AKM-10 - About Key Maps - General Intro v8.4 1405-25

1405-25
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
<< Exact centerline of the piano Crack between E and F >>
Based on a Piano Keyboard Labeled With The
Rainbow Colors of the 7 Identical Octave Groups,
With the 4 End Keys in White
About MIW Key
Maps and
Diagrams
From the MIW Piano
Student's Workshop
Low
End
High
End
AKM-10
About Key Maps - Intro AKM-10 v8.4 1
All rights reserved: Copyright 1998-2014 Music Innovators Workshop LLC
Why Key Maps and Diagrams?
4
Twin-
kle
twin-
kle
lit-
tle
star,
How
I
won-
der
what
you
are;
I have a background in industrial engineering. Industrial
engineers work on how to make or build things. They
work on figuring out how to make something in the
shortest time and at the least cost. Then they try to
figure out some easier way to make it in even less time
and at a still lower cost. Then they try to figure out
somthing else to take it's place that will do the same job
in less time and ....
You get the idea. The mentality is " make it BETTER, but
make it easier, make it cheaper, make it faster!" This
mentality has been responsible for much of the wealth
and prosperity found in the modern world. It applies to
most of the things that we do at the office, at the factory,
at home, or at pla.... No, not at play. Some of the things
that we love and do have no business going faster, or
cheaper , or more simply. What does this have to do with
music? Music is play ... its art ... its pleasure. (But it can
be VERY hard work!) No room for industrial engineering?
Let's talk about the piano. Is the piano music? What a
silly question. No, the piano is a MACHINE. Do industrial
engineers have anything to do with pianos? You bet they
do. If pianos were made the old way (before industrial
engineering) they would be so expensive, hardly anyone
could afford one. But this really isn't the point. A pianist
is a machine operator - like it or not. (Of course, he or
she could also be a talented virtuoso, able to make
incredibly beautiful music on the piano. But this doesn't
change the fact that the piano is a MACHINE!)
The piano is a very complicated machine to run. You can
run it the hard way or the smart way. Which way would
you choose? Which way is which? Consider this. Let's
say that you want to run a computer (computing
machine) but don't know how. A few years back, you had
one choice: Learn to use the complicated code that has
been designed to let you communicate with the
computer. It was called DOS (Disk Operating System).
Only a few genius's learned this complicated coding
system and were able to run a computer.
Minuet in G
J. S. Bach Allegretto #: 1 3/4
5 4 3
Repeat
5 5
3
1
4
2
1
5
1
Fast forward to today. Even little kids run
computers now. How did this happen? The
simple answer is " windows." It's a graphical
user interface. It lets you point and click at
what you want. No code to learn. Now anyone
can run a computer. What does this have to
do with the piano? Just this. The piano is run
by knowing a similarly complicated code. It's
called the Grand Staff. This is an abstract
code that bears no similarity to what you see
when you look at the keyboard. This is the
hard way to do piano.
The smart way is to use a graphical user
interface that basiclly lets you " point and
click" the piano keys that are notated on your
sheet music page. Key maps provide you with
such a notation. This unit will help you see
how this " point and click" approach works for
the keyboard.
OK, but what do we do with the " hard way"
code that everyone uses? Think of the
complicated code that we formerly used to run
computing machines. We didn't get rid of it! In
fact it has become much more complicated
than in the early days of computing because
we now do so very much more with
computers than when they were first used.
And that code is essential. That's really how
people communicate with computers and tell
them what to do. What we've done with the
graphical user interface (windows) is that we
found a way for the great majority of people
using computers to avoid these codes. The
experts that make the computers work need to
use the code, but the rest of us that just want
to use the computers don't need to know that
code. We just " point and click" to make them
do what we want.
O Holy Night
.
Adolphe Adam
Reverently b: 5 4/4
4 3
O Db
ho-
ly
night!
the
stars Gb
are
bright-
ly
shin- Db
ing,
It
is
the
night
of
the
dear Ab7
Sav-
ior's
birth; Db
Essentially, we have a similar situation with
the sheet music for running the piano
machine. The grand staff code, like the
computer codes, is essential for doing the
many things that we want to do with music.
Most of all it's a nearly universal language of
music throughout the world and for most of
the instruments that people play. Also, most
of the music that has already been written
down is in that language. These are reasons
enough to keep using the grand staff now and
in the future. Let's face it, we're stuck with this
complicated code, and there's no way to avoid
it. Learning to read and write this code should
be a major goal of every person who wants to
be a well informed musician.
Well then, what's the place for the key maps
and diagrams of the keyboard? Key maps are
much easier for beginners to read. Children
can read them at a younger age because
theyre like pictue books. Key maps clearly
reduce the stress that goes with learning to
play from the grand staff. They are great for
people who want to play but can't or won't
spend the years that it takes to become
proficient with the grand staff notation. Key
maps can do most of the things that the grand
staff does. They work best for the keyboard
because they visually match the movements
of the fingers on the keyboard. They can
notate any simple to moderately difficult piece
with ease. They can notate very complicated
pieces as well, though not all. It's the only
notation one would need for nearly all of the
keyboard music that exists - except that it's
not yet widely enough available.
. from THE SOUND OF MUSIC
Richard Rogers Oscar Hammerstein II
Broadly b: 1 4/4
4 3
The
hills F
are
a-
live
with
the
sound
of
mu- E
sic,

with
songs F
they
have
sung
Perhaps the greatest advantage of
key maps over the grand staff is the
ease with which one can play in any
key, whether in many sharps or
many flats. The grand staff gives you
complicated codes for the sharp and
flat keys whereas the key maps are
simply " point and click" for all of the
notes, both natural notes and sharps
and flats. The rhythm on maps is
notated on a timeline that takes the
guessing out of knowing how long to
hold a note. By contrast, the rhythm
on the grand staff is shown in an
abstract code.
Finally, key maps are designed to be
beautiful! They show the pitch and
rhythm in a true scaled format unlike
the grand staff. They are beautified
with the colors of the rainbow.
Rhythms and chords have color
coding highlights that add to the
beauty of the music. (Many of the
key maps are interesting and
beautiful to look at in addition to the
beauty in the sounds of the music.
Key maps are truly a visual art. This
visual beauty is one of the reasons
we love to play from key maps!)
Example - Openng Bars of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata
Adagio sostenuto #: 4 4/4 MM: 52
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1

#

#. #.
Note Colors - Pink notes indicate the
left hand. Other colors are for the right
hand and highlight rhythmic elements.
White: whole beats. Green: 1/3 beats.
Blue: 1/4 and 3/4 beats.
Features of Key Maps
to learn.
of the fingers on the keyboard, making the keyboard much easier
a musical keyboard (piano etc). The map visualizes the movements
A key map is a special kind of SHEET MUSIC designed for playing
of the fingers on the keyboard.
left/right movements of the notes match the left/right movements
vertical, rather than horizontal. This arrangement makes the
Unlike traditional notation, the time dimension of the music is
visualizing pitch, with a vertical TIMELINE visualizing rhythm.
A key map combines a horizontal DIAGRAM of the keyboard,
of each note is proportional to the length (in time) of each sound.
the movements of the sounds on the keyboard. The vertical length
left/right movements of the notes are proportional (in distance) to
The notes are drawn to scale, just as in an ordinary map. The
fascinating and beautiful visual expression of the musical sounds.
proportionalities and elevations in color, the map becomes a
octave, just as in a contour map of the earth. Given these
A key map is colored to show the elevations (in sound) of each
(if it is a song) dynamics, fingering, chord symbols, and the like.
such things as tempos, key signatures, title, composer, song text
The map also shows other information expected of sheet music -
between the lines are played on white keys.
(straddling) these lines are played on black keys. The notes
The vertical lines stand for the black keys. The notes on
coded. This relationship is explained on the following pages.
know how the keys on the keyboard are organized and color
between the map and the keyboard, you will of course need to
Before you will be able fully to understand the visual relationship
H
i
g
h
e
s
t

K
e
y
e
Group 1 - Violet
Group 0 -
White
Group 2 - Indigo
Group 4 - Green Group 5 - Yellow
Group 6 -
Orange
Group 7 - Red
The 7 Identical Octave Groups
Group 3 - Blue
A piano has 7 complete octave
groups. Other keyboards with
fewer keys are grouped the same
way, but they have fewer groups.
Each octave group is colored on
key maps with a different rainbow
color to help you know which
octave group to play the notes in.
C D E
F G A B A B
C D E
F G A B
C D E
F G A B
C D E
F G A B
C D E
F G A B
C D E
F G A B
C D E
F G A B
C
About the 7 Octave Groups on the Keyboard
keyboards typically contain 4 or more full 12-key groups.
these keyboards usually contain fewer of these groups. These
keyboards are built with the exact same groups, except that
key at the right end on typical piano keyboard.) Electronic
(There are additional extensions of 3 keys at the left end and 1
the (folded up) diagram of the keyboard on the previous page.
keys (in groups of 2 and 3) and 7 white keys, as you can see in
repeating patterns. Each pattern consists of 5 raised black
The typical piano keyboard is laid out in 7 groups of 12-key
that we have named an " octave group."
instrument." It is this group of 7 white keys and 5 black keys
from any other set of white keys. So we call the piano a " C
you have played a C major scale. You can't get a major scale
and play all of the white keys until you get to the next C key,
it's white keys. This means that if you start playing a C key
keyboard is built so that you can play a C major scale with just
ending with the key named B, an " octave group." The
We call this 12-key pattern starting with the key named C and
are designed to take advantage of this fact!)
not designed for the keyboard. On the other hand, key maps
(Standard notation completely ignores this fact because it's
the 12 keys of the little piano that you learn on. Think about it!
are all played in exactly the same way, as exact duplicates of
one little 12-key piano to learn to play! The other 6 little pianos
of what this means. Essentially, It means that you have only
each other so that you can play all 7 of them as a group. Think
7 identical little pianos with 12 keys each, all lined up next to
The amazing thing about this grouping is that it is like having
identify each group by its number.
that those who can't distinguish them by color will be able to
octave groups are also numbered from 1 to 7 on key maps so
the 7 main colors of the rainbow, in their natural order. The
by showing each group in a different color. These colors are
way of knowing which is which. Our diagrams accomplish this
group looks the same as every other octave group, we need a
Key maps are based on the octave group patterns. Since each
Sample
Separate (cut) Here
Cut Off Here to Fit Cut Off Here to Fit
Fold Back
Blue Octave Group -- 3
High Group LowGroup
B A G F E D C
Sample
Separate (cut) Here
Cut Off Here to Fit Cut Off Here to Fit
Fold Back
Green Octave Group -- 4
High Group LowGroup
Home Base
B A G F E D C
Fold Up
Fold Up
PO
ST
PO
ST
Octave Group Locator Labels. Here are samples of the 7 rainbow colored octave
group labels that are available for placing temporarily behind the black keys on the
keyboard. These label the keys with the colors of the octave groups shown on key
maps. The labels also show the names of the white keys. This way one can easily match
the notes in a key map's blue octave group, for example, with the corresponding keys in
the blue octave group on the keyboard. The labels can be left in place until no longer
needed.
Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
Twin-
kle
won-
der
what
you
are.
lit-
tle
star,
how
I
Twin-
kle
Notes With Song Text
How Does the Key Map Show What Keys to Play? Now that you know how
the keyboard is organized, you can use this information to read a diagram that
reflects (or maps) the layout of the keyboard. The notes are placed on the diagram,
and show which keys to play, and in what order. The above diagram shows how this
is done. The notes start at the top the page and proceed down the page, showing the
sequence in which they are played.
This diagram is used to show beginners how to play a song. It's easy to
understand, even for young children. This diagram demonstrates how a diagram
can show what keys to play, but it's not quite yet in a format that can be used as
sheet music. It needs to be modified before it becomes a key map. The following
pages show how it is modified to become the key map that can easily be read and
understood.
The diagram below is a picture of a cutout that is placed directly on the keyboard,
standing up behind the black keys. The student places the cutout so that the images of
the black keys at the bottom of the diagram exactly match the black keys of the green
octave group on the keyboard.
Step 1. The main modification transforms the image of each black key into a single
black line. The line between E and F, which stood for a crack and not a black key, is
removed. The green stripe is retained to identify this group as the green octave group.
Every vertical line on a key map stands for a black key. (The border on this diagram is
not part of a key map.) The vertical lines retain for each octave group, the spacing of
the black keys in groups of 2 and 3. The spaces between these lines then become the
locations of the white keys. With this format, there are spaces 1 key wide (D, G, and
A), and spaces 2 keys wide (E/F and B/C).
Observe that this diagram retains its direct visual relationship to the keyboard. Note
that that on the keyboard, the way to determine the identity of a white key is to see
which black keys are nearby. The (visual) identities of all white keys on the keyboard -
and on the maps - depend entirely on the locations of the black keys nearby.
The 5 vertical lines remaining in each octave group form the music staff that is the
basis of all key maps. We identify each black line with an " address." The black keys
are referred to as keys 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
C
B A G F E D
Twin-
kle
won-
der
what
you
are.
lit-
tle
star,
how
I
Twin-
kle
1 2 3 4 5
4
Twin-
kle
twin-
kle
lit-
tle
star,
How
I
won-
der
what
you
are.
Step 2. The next step reduces the width of the
staff and notes so that more music can be shown
on a page. A colored header is added to help
identify the octave group, in this case, the green
octave group (number 4). The words no longer fit
inside of the notes, so they are moved to the right
side of the melody, in sync with the notes.
Step 3. The timeline is built in to show the
rhythm. The vertical lines standing for the black
keys form the timeline. The horizontal lines
running across the page, which are an essential
part of the timeline, are added to show the beats.
A double horizontal line at the end of each group
of beats (4 beats in this song) identifies each
measure. The notes are stretched to fit into the
spaces between the beat and bar lines according
to the lengths of their sounds, thus completing
the visualization of the rhythm. The white notes
are 1 beat long and the yellow notes are 1/2 beat
long.
The diagram is now transformed into a tiny key
map that shows the basis of this visualized
notation.
French folk tune Jane Taylor
Moderately b/#: 0 4/4
4 4
Up Twin-
a- kle
bove twin-
the kle
worl lit-
so tle
high star,
Like How
a I
dia- won-
mon der
in what
the you
sky, are;
2nd time End Here
Go back to the Beginning
Key Map for " Twinkle." Here is a finished
key map for Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
Changes from the Keyboard Sized
Diagram.
Size--The map is more compact. The spaces
between the 5 vertical lines standing for the
black keys are much smaller.
Colored Stripe in the G and A Spaces --This
stripe is omitted from key maps. The colored
stripe in the D space remains - along with the
colored stripe across the top of the map.
Spacing and Line Between E and F --The
vertical line showing the crack between the E
and F keys is gone. The notes on the left side
of the remaining wide space are E's and on the
right side are F's. The width of this space is
reduced to reflect that the E and F are only 1/2
step (semitone) apart This maintains the
proportionality of the pitch spacing. (Each 1/2
step across the entire staff is half the width of
a note.)
Vertical Lines--Exclusively for the Black Keys .
The only vertical lines in the map are the 5
lines standing for the 5 black keys of each
octave group. (Lines for the cracks between
keys B/C and E/F are never shown on maps.)
Song Text --The words and syllables for the
songs appear at the right of the notes.
Rhythm--Maps show musical time graphically;
the diagrams do not. Maps have horizontal
lines showing measures and beats. Notes are
stretched to show rhythm in direct proportion
to the time that each note takes.
.
French folk tune Jane Taylor Moderately b: 1 4/4
4 3 4 3
Up Twin-
a- kle
bove twin-
the kle
world lit-
so tle
high, star,
Like How
a I
dia- won-
mond der
in what
the you
sky, are;
Go back to the Beginning 2nd time End Here
To Summarize: Here's a key map of a 2-part arrangement of the song in
the key of F.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Here's a Map of the Full Keyboard -- It shows a note for every key on the piano.
Notice the patterns that the notes form. They're spaced horizontally just like the keys
on the piano.
The Full Map Expanded, Showing the Time Lines -- The horizontal dimension of the
map below shows pitch, with the vertical dimension showing time.
A Puzzle for You -- Five familiar melodies (separated by black stripes - not part of the
map) are shown below. This page uses an alternate color scheme in the notes. In this
color scheme the pink notes are played by the left hand and the white notes by the right
hand. Can you play the melodies and guess which one is which? The melodies are (in
alphabetical order) Brother John, Jingle Bells, Mary Had a Little Lamb, Ode to Joy (by
Beethoven), and Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.

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