02/06/2012

Area under GZ curve - Boat Design Forums

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Thread Tools 07-28-2010, 02:55 AM

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Display Modes #1 Join Date: Mar 2010 Rep: 10 Posts: 4 Location: bucharest

claudiu01
Area under GZ curve

Help me to calculate area under GZ curve for a 8 m sail boat.

07-28-2010, 02:56 AM

#2 Join Date: Mar 2010 Rep: 10 Posts: 4 Location: bucharest

claudiu01
please some one

07-28-2010, 03:52 AM

#3 Join Date: Jul 2010 Rep: 46 Posts: 73 Location: N.W. England

latestarter
Junior Member

If you already have the curve, trace or transfer the curve to graph paper and count the number of squares under the curve. If you have not got the curve, see:GZ curve

07-28-2010, 04:05 AM

#4 Join Date: Mar 2010 Rep: 10 Posts: 4 Location: bucharest

claudiu01
Thank`s

07-28-2010, 04:22 AM

#5 Join Date: May 2004 Rep: 2589 Posts: 2,749 Location: Italy (Garda Lake) and C roatia (Istria)

daiquiri
Engineering and Design

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02/06/2012

Area under GZ curve - Boat Design Forums

A graph paper method is ok, but if you have the GZ curve in a form of a spreadsheet, you can let Excel preform the calculation for you. As I understand that you already have the curve, the required area can be obtained through a simple integration. A general info on integrals can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral The simplest (and the least precize, but sufficient for your goal) way of calculating the integral of a function is the Rectangle Method: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangle_method You basically have to subdivide the X-axis (heel-angle axis) in a sufficiently big number N of small intervals dH: dH = ( H_max - H_min ) / N where H is the heel angle. In this way, you have discretized the heel range in N+1 values: H,1 = H_min H,2 = H,1+dH H,3 = H,2+dH = H_min+2dH H,4 = H,3+dH = H_min+3dH etc. up to H,N = H_min + (N-1)dH Then evaluate the GZ at each H,i point: GZ,1 = GZ(H,1) GZ,2 = GZ(H,2) GZ,3 = GZ(H,3) etc. up to GZ,N = GZ(H,N) All you have to do now is to sum up the elemental rectangular areas, products of GZ(H) and dH, to obtain the total area under the curve: Area,tot = GZ,1*dH + GZ,2*dH + GZ,3*dH + ... + GZ,N*dH Which can be simplified to: Area,tot = (GZ,1 + GZ,2 + GZ,3 + GZ,4 + ... + GZ,N) * dH. And that's it. The numerical error will decrease as you increase N (say, 100, 500, 1000 or more depending on the accuracy of your GZ curve and on the required precision). Cheers

07-30-2010, 09:45 AM

#6 Join Date: Apr 2009 Rep: 10 Posts: 3 Location: shanghai

landord01

If you have the Gz curve, it would be easier to draw it in Autocad, then you can measure the area under the GZ curve.

08-14-2010, 02:43 AM

#7

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Area under GZ curve - Boat Design Forums

Join Date: Jan 2010 Rep: 10 Posts: 3 Location: india

sandeep
Sandeep

hiii, I think it is calculated by simple integration.you can use simpson's rules to find the are under gz curve.I suggest simpson's 1 4 1 rule.Divide the gz curve equally with a number of lines in vertical directions, if the number increases the result will be more accurate.The total no of lines should be odd no. including first and last.You can calculate the area by the following way Suppose the lengths are a,b,c,d,e,f,g then use the following method a*1=a b*4=4b c*2=2c d*4=4d e*2=2e f*4=4f g*1=g sum=a+4b+2c+4d+2e+4f+g then area=(h/3)*sum h=spacing between lines k..good luck

08-14-2010, 03:06 AM

#8 Join Date: Aug 2004 Rep: 1754 Posts: 2,475 Location: Australia

MikeJohns
Senior Member

If your data points are equally spaced its very simple:The Trapezoid rule rules ! For any part of the curve you want the area under simply sum all the y data values and multiply by the x increment, ( the space between each x value). That will be close enough. If your data points are not equally spaced you can still use the Trapeziod rule. Just look it up it's simple arithmetic.. If you want to play You can also run a curve fit program and derive and solve the definate integral between the ranges you are interested in, but that does need a knowledge of calculus. Although it is easy. __________________ Mike Johns.

11-04-2010, 07:39 PM

#9 Join Date: Apr 2008 Rep: 1305 Posts: 1,372 Location: Maine

dskira
Senior Member

Planimeter Daniel

11-06-2010, 11:33 PM

#10 Join Date: Oct 2009 Rep: 1162 Posts: 1,676 Location: SE Michigan

DCockey
Engineer Quote:

Originally Posted by MikeJohns If your data points are equally spaced its very simple:The Trapezoid rule rules ! For any part of the curve you want the area under simply sum all the y data values and
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02/06/2012

Area under GZ curve - Boat Design Forums

multiply by the x increment, ( the space between each x value). That will be close enough. If your data points are not equally spaced you can still use the Trapeziod rule. Just look it up it's simple arithmetic.. If you want to play You can also run a curve fit program and derive and solve the definate integral between the ranges you are interested in, but that does need a knowledge of calculus. Although it is easy. For a smooth curve with an odd number of points (even number of intervals) Simpson's rule is more accurate than the Trapezoid rule. Simpson's rule is equivalent to fitting a second order curve through each set of three points.

11-07-2010, 02:40 AM

#11 Join Date: Aug 2004 Rep: 1754 Posts: 2,475 Location: Australia

MikeJohns
Senior Member

That sounds like a mathematician talking :-) Trapezoidal will be perfectly accurate for this application, GZ curves are quite 'steady' as far as functions go and easily approximated by a constant slope over the sample interval. We don't want lots of decimal place anyway, that's a mistake often made in applied sciences; calculating something a little nebulous to far to many decimal places and imagining it's useful. Even the Riemann Sums I described above ( add the Y values and multiply by the increment) are accurate enough for design work and quite valid if the data point are not too far apart. They do have the advantage of being very simple and can be performed manually quite quickly. If you calculate the Reimann sum for the mid point of the value within the range then you have implemented a trapezoid anyway. __________________ Mike Johns.

11-07-2010, 03:34 AM

#12 Join Date: Dec 2007 Rep: 1348 Posts: 2,061 Location: Finland/Norway

TeddyDiver
Gollywobbler Quote:

Originally Posted by MikeJohns That sounds like a mathematician talking Just last week was rereading Skene (well pendling to work and few evenings away from home..) anyway.. Trapezoidal rule neglects the curved part apart of the line btw the points. So depends a bit on the characteristics of the curve (ie the boat in question) and the amount of data points which is the "right" method..

11-07-2010, 04:26 AM

#13 Join Date: Aug 2004 Rep: 1754 Posts: 2,475 Location: Australia

MikeJohns
Senior Member

Just look up the error formula for the different methods and it becomes abundantly clear. If you have a table of data from the PC with every 5 degrees then even Riemann will be accurate. Just sum and divide. If you plotted (like skene) by hand than you have a coarse data set and it would be more prudent to use simpsons for sure, but the accuracy is poor to start with and the real GZ curve will be a different
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Area under GZ curve - Boat Design Forums

shape to the Simpsons parabola approximation. If you really wanted to get carried away you could curve fit between 0 and 180 degrees with a 6th order polynomial and integrate it between any limits you wanted. In reality stability curves are not that precise to start with, boat design for example half tanks and no free surface allowance! To worry about a few percent error of the area under an interpolated curve is losing sight of reality. IMHO __________________ Mike Johns.

11-11-2010, 08:33 AM

#14 Join Date: Oct 2009 Rep: 1162 Posts: 1,676 Location: SE Michigan

DCockey
Engineer

[quote=MikeJohns;388720]If your data points are equally spaced its very simple:The Trapezoid rule rules ! For any part of the curve you want the area under simply sum all the y data values and multiply by the x increment, ( the space between each x value). That will be close enough. ....... QUOTE] Mistake in the written formula above. The weights for the trapezoidal rule with equally space data: 1 increment, 2 points: 0.5, 0.5 2 increments, 3 points: 0.5, 1.0, 0.5 3 increments, 4 points: 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5 4 increments, 5 points: 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5 N increments, N+1 points: 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, ...., 1.0, 1.0, 0.5 Multiply the data values by the weights, multiply by the increment size, then sum.

11-11-2010, 03:19 PM

#15 Join Date: Aug 2004 Rep: 1754 Posts: 2,475 Location: Australia

MikeJohns
Senior Member

DC The 'formula' is not the Trapezoidal. I didn't make it very clear, sorry. If you read my post 11 above it should be a little more illuminating than my first post. cheers __________________ Mike Johns.

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