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A podcast educational activity based on a webbased program recorded in June, 2008 in Chicago, Illinois Available at http://onlinece.ashpadvantage.com/pharmtech
Program Agenda
Pharmacy Technician Certification: The National Standard Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph.
Pharmacy Technician Regulation: An Evolution in Progress Melissa Madigan, Pharm.D., J.D. Advancing the Practice of Pharmacy Technicians: Standardizing Position Descriptions and Developing a Career Ladder Bruce E. Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP Panel Discussion The Practice of Pharmacy Technicians Now and in the Future Panelists : Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph. Executive Director/CEO Pharmacy Technician Certification Board Gay Dodson, R.Ph. Executive Director/Secretary Texas State Board of Pharmacy Bruce E. Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP Chief Pharmacist and Senior Vice President Medco Health Solutions, Inc. Melissa Madigan, Pharm.D., J.D. Policy and Communications Senior Manager National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
Program Faculty
Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph.
Executive Director/CEO Pharmacy Technician Certification Board Washington, D.C.
Program Description
New responsibilities for pharmacy technicians are being identified throughout the profession of pharmacy, transitioning the position of pharmacy technician from a job to a career. Participants will learn how training and certification are the keys to professional advancement. The use of certified pharmacy technicians can free-up the pharmacist for patient-focused services. Speakers will highlight the opportunities available for pharmacy technician advancement. A PTCB update including accreditation status and consumer perceptions will be presented. Evolution and the future of regulation of pharmacy technicians will be reviewed. The session will discuss the benefits of creating a career path for technicians with a focus on training, recruitment, and retention.
Pharmacists
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. This program provides 2.0 hours (0.20 CEUs) of continuing education credit (program number 204-000-08-439-H04P). This program is provided free of charge. After participating in the program, pharmacists may complete the CE test online at the ASHP Learning Center (ce.ashp.org). A passing grade of 70% is required to receive continuing education credit for this program, and pharmacists can print their CE statement immediately. Continuing education credit for this program is available from August 15, 2008, through March 1, 2010. (08624)
ASHP Advantage
Instructions for Receiving Your CE Statement Online
ASHP Advantage launched a new CE processing system in August, 2008. You may process your CE and print your statement of credit at our new testing center by going to http://ce.ashp.org
If you have any difficulties processing your CE through our new testing center, please contact us at support@ashpdvantage.com.
NEED HELP?
Contact ASHP Advantage at support@ashpadvantage.com.
Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph. Ms. Murer Corrigan declares that she has no relationships pertinent to this activity.
Melissa Madigan, Pharm.D., J.D. Dr. Madigan declares that she has no relationships pertinent to this activity. Bruce E. Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP Mr. Scott declares that he has no relationships pertinent to this activity. Gay Dodson, R.Ph. Ms. Dodson declares that she has no relationships pertinent to this activity. Ron DeChant, M.S., R.Ph. Mr. DeChant declares that he has no relationships pertinent to this activity.
Pharmacy Technician Certification: The National Standard Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph.
Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph. Executive Director/CEO Pharmacy Technician Certification Board
Learning Objectives
Discuss the advances made in the pharmacy workforce and the certified pharmacy technicians role to assist and free-up the pharmacist for patient-focused services Review standards for pharmacy technicians for education and training, certification, and regulation Describe the value of National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) accreditation to the pharmacy profession
History of PTCB
The Pioneer for Pharmacy Technician Certification PTCB was established in January, 1995 to create a consolidated national certification program applicable to pharmacy technicians in all practice settings. Through the PTCB program, pharmacy technicians are able to work more effectively with pharmacists to offer safe and effective patient care and service.
History of PTCB
The Pioneer for Pharmacy Technician Certification Five governing organizations: American Pharmacists Association (APhA) American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Illinois Council of Health-System Pharmacists (ICHP) Michigan Pharmacists Association (MPA) National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP)
PTCB is the nationally recognized pioneer of competency assessment for pharmacy technicians, ensuring formalized standards in the pharmacy workforce through a nationally accredited certification program.
NCCA Accreditation
SettingtheStandardforCertification ofPharmacyTechnicians
PTCBs certification program for pharmacy technicians is accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). NCCA accreditation represents an independent audit by industry experts and ensures that PTCBs certification program adheres to current standards of practice in the certification industry.
Faster exam results - Results in 1-3 weeks Increased choices of when and where to take the exam Scheduling flexibility that allows candidates to reschedule up to 24 hours prior to the exam Professional, state-of-the-art, distraction-free testing centers Over 200 Pearson Professional Centers Nationwide PTCB will test in windows throughout 2008 and is exploring switching to continuous testing in 2009
PTCB assists state boards of pharmacy to develop and implement uniform standards for pharmacy technicians for the purpose of protecting public health.
Definitions
Registration is the process of making a list or being enrolled in an existing list. Registration should be used to help safeguard the public through interstate and intrastate tracking of the technician work force and to prevent individuals with documented problems from serving as pharmacy technicians. Certification is the process by which a nongovernmental agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met certain predetermined qualifications specified by that agency or association. Note: Some state boards use the term certification when in effect they register technicians
Definitions
Licensure is the process by which an agency of government grants permission to an individual to engage in a given occupation upon finding that the applicant has attained the minimal degree of competency necessary to ensure that the public health, safety, and welfare will be reasonably well protected.
Total # Passed PTCE Total # Completed Transfer Process Total # of Certified Pharmacy Technicians
PTCB certification is a solution which may help resolve or prevent medication errors and enhance patient safety.
Patient Safety
Skilled pharmacy technicians have been shown to play an important role in improving patient safety and medication-error prevention strategies. Certified pharmacy technicians have successfully completed PTCBs rigorous Pharmacy Technician Certification Examination (PTCE), thus minimizing risk for employers. Pharmacy technicians are a critical part of the pharmacy workforce.
Emilys Act
The Pharmacy Technician Training and Registration Act of 2008 named after 2-year-old Emily Jerry, who died March 1, 2006.
Emilys Act
Bill introduced by Steven C. LaTourette (R-OH) and Stephen F. Lynch (D-MA). Federal legislation that requires states to register pharmacy technicians and have them pass the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board exam. The proposed federal legislation would apply to both retail pharmacies and hospital settings, and is reported to not weaken any existing state laws.
Consumers have high expectations for qualifications of the people who help pharmacists prepare prescriptions.
Consumer Survey:
Perceptions about Pharmacy Technicians
Nationwide telephone survey >1,000 participants Equally distributed between men and women > 18 years of age Living in private households Survey completed during November 2007 Results released December 2007
PTCB. Survey Shows Broad Support for Pharmacy Technician Certification. Press Release. Certification. 12/05/2007. https://www.ptcb.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=PTCB_News&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm https://www.ptcb.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=PTCB_News&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm &ContentFileID=223 (accessed 2008 May 15).
Survey Shows Broad Support Among Americans for Pharmacy Technician Certification
PTCB Certification Programs 1100 15th Street, NW, Suite 730 Washington, DC 20005
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PTCB certification is a nationally-recognized career nationallybenchmark that provides immediate and long-term longbenefits for pharmacy technicians.
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Contact Information
Melissa Murer Corrigan, RPh Executive Director/CEO
Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 1100 Fifteenth Street, NW, Suite 730 Washington, DC 20005 Phone: 202-429-7566 Email: mmc@ptcb.org Fax: 202-429-7596
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Melissa Madigan, Pharm.D., J.D., is the Policy and Communications Senior Manager at the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP). Melissa rejoined NABP in March, 2006, after two years as an associate with the law firm of Smith, Rickert & Smith in Downers Grove, Illinois. Prior to that time, she served as Professional Affairs Manager for eight years at NABP. Recently she has served as a Pharmacy Law instructor for third year pharmacy students at Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy, Downers Grove, Illinois. She has practiced part-time in retail pharmacy settings in Chicago. In addition, she is a Past President of the American Society for Pharmacy Law.
Melissa Madigan, PharmD, JD Policy and Communications Senior Manager National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
Learning Objectives
Explain mission and role of NABP and pharmacy boards in technician regulation Discuss prevalence of technician regulation among the states Describe NABP examination validation procedures and relationship to PTCB technician certification exam Discuss disciplinary data for pharmacy techs
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NABP
Founded in 1904 Members are state, provincial, and territorial jurisdictions that regulate the practice of pharmacy - pharmacists, technicians, etc. Purpose assist member boards in the protection of the public health Competency Assessment, Licensure Transfer, & Model Practice Act and Rules Governing Board of PTCB
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Challenges
Fears related to legal recognition Increased responsibility with decreased resources
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Called for establishment of a national technician competency exam and disciplinary clearinghouse
Why Test?
The primary purpose of credentialing and licensure exams is to assure the public that key professional standards have been met.
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Exams are Carefully Developed Developed according to established psychometric guidelines and standards
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Practice or job task analysis Examination blueprint development Development and validation of test items Examination assembly Standard setting
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Third Step: Item Development and Validation Item writing training Collaboration Item review and editing Pre-testing PreStatistical analysis
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Fourth Step: Examination Assembly Content balancing according to blueprint specifications Consistent testing experiences Ongoing item analyses Content review
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Fifth Step: Standard Setting Passing standard Minimal ability cut score Established by pharmacy expert panel
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Census Data
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 # States Reporting 27 29 32 35 36 36 # Techs 139,560 158,864 192,631 235,340 252,383 284,421
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NABP Clearinghouse Disciplinary Data Analysis 2000-2006 20001004 disciplinary reports on pharmacy technicians reported from 27 states Basis for Board Disciplinary Action:
Alcohol or other Substance Abuse, n=151 (includes diversion as well as other acts like failing a drug screening) Criminal Convictions, n=55 (includes diversion as well as other acts such as theft) Diversion of Controlled Substances, n=82 Narcotic Violations, n=169 (mostly diversion) Unauthorized Dispensing/Prescribing, n=10 Unable to Practice Safely, n=12 Unprofessional Conduct, n=60
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NABP Clearinghouse Disciplinary Data Analysis 2000-2006 2000Conclusions Approximately 539 (approximately 54%) of the pharmacy technician reports are directly or indirectly associated with drug diversion, involving both controlled and nonnoncontrolled substances. Disclaimer Pharmacy Technician data is limited because the NABP Clearinghouse primarily receives information on pharmacists. Some reports are not complete.
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Case Law
Kaminer v. Eckerd
Florida Appellate Court, decided Oct. 3, 2007 Wrongful death Tech stole #126 80mg OxyContin OxyContin Tech -> Roommate -> Frat Brother Frat brother died Family sued pharmacy, manufacturer Appellate court affirmed decision of lower court decision granting summary judgment in favor of Eckerd Frat brothers own criminal conduct barred recovery
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Case Law
Kuznar v. Raksha Corp
Michigan Appellate Court decided Aug. 22, 2006 Raksha Corp d/b/a Crown Pharmacy Misfill Patient sued pharmacy and pharmacy tech for negligence Statute of limitations issue
Medical malpractice 2 years Ordinary negligence 3 years
Is pharmacy a licensed health facility? Court ruled in favor of plaintiff, pharmacy has appealed to Michigan Supreme Court
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Case Law
State of Ohio v. Hess
Ohio Appellate Court case decided November 8, 2004 Tech appealed conviction drug trafficking , theft Facts:
160mg bottle OxyContin missing; tech suspended Board of pharmacy investigator called in Investigator called tech in from home to interview Tech arrived voluntarily with husband Tech admitted stealing 150,000 200,000 doses CS over 8 months
Miranda rights case Court held tech was not in custody during interview with board of pharmacy investigator, therefore Miranda warning not necessary
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Advancing the Practice of Pharmacy Technicians: Standardizing Position Descriptions and Developing a Career Ladder Bruce E. Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP
Bruce Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP Chief Pharmacist and Senior Vice President Medco Health Solutions, Inc. Minneapolis, MN
Learning Objectives
Discuss three examples of pharmacy technician competencies that may be pertinent to the development of position descriptions. Describe several examples of levels of a pharmacy technician career ladder.
Advancing the practice of pharmacy technicians is a critical success factor in achieving a high performance pharmacy practice.
Pharmacy Technician
An individual working in a pharmacy who, under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist, assists in pharmacy activities that do not require the professional judgment of a pharmacist
White paper pharmacy technicians 2002: needed changes can no longer wait. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2003; 60.
Computer order entry Product preparation Automation management Inventory management Packaging operations
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Opportunities to Advance the Practice of Pharmacy Technicians Develop consistent job requirements and practices in all departments Optimize the practice of pharmacy technicians to allow pharmacists to further their practice Implement a career path for technicians to promote recruitment and retention
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Making it Happen
Technician Project Team
Opportunity to further capitalize on the knowledge, skills, and capabilities of pharmacy technicians Competencies Position descriptions Career Ladder Team Members Pharmacy Operations Human Resource Support
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Establishing competencies is critical to standardizing performance descriptions and developing a career ladder for pharmacy technicians.
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Prepares complex admixtures Well versed in USP Chapter 797 standards Performs quality assurance functions for IV room and sterile products
Charging/Billing
Maintains charge master Enters and maintains J codes Completes chart audits for billing questions as necessary
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Automation: Robot
Gathers lab values Gathers patient information: height, weight, oral intake, etc.
Reviews target drug reports Gathers information for oral intake, oral medications, etc.
Formulary
Maintains copies with additions and /or deletions Monitor non-formulary use. Prepares reports
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Senior Technician Specialist Technician Specialist Senior Technician Technician Technician - Entry Level
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Career Ladder
Senior Technician Specialist Fully competent in all elements of both the operational and clinical addendums.
Technician: Entry level Scope Performs a variety of technician duties while in training.
Technician
Senior Technician
Technician Specialist
Performs Competent in Fully tasks and the core competent responsibilities elements of in all related to the clinical or elements of preparing, operational the dispensing, addendums. operational and or clinical distributing addendums. medications under the supervision of a pharmacist
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Career Ladder
Technician: Entry level
Education / Certification / Training High School diploma (or GED) or an equivalent combination of education and experience. Must comply with state specific pharmacy technician regulations and requirements. Prior health care experience preferred
Technician
National certification by PTCB preferred
Senior Technician
National certification by PTCB required
Technician Specialist
2 or 4 year college degree in health sciences or related area desired
Experience
Summary
Advancing the practice of pharmacy technicians is a critical success factor in achieving a high performance pharmacy practice Standardizing position descriptions supports the advancement of pharmacy technicians Implementing a career path supports the advancement of pharmacy technicians
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Impact of PTCB
Certification: A critical credential in recognizing the knowledge and value of pharmacy technicians
Extremely valuable in the development of a career ladder Only nationally recognized pharmacy technician credential
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Gay Dodson is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy. Gay worked as a community pharmacist in the Dallas area for 13 years. While working as a community pharmacist, she was an active member of the local, state, and national pharmacy associations. She has been an employee of the Texas State Board of Pharmacy since 1982. She has served as Field Compliance Officer (Houston), Senior Compliance Officer (Austin), and Director of Compliance before being appointed to Executive Director in 1997. As Executive Director, she serves as the chief executive officer of the agency and an ex-officio member and secretary of the Board of Pharmacy. Awards and recognitions include: 2007 National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Lester E. Hosto Distinguished Service Award; 2006 Texas Pharmacy Association Distinguished Service Award; 2004 appointment by Governor Rick Perry to serve on the State Employee Charitable Fund Policy Committee; 2000 University of Texas College of Pharmacy William J. Sheffield Outstanding Alumnus Award; 1997 Recognition Award Texas Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 1993 Award for Outstanding Service Texas Pharmacy Association; and 1989 Linda T. Rodgers Memorial Leadership Award from Kappa Epsilon. She is a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Texas Pharmacy Association, Texas Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Capitol Area Pharmacy Association, and National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. She currently serves as ViceChair of the Texas Health Professions Council. Ms. Dodson is Past-President of the University of Texas College of Pharmacy Alumni Association and an active member of the University of Texas Longhorn Alumni Band.
Panel Discussion
The Practice of Pharmacy Technicians Now and in the Future
(There are no slides for the panel discussion.)
Panelists: Melissa Murer Corrigan, R.Ph. Executive Director/CEO Pharmacy Technician Certification Board Gay Dodson, R.Ph. Executive Director/Secretary Texas State Board of Pharmacy Bruce E. Scott, M.S., R.Ph., FASHP Chief Pharmacist and Senior Vice President Medco Health Solutions, Inc. Melissa Madigan, Pharm.D., J.D. Policy and Communications Senior Manager National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
Self-Assessment Questions:
1. In which of the following years was the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) established? a. 1975. b. 1985. c. 1995. d. 2005. Which of the following organizations accredits the PTCB? a. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). b. The American Pharmacists Association. c. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP).
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Which of the following activities may a pharmacy technician who is registered with the state board of pharmacy participate in under the supervision of a pharmacist, according to the NABP Model State Pharmacy Act and Model Rules? a. Drug regimen review. b. Patient counseling. c. Transfer of a prescription. d. None of the above activities is permitted. The primary purpose of credentialing and licensure exams for healthcare professionals is to: a. Assure the public that key professional standards have been met. b. Confirm the validity and reliability of professional education and training programs. c. Accumulate evidence supporting decisions made from examination scores. d. Limit the supply of professionals competing for employment, thereby increasing demand and salaries. Which of the following is the first step in the certification examination development process? a. Standard setting.
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