WLCI TATA MOTORS ACADEMY SALES INDUSTRY PROJECT - I

1. Executive Summary:

Recession has badly effected on the sales and profit of the company. But in spite of all this company is running successfully. And to over come with recession company is adopting various strategies such cost cutting, freezing recruitment , financing to NBFC company , upgrading its technology , adopting de risking strategies and so on. Which help the company to survive easily in this global melt down.

2. Industry Study Automobile

(a) History of Automobile Industry:

In the year 1769, a French engineer by the name of Nicolas J. Cugnot invented the first automobile to run on roads. This automobile, in fact, was a self-powered, three-wheeled, military tractor that made the use of a steam engine. The range of the automobile, however, was very brief and at the most, it could only run at a stretch for fifteen minutes. In addition, these automobiles were not fit for the roads as the steam engines made them very heavy and large, and required ample starting time. Nicolas J. Cugnot :

First automobile to run on roads

Oliver Evans was the first to design a steam engine driven automobile in the U.S. A Scotsman, Robert Anderson, was the first to invent an electric carriage between 1832 and 1839. However, Thomas Davenport of the U.S.A. and Scotsman Robert Davidson were amongst the first to invent more applicable automobiles, making use of non-rechargeable electric batteries in 1842. Development of roads made travelling comfortable and as a result, the short ranged, electric battery driven automobiles were no more the best option for travelling over longer distances. Charles Kettering's invention of the electric starter in 1912, turned the process of starting automobiles more faster and easier at the same time, doing away with the hand tools. Crude oil being discovered in Texas, the automobiles driven by engines that ran on gasoline became even more affordable, as the prices of gasoline reduced. The prices of electric automobiles were going through a constant rise, in spite of the fact that these were less efficient than the gasoline automobiles. Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir was the first to invent an internal combustion engine that ran on petroleum and attached it to a three-wheeled carriage, and

successfully traversed a distance of fifty miles in 1863. Karl Benz manufactured the first automobile ( a three-wheeled car) that was affordable and compatible for travelling over long distances for its internal combustion engine that ran on gas, in 1886.Later in 1887, Gottlieb Daimler was the first to invent the predecessor of the modern automobile with an engine that had a vertical cylinder in addition to a gasoline driven carburetor. First building a two-wheeled automobile (Reitwagen) , Daimler was again the first to build a four-wheeled automobile in 1886. The engines manufactured by Daimler were improved upon and these portable and fast engines made automobiles the way we see them today. The advanced engines turned the slow, expensive automobiles of the yesteryears, a thing of the past, and cars became more affordable as both the prices of gasoline and petroleum as well as the manufacturing costs reduced through their mass manufacture at the assembly lines of factories. Penhard and Levassor in 1889, and Peugeot in 1991 became the earliest mass manufacturers of the modern automobiles

Automobile Industry in India

The automobile industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the sixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in 2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. In 2010, India reached as Asia's third largest exporter of Passenger cars, behind Japan and South Korea beating Thailand. As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the second fastest growing automobile market in the world. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 5 million by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads.

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around three clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster near Chennai is the biggest with 40% of the revenue share. The western hub near Maharashtra is 33% of the market. The northern cluster is primarily Haryana with 32%.Chennai, is also referred to as the "Detroit of India with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault and Nissan headquartered in the city and BMW having an assembly plant on the outskirts. Chennai accounts for 60% of the country's automotive exports. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster where the country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based. The Chakan corridor near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Fiat and Force Motors having assembly plants in the area. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions around the country.

(b) Current Position

(c) Future of Automobile Industry

Here is a few which relate specifically to energy use, development of electric cars and more efficient trucks / Lorries, plus new public transport / buses.

Revolution on the roads

Expect to see many rapid improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency using petrol and diesel, and many new ultra-efficient hybrid vehicles. Even if we only saw 30% energy saving in 30% of vehicle miles driven in developed nations over the next decade, we would save at least 9% in motoring energy use (at todays rate of miles driven a year). That would be the same as cutting todays global emissions by more than 1%. Greening of the world car fleet is happening rapidly. JD Power Consultancy estimates that a third of emission cuts by 2020 will come from improving petrol and diesel engines, and 14% from miles driven in electric vehicles. If all vehicles in America were hybrids, and half were plug-in hybrids (larger batteries), US imports of oil would fall by 8 million barrels a day or by 80% of daily consumption.

Electric Cars
Electric vehicles are one of the most important ways to reduce motoring costs, reduce carbon use in transport, improve air quality and reduce global warming. Expect batterypowered vehicles to be 10% of the market by 2020. Models like Nissans Leaf and Chevrolets Volt have led the way. Much of government economic stimulus packages for the auto industry have been linked to green tech, of which a huge proportion is things like battery technology. 16 million new cars a year are sold in EU alone (2.4m in UK). If we assume that up to 25% of the smallest car market could be electric cars within 10 years, that would mean over 1 million sold each year, at an average cost of EU11,000. Electric car sales would then be worth at least EU11bn a year in the EU.

Electric Cars More Efficient

Electric cars can produce much lower emissions than burning fuel in mobile engines, but it all depends on how the electricity is generated. Burning petrol or diesel in a small, mobile engine can be inefficient compared to the most efficient coal-fired power generators. When petrol is used to power a vehicle, only 15-20% of the energy is usually captured to drive the car forward, compared to 40% in making electricity in an efficient coal power station. It is true that a small amount of power is lost between power station and battery, and 20% of electricity put into the car is lost in heat (batteries and other components). But even when we include these things, we can see that coal-powered electric cars are likely to be better users of fossil fuels than diesel or petrol vehicles.

Where wind, solar, waves, tide or nuclear power is used to charge batteries, electric cars have zero emissions. Either way, air quality improves dramatically in cities as the use of electric vehicles increases. Owners can also save a huge amount of vehicle tax on petrol or diesel since taxation is far lower on electricity. It typically costs only 1-2 cents a mile in electricity. One thing is certain: if half a million people are driving electric cars across a nation, oil consumption will fall dramatically, while coal or gas power consumption will rise in the short term. Batteries are going to be one of the biggest green tech businesses powering not only phones and other small devices, but also cars, trucks, buses and just about any large piece of equipment that does not have a permanent electricity connection. Expect sales of hundreds of billions of dollars. President Obamas economic stimulus provided $2.4 billion to fund battery innovation and electric car drive projects. Car batteries will have another purpose: linked together when charging at peoples homes, to create Virtual Storage by power companies, to assist their power management at off peak times. This will make it easier for them to plug in huge numbers of wind and solar generators. Smart grids will allow power to flow in both directions, so that each battery can become a power source to other people in the neighborhood for short periods of time. If 200,000 electric cars were plugged into the German national grid, it could make 8 megawatts of power available almost instantly, giving more flexibility than the nation currently needs. Expect many governments to give huge incentives to people who want to buy electric cars. Israel and Denmark are leading the way.

Hydrogen And Fuel Cells Answer To Battery Problems?

Many people talk about the so-called hydrogen economy or water-powered cars. However, making hydrogen requires electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and in an area where most power comes from coal, these hydrogen cars are running on coal power. Hydrogen is also difficult to store and transport. It is a very thin gas which seeps through microscopic cracks, so gas can be lost when piped under pressure over long distances. Total energy per cubic litre (liquid hydrogen) is less than carbon-based liquid fuels, so tanks also have to be larger. Filling a normal sized fuel tank of 75 litres (20 US gallons) with hydrogen at room temperature and pressure will only take a car 1 kilometre. Hydrogen could be used in fuel cells, which make electricity at the same time as making water from hydrogen and oxygen. Less heat is lost than burning hydrogen, but they cost thousands of dollars per kilowatt hour to build. For all these reasons, it seems unlikely that tomorrows global auto industry is going to

switch to hydrogen anytime soon. Meanwhile, fuel cell development is being rapidly overtaken by huge gains in battery power and efficiency.

Better trucks for freight delivery

Electric cars are only part of the answer to more energy efficient driving. 70% of all EU freight is moved by road, and trucks use 12% of all oil consumed in the US, but the energy efficiency of most trucks is as low as it was 40 years ago. We will see a giant leap in efficiency of new trucks at least 40% in the next decade. Colani has already built a prototype that uses 41% less fuel than usual, while MercedesBenz claimed a world record for their Actros truck, cutting fuel use by 50%, partly by using superwide tires to replace each pair, together with aerodynamic reshaping. Up to 40% of truck energy is wasted by pairs of tires as they roll along the road at speed. Single very wide tires reduce rolling resistance by 4%. Here are some of the many approaches being taken by truck manufacturers and green tech start-ups and some possible savings: (Figures are of overall truck efficiency unless otherwise stated. You cannot add all savings together, as some reduce impact of others.) Low energy tires - save 11% of the rolling resistance to reduce fuel use by 4.3% Better streamlining (skirts, fairings and filling gap from trailer to cab) save 12% (Long haul trucks use up 35% of their energy in wind resistance.) Air jets at back of container / truck save 5% (another way to reduce wind resistance) save 5 fuel Longer length by 1.5 metres save 5% of energy per cubic metre of load Better diesel engine design or lubricants save 15% Hybrid electric-diesel engine save 30%

Hybrid trucks could each save more energy than nine hybrid cars Use waste heat to boost power or drive air conditioning etc - save 5% or more Better gearbox / transmission save 1%

Shock absorbers which generate power (Genshock) save 3-5% - generating up to 1 kilowatt of continuous power Slow down: 65mph down to 55mph save 20% Driver training 5-10% depending on the driver

We can expect very rapid innovation in this field. For example, the US Department of Energy has launched a $45.5 million program to get 378 mid-sized hybrid trucks on the road by 2011, with Eaton power systems on a Ford chassis. Bright Automotive aims to replace 50,000 trucks with plug-in hybrids by 2014. Each will save 16 tons of CO2 a year. Clean Power Technologies uses waste heat from truck engines to generate steam. This is stored and used when needed to help drive the engine or to power other equipment such as refrigeration units. The company claims 40% energy savings and is starting tests with two Canadian freight companies. Other manufacturers are experimenting with truck engines as electric turbines to power motors, similar to many diesel trains. E-traction has developed electric motors for truck wheels which replace heavy engines and gearboxes. The electricity comes from a diesel generator. The trucks run 40% further than usual for every litre of diesel. 10 trucks will be delivered in 2010 and 36 ton versions will be on sale in 2012. One problem with redesigning trailers is that they often belong to a different from the cab owner, and have no incentive to make their loads more efficient. One way to solve the problem is regulation, requiring all trailers to meet new efficiency ratings. Wind resistance is similar for long and short trucks, so longer trucks use less fuel per metre. Combination vehicles with four trailers are allowed in Australia but in many US states even a second trailer is forbidden safety fears. Japanese researchers are working on ways to create caravans of trucks, with only a metre gap, using multiple sensors, saving up to 20% of fuel at a cost of EU1,800 per truck. Another reason to allow longer trucks is to make it easier to move containers from ships, trucks and railways. Ships and trains can use 45 foot and 48 foot containers but EU rules limit trucks to 40 foot (12.1 metres). Ships and trains charge almost the same for small or large, so small containers waste money. They are also hard to pack with EU standard-size pallets. A foot and a half of extra length would save energy, time and cost and reduce the number of lorry journeys but could be a social nuisance unless weights were restricted to what they were (remember many trucks carry mainly air and packaging).

Buses and coaches instant extra transport capacity

One of the fastest and cheapest ways for government to expand public transport in urban areas is to increase the number of buses and routes, as well as providing high speed bus lanes through congested streets. New bus routes can be set up almost overnight, and the buses themselves can be bought and run at a fraction of the cost of building a new metro system. If well-used, the carbon per mile per passenger can be lower than any other form of transport. But it

all depends on occupancy. According to the US Department of Energy, a bus with average occupancy (9 people) is more polluting than a car with average occupancy (1.57 people). Many cities are developing bus networks that operate like a metro on rails. Concrete dividers keep the buses and other traffic apart, riders pay before travel and wait in enclosed stations with raised platforms so passengers at the right level. For example, Columbias Rapid Transit line handle 1.6 million trips a day, and has removed 7,000 private buses, reducing bus fuel and pollution by 59%.

3. A Brief about Ashok Leyland (a) Company History:

1948 The birth of Ashok Motors Founded by Raghunadhan saran, Ashok Motors was set up in collaboration with Austin Motors Company, England and incorporated on September 7th for the assembly of Austin cars.

1949 The first A40 assembled production began in September at the factory situated at Ennore, south of madras, and soon the first indigenously assembled A40 Austin car was rolled out.

1950 Ashok Motors and Leyland, UK agree to collaborate An agreement was reached between the two companies and the Ashok Motors got sole right to import, assemble and progressively manufacture Leyland trucks for seven years.

1951 Assembly of Leyland chassis commences The first Leyland chassis assembled by Ashok Motors at Ennore where four comet 350-engines tippers sold to the Manglore Tile Factory

1954 Government approval for manufacture of commercial vehicles The government approved the progressive manufacture of Leyland commercial vehicles and a license for the manufacture of 1,000 Comets a year was granted.

1955 Ashok Motors becomes Ashok Leyland Named after Raghunadhans son, Ashok, the company was renamed as Ashok Leyland with equity participation from Leyland Motors, Ltd.

1967 Indias first double-decker arrives Titan- The first Indian-made double Decker with 50% indigenous components was launched

1969 A revolution in steering For the first time, power steering featured on commercial vehicles

1970 A specially designed vehicles for the Indian Army 1,000 numbers of the 6x4 Hippo Tipper was designed and delivered to the Indian Army based on its specific requirements

1972 Production target upped to 10.000 vehicles a year The license to manufacture 10,000 vehicles a year was granted.

1974 Turnover tops Rs. 1,000 million Ashok Leylands turnover for the first time crossed Rs. 1,000 million.

1976 The Vikings appears The Vikings, the first ever bus with an alternator and a unique front overhang that facilitated front entry hit the Indian roads

1982 Manufacturing footprint expands northwards Two new manufacturing facilities at Bhandara (Maharashtra) and Alwar (Rajasthan) were inaugurated in march and august respectively.

1993 First Indian Auto company to receive ISO 9002 certification This was followed two years later with the ISO 9001 certification

1997 The stallion rides for the Indian Army The stallion, and all terrain logistic vehicle, was introduced into the Indian Army

2002 Another innovation in alternate fuel technology The countrys first hybrid Electric Vehicle was developed and showcased at Auto Expo 2202.

2007 Joint venture forged with Nissan Motors company, Japan For manufacture and marketing of light commercial vehicles.

2011 Enters the construction equipment space October 2011 saw the launch of a new brand Leyland Deere and the unveil of the first product from the Ashok Leyland John Deere joint venture the 435 Backhoe Loader.

2012 Jan bus worlds first single step entry, front engine, fully flat floor bus unveiled by Union Minister Shri Kamal Nath

2012 U-3723 Introduced Indias first 37-tonne haulage truck with the highest payload up to 27 tones.

(b) Ashok Leyland's Philosophy

The Board of Directors and the Management of Ashok Leyland commit themselves to: Strive towards enhancement of shareholder value through, Sound business decisions, Prudent financial management, and High standards of ethics throughout the organization, ensure transparency and professionalism in all decisions and transactions of the Company.

Corporate Philosophy
The customer is at the core of Ashok Leylands business and we firmly believe that our success lies in the success of our customers. Hence, we do not offer products alone, but a comprehensive transport solution that best suits our customers needs. Ashok Leyland has always strived hard to understand customers business and deliver solutions that not only add value to the customers business, but also facilitate their business and enhance their economic viability. Everything right from our products to our solutions to the way we do business is shaped by our core values which are inculcated into our very being. These values make Ashok Leyland: Innovative Agile Empathetic Ethical Enterprising

4. Products of Ashok Leyland

Wide variety of applications such as Gully emptier, Scavenge trucks, Water and fuel bowsers, crane mounted trucks, refrigerated container trucks, special application riot control vehicles, apart from flatbed, drop side bodies are imported & marketed. Buses to suit every passenger capacity requirement from 28 seater buses to 63 seater buses, plus double decker buses and articulated buses are available in the product range. Buses Trucks Tippers Special Engines

Buses: 1. LYNX
All steel structured, aluminum paneled high roof bus available in 35 to 43 passenger seat capacity with option of single or twin passenger doors , powered by four cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine , synchromesh gearbox, power steering & air brakes

2. Stag All steel structured, aluminum paneled high roof bus available in 18 to 30 passenger seat capacity with single passenger door , powered by four cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine , synchromesh gearbox, power steering & air brakes

3. Vikings All steel structured, aluminum paneled high roof bus available in 42, 49, 52, 54 & 58 passenger seat capacity in 2X2 & 3X2 layouts (optional high back seats) with single / twin passenger doors , powered by six cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine , synchromesh gearbox, power steering & air brakes. 4. Stag AC buses High roof Air conditioned Mini bus with single entrance/ exit door, emergency exit, passenger seat full reclining 18 to 24 numbers in 2X2 layout, Luggage compartment at rear, AC unit powered by vehicle engine.

5. Vikings AC buses Luxury high roof Air conditioned Large bus with single front entrance/ exit door, emergency exit & passenger seat full reclining 38 to 42 numbers in 2X2 layout. Large size luggage compartment at rear. Separate engine powered AC unit with individual seat blowers.

Trucks
1. Ecomet 912 10 Tons GVW truck with 16 to 19 feet loading span powered by four cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tiltable cabin suitable for applications like half body, bowser, container, ambulance, recovery, freezer, tipper, troop carrier etc.

2. Ecomet 1112 12 Tons GVW truck with 16 to 19 feet loading span powered by four cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tiltable cabin suitable for applications like half body, bowser, container, ambulance, recovery, freezer, tipper, troop carrier etc.

3. 1612H 16.2 tons GVW truck with 19.5 feet loading span powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering & air brakes suitable for applications like flat bed, half body, bowser, container & special applications.

4. 1613H 16.2 tons GVW truck with 19.5 feet loading span powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering & air brakes suitable for applications like flat bed, half body, bowser, container & special applications.

5. 1613 Cargo-Cabin 16.2 tons GVW truck with 20 feet loading span powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tiltable cabin suitable for applications like flat bed, half body, bowser, container & special applications.

6. 1618 Cargo Cabin 16.2 tons GVW truck with 24.5 feet loading span powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled H series engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tilt able cabin suitable for applications like flat bed, half body, bowser, container & special applications.

7. Taurus-2516 25 tons GVW truck with 24 feet loading span powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes, twin rear axle & tilt able cabin suitable for applications like flat bed, half body, bowser, container & special applications.

8. 3516 Turbo Tractor 35 tons GTW Prime mover truck powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering, air brakes & tilt able cabin.

9. 4020 Prime Mover 40 tons GTW Prime mover truck powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled H series engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & fully trimmed cabin.

10. 4921 Prime Mover 49 tons GTW Prime mover truck powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled H series engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & fully

Tippers
1. Ecomet Tipper 912 10 Tons GVW Tipper with front end tipping of 5 cubic meter bucket capacity powered by four cylinder turbocharged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering, air brakes & tilt able cabin.

2. Ecomet Tipper 1112 12 Tons GVW Tipper with front end tipping of 6 cubic meter bucket capacity powered by four cylinders turbocharged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering, air brakes & tiltable cabin.

3. 1613 G45 Tipper 16.2 tons GVW Tipper with 8.5 cubic meter capacity bucket powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes.

4. 1613 Cargo Tipper 16.2 tons GVW Tipper with 8.5 cubic meter capacity bucket powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tilt able cabin.

5. 2516 Tipper 25 tons GVW Tipper with front end tipping of 14 cubic meter capacity bucket (optional 16 cubic meter capacity bucket) powered by six cylinder turbo charged intercooled engine, synchromesh gearbox, power steering , air brakes & tilt able cabin.

Defence and Special Vehicles

1. Comet 4 4 General Purpose and Troop carrier.

2. Light recovery Vehicle 44 Developed for recovering and towing of vehicles unditching, uprighting and pulling up a slope

3. Stallion 44 A vehicle developed for general services. Playing the role of a work horse for the Army.

4. Crash Fire Tender A technologically advanced vehicle, it conforms to ICAO recommendations. It is used for emergency fire fighting in airfields. It is the only indigenously manufactured vehicle for this purpose. Offers superior performance in terms of speed, acceleration, carrying capacity and capability to perform on the tarmac / off the road.

5. Truck Fire Fighting Developed as the main multipurpose fire fighting vehicle.

6. Garbage Compactor A truck specially designed for daily pick up, compact and transport garbage to the treatment facilities.

7. Elephant Carrier A special purpose vehicle used for transporting and shifting elephants.

8. Crane Mounted Truck Vehicle with a combination of Drop side body and a crane, built to lift more, to reach farther, and to last longer that will help to be more productive.

9. Gully Emptier A specialized tanker lorry with suction gear which can suck wastewater, mud and sludge out of hollows such as the hollows below drain grids in street gutters and carry it to a suitable disposal point.

10. Refer Truck Vehicle with a refrigerated container used for transportation of temperature sensitive cargo.

11. Mobile Showroom Vehicle suitable for display of electronic and computer accessories. Specially used for campaigning of products.

12. Rail Coach A specially modified vehicle, where 2 buses are adjoined to form a 2 coach rail bus and running successfully in the north-eastern region.

13. Riot Control Vehicle A technologically advance vehicle used to spray water and disperse the crowds during riots. Used extensively by the Police and Army to control chaos and restore peace with minimal damage. These rugged vehicles include the latest in water cannon technology based on the advanced computercontrolled jet pulse system with a Highly accurate pulse firing.

Engines
1. Genset Application Engines ranging from 15KVA to 250KVA

Industrial Segment Hospitals / Clinics Commercial / Residential Complexes Theatres Shopping mall / Offices Rice Mills Hotels / Restaurants

2. Industrial Application Engines with power rating from 40PS to 200PS.

Front End Loaders Excavators Compactors Pavers Road Sweepers

Harvestor Combines Compressors Cranes Pumps

3. Marine Application Engines with power rating from 58PS to 193PS

Trawlers, Pure -Seiners, Gillnetters Sailing Vessels Marine generating sets Pavers Speed Boats Passenger Launches Ferries Auxiliary drive in Vessels

5. Competitors of Ashok Leyland

Ashok Leyland is facing a heavy competition from the following manufactures: TATA

Eicher

AMW

Man

Volvo