United Arab Emirates Middle East

1967

Venezuela

South America 1960

[A 2]

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries (formally Member Economies) that seeks to promote free tradeand economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional economic blocs (such as the European Union) in other parts of the world, APEC works to raise living standardsand education levels through sustainable economic growth and to foster a sense of community and an appreciation of shared interests among Asia-Pacific countries. Members account for approximately 40% of the world's population, approximately 54% of the world's gross domestic product and about 44% of world trade.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Member economy (name as used in APEC)

Date of accession APEC member economies shown in green

Australia

1989

Headquarters

Singapore

Brunei (Brunei Darussalam)

Type 1989 21 Pacific member economies

Economic forum

Canada

1989 Leaders

Chile

1994 -APEC Chair United States

China (People's republic of China)

1991

-Executive Director

Muhamad Noor Yacob

Hong Kong (Hong [2] Kong, China)

1991

Establishment

1989

Indonesia

1989

Japan

1989

South 1989 Korea (Republic of Korea)

Mexico

1993

Annual meetings of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Malaysia 1989 1st New Zealand 1989 2nd 3rd Papua New Guinea 1993 4th 5th Peru 1998 6th 7th 8th Philippines 1989 9th Date November 67, 1989 July 2931, 1990 November 1214, 1991 September 1011, 1992 November 1920, 1993 November 15, 1994 November 19, 1995 November 25, 1996 November 2425, 1997 Host member Australia Singapore Location Canberra Singapore

South Korea Seoul Thailand Bangkok

United States Seattle Indonesia Japan Philippines Canada Malaysia Bogor Osaka Manila and Subic Vancouver Kuala Lumpur

10th November 1718, 1998 Russia 1998 11th September 1213, 1999 12th November 1516, 2000 Singapore 1989 13th October 2021, 2001 14th October 2627, 2002 Taiwan (Chinese [3] Taipei) 1991 15th October 2021, 2003 16th November 2021, 2004 17th November 1819, 2005 Thailand 1989 18th November 1819, 2006 19th September 89, 2007 United States 1989 20th November 2223, 2008 21st November 1415, 2009 Vietnam 1998 22nd November 1314, 2010 23rd November 1213, 2011 24th September 2-9 2012 25th November 2013 26th November 2014

New Zealand Auckland Brunei China Mexico Thailand Chile Bandar Seri Begawan Shanghai Los Cabos Bangkok Santiago

South Korea Busan Vietnam Australia Peru Singapore Japan Hanoi Sydney Lima Singapore Yokohama

United States Honolulu Russia Indonesia Philippines Vladivostok Manado/Bali Manila

NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue
Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Headquarters Brussels, Belgium Type Military alliance Formation NATO countries shown in green Flag of NATO[1]

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Organisation du Trait de l'Atlantique Nord

(NATO / OTAN)

4 April 1949

Membership

28 states[show]

Official languages

English French[2]

Secretary General

Anders Fogh Rasmussen

Chairman of the NATO Military Committee

Giampaolo Di Paola

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, French: Organisation de coopration et de dveloppement conomiques, OCDE) is an international economic organisation of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. The OECD originated in 1948 as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Later, its membership was extended to non-European states. In 1961, it was reformed into the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a "very high" Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. The OECD's headquarters are at the Chteau de la Muette in Paris, France.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Founder States (1961) Other Member States

Secretariat

Paris, France 34 states, 20 founder states (1961) Leaders

Membership

Secretary General

Jos ngel Gurra

Establishment as the OEEC

1

16 April 1948 30 September 1961

reformed as the OECD

European Union
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union or confederation of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community(EEC), formed by six countries in 1958. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, theCourt of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area (which includes EU and non-EU states) passport controls have been abolished. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries andregional development. A monetary union, the eurozone, was established in 1999 and, as of January 2012, is composed of 17 member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy the EU has developed a limited role in external relations and defence. Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world. The EU is represented at the United Nations, the WTO, the G8 and the G-20. With a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants, or 7.3% of the world population, the EU generated a nominal GDP of 16242 billion US dollars in 2010, which represents an estimated 20% of the global GDP when measured in terms of purchasing power parity.

Political centres

Brussels Luxembourg Strasbourg

Official languages

23

Demonym

European

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France United Kingdom

Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta

Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden

Collected from Wikipedia