STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING: From the Fundamentals to Advanced Topics

Philip Holmes-Smith

STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING: From the Fundamentals to Advanced Topics

Philip Holmes-Smith
School Research Evaluation and Measurement Services

Melbourne

Copyright 2009 by School Research, Evaluation and Measurement Services

School Research, Evaluation, and Measurement Services

PO Box 205, Red Hill Victoria 3937 Australia

Mobile:

0417 127 687

Email: holmes-smith.philip@sreams.com.au

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING 1. Review of Factor Analysis and Linear Regression Analysis Introduction Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) Linear regression analysis Summary Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Introduction Problems with conventional regression and factor analysis Fundamental principles underlying structural equation modeling From path analysis to modern structural equation modelling The eight steps to structural equation modeling Structure of the remaining Part 1 chapters 1.1 1.3 1.25 1.44 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.13 2.14 2.16

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3.

Model Conceptualisation, Path Diagram Construction and Model Specification SEM Step 1. Model conceptualisation 3.1 SEM Steps 2 & 3. Path diagram construction and Model specification 3.5 Model Identification and Parameter Estimation SEM Step 4. Model Identification SEM Step 5. Parameter Estimation Using AMOS to estimate parameters Summary 4.1 4.4 4.11 4.27

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5.

Assessing Model Fit, Model Re-specification and Model Cross Validation Introduction 5.1 SEM Step 6. Assessing model fit 5.1 SEM Step 7. Model re-specification 5.16 SEM Step 8. Model cross-validation 5.18

PART II: BASIC MODELS 6. Models with Observed Variables only Overview Univariate regression models, Multivariate regression models Recursive path analysis Non-recursive econometric models Summary Exercise 6.1 6.1 6.11 6.15 6.21 6.25 6.25

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7.

One Factor Measurement Models Overview Confirmatory factor analysis: Parallel vs. congeneric measurement models Modeling one factor congeneric measurement models Correlated error variances in one factor congeneric measurement models Factor score regression weights Reliability and validity Summary Exercises Confirmatory and Second Order Factor Analysis Confirmatory factor analysis Discriminant Validity Multitrait-Multimethod models Second order factor analysis Exercises Full Structural Equation Models for Latent Variables Path analysis with latent variables Multiple Indicator and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models Longitudinal (or panel) studies: Two-wave models Simplex models Totally endogenous models Mediating in Full Models Exercise

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.11 7.20 7.22 7.25 7.26 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 9.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.9

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9.

PART III: PROBLEMS IN STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING 10. Dealing with Data Problems Missing Data Ordinal and/or dichotomous data Outliers 11. Dealing with Model Problems Unidentified models: Constraining Parameters Non-positive definite matrices Constraining error variances to be non-negative 12. Appendices Appendix A: The Greek alphabet Appendix B: Overview of the available SEM software Appendix C: Description of selected AMOS toolkit items Appendix D: Variance, standard deviation, covariance and correlations 10.1 10.1 10.5 10.7 11.1 11.1 11.4 11.9 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.5 12.13

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