QUIZ

Prof.Dr.Ir. Hadi Susilo Arifin

Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Japan Spring 2012

How the relationships between

urban land use /land cover and

biodiversity/agro-biodiversity?

POPULATION OF WORLDS CITIES

Year
Doc. Citra Doc. Citra

1800

1900

1950

2000

2030

3%

14%

30%

47%

60%

Doc. Citra

Doc. Citra

Open field agriculture

Farm forestry, agroforests

Less trees Less Fields,fallow, patchy: Tree cover: forest mosaic Inte- Deforestation, Reforestation grateIntegrate Segregate More trees

More patchy: Segregate

Fields, Forests & Parks

Courtesy of van Noordwijk Courtesy of van Noordwijk

100% forest

Four Basic Concepts in LE

Landscape Ecology Function

ECOLOGICAL BALANCING PROCESS

Natural ecosystem Basic ecological balancing process

Structure

Change

C U L T U R E
Courtesy slide from Ong BL

MAN / NATURE
Resources
Natural Processes

Pollution

Pollution MAN Built Environment Urban Landscape

Technology

Resources NATURE Plants/Animals Greenery

Courtesy slide from Ong BL

Green City image, which is developed by high biodiversity

THREE STEPS TOWARD GREEN CITY

Promotion of Eco-office (7): Reduction of energy use; Reduction of water use; Reduction of solid wastes; Promotion of recycling; Green procurement; Conserving water and clean air; Appropriate control of chemicals Promotion of Eco-Project (6): Using e-friendly materials; Using e-friendly equipment ; Accelerate use of recycled materials; Green public engineering works; Develop green technology; Promote greening Green City Planning (5): Set green guidelines for public works; Set green guidelines for housing; Enhance public transportat-ion; Capacity building; Apply EMS to the whole city

THE TRIANGLE OF THE FORCES

COMMUNITIES INICIATIVES

URBAN BIODIVERSITY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY GOVERNMEN T SUPPORTS

ARID ARID ARID ARID ARID ARID

MONSOON & TROPICAL ASIA

Courtesy of Nakagoshi

Land area 1.3% of total world land,- Indonesia has 17% of total species in the world more than 38.000 flora species - in the fifth rank in the world with 55 % endemic MEGA BIODIVERSITY

MEGA DIVERSITY COUNTRY DATA

(RANK IN THE OVERALL NUMBER OF SPECIES PER GROUP OF ORGANISM) Continent LAC LAC SEA SEA LAC SSA LAC LAC LAC NA SEA SA OCE SEA SSA SSA SEA Country Brazil Colombia Indonesia China Mexico South Africa Venezuela Ecuador Peru USA Papua New Guinea India Australia Malaysia Madagascar Dem. Rep. Congo Philippines Higher plants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Mamals 1 4 2 3 5 14 10 13 9 6 15 8 12 11 17 7 16 Birds 3 1 5 8 10 11 6 4 2 12 13 7 14 15 17 9 16 Reptiles 5 3 4 7 2 9 13 8 12 16 10 6 1 14 11 14 17 Amphibia 2 1 6 5 4 15 9 3 7 12 10 8 11 14 13 16 17
Source: www.conservation.org/web/fiedact/megadiv/tables

Vavilov Centers of Plant Genetic Diversity

Areas of High Crop Diversity and Origins of Food Crops, according to N. Vavilov

Source: N. Vavilov, 1949, Chronica Botanica Vol 13. Waltham, Massachusetts, adapted by Reid, Walter and Kenton Miller, 1989. Keeping Options Alive: The Scientific Basis for Conserving Biodiversity. World Resources Institute, Washington DC. 1. Ethiopia ... barley, coffee, sorghum 2. Mediterranean ... oats, olives, wheat 3. Asia Minor ... barley, lentil, oats, wheat 4. Central Asia ... apple, chickpeas, lentil 5. Indo-Burma ... eggplant, rice, yam 6. Indo-Malaya ... banana, coconut, sugar cane 7. China ... sorghum, millet, soybean 8. Central America ... bean, corn, tomato 9. Peru-Ecuador-Bolivia ... bean, potato, squash 10. Southern Chile ... potato 11. Brazil-Paraguay ... peanut 12. North America ... sunflower 13. West Africa ... millet, sorghum 14. Northern Europe ... oats, rye

Source: http://www.wri.org/sustag/lba-01b.html; Copyright 1997. World Resources Institute

PROTECTED FLORA & FAUNA IN INDONESIA

Ministry of Forestry (2007) was declared: Fauna: mammalian (70 species), birds (93 species), reptilian (31 species), fish (9 species), insects (20 species), anthozoa (1 species), dan bivalvia (14 species) Flora : palmae (14 species), rafflessiacea (1 species), orchidaceae (29 species), nephentaceae (1 species), dipterocarpaceae (13 species). Endangered Flora fauna ratified CITES convention and registered 1.053 species flora and 1.384 species fauna into Appendix I and II.

LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT
Landscape structure or pattern can be quantified at three levels:

synonymous

BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT & ASSESSMENT

Population level

Genetic diversity

Community level

Species diversity

Landscape level

Habitat diversity
Courtesy of Nakagoshi

Pencegahan/Pengurangan Emisi

CLIMATE RISK MAPPING

CARBON STOCK ESTIMATION

Pencegahan /pengurangan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan
Type of hazards: Drought Flood Dengue Forest fire

Peningkatan kapasitas penyerapan carbon (enhancing sink)

Peningkatan stok carbon

Restorasi hutan

INCREASING CARBON STOCK

Mitigation for enhancing sink increasing Carbon sequestration Reforestation as national program: Production Forest Social Forest Community Forest Forest Rehabilitation Movement 1 ~ 100 Million Trees Planting Movement

BIODIVERSITY IN THE CITY LEVEL

Study Sites in Jakarta

No. Study Sites 1 Taman Monas 2 Taman Gunung Agung 3 Taman Surupati 4 Complex Senayan 5 Taman Langsat 6 Taman Cisanggiri 7 Taman Seno 8 Taman Kodok 9 Taman Jalambar Hadiah 10 Srengseng 11 Hutan Kota

Jakarta, Capital of Indonesia

COURTESY SLIDE OF PROF NOBUKAZU NAKAGOSHI

Doc. HS Arifin

Courtesy slide from Nakagoshi N.

Doc. HS Arifin

Doc. HS Arifin

Parks in Jakarta

The most frequent species of road tress in Jakarta and their origin
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Species Swietenea macrophylla Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Mimusops elengi L. Polyalthya fragrans Cerbera manghas L. Ficus benjamina Diallium indum Ryostonia regia Polyaltya longifolia Bauhinia purpurea Canarium indicum L. Tamarindus indica L. Khaya senegalensis Ficus lyrata Wareb. Artocarpus integer (Thunb.)Merr.). Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Cocos nucifera L. Areca catechu L. Mangifera indica L. Origin Latin America Indonesia Indonesia India Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Amerika Latin India Asia Continental Indonesia, New Guinea Tropical Africa, West Asia Africa Africa Thailand, Malay, Indonesia Tropical America Pantropical India Indonesia India Burma Remark Exotic Native Native Exotic Native Native Native Exotic Exotic Exotic Native Exotic Exotic Exotic Native Exotic Native Native Exotic

Improvement of Ecosystem Function

COURTESY SLIDE OF PROF NOBUKAZU NAKAGOSHI

Arifin & Nakagoshi, 2011

DIVERSITY OF LANDUSES IN STUDY SITES OF CILIWUNG WATERSHED, JAKARTA-BOGOR-PUNCAK BIOREGION N

Green Networks in Bogor and Its Vicinity

Cibinong Urban Forest

LIPI Ecopark Sentul City & Pancar Mount Gede Mount

Puncak BBG FORDA Litbang Hutan Safari Park Pangrango Mount

IPB Forest

Cilember Forest Salak Endah Salak Mount

Halimun Mount
Arifin & Nakagoshi, 2011

Arifin & Nakagoshi, 2011

BOGOR & BBG

IPB Sentul City Cooperation

Oriolus chinensis Pyvnnotus aurigaster

Ptilinopus melanospila

Copsychus saularis Orthotomus sepium

To strengthen the Eco City and Education City pillars, on July 21st, 2009, Sentul City have signed an MOU with IPB to cooperate in 4 (four) fields, i.e.: 1. Development of Eco City Concept 2. Developing Green Implementation in Buildings 3. Developing Environment Management Method. 4. Developing IPB Education Facility in Sentul City

Courtesy of Utama

URBAN DIVERSITY IN SENTUL CITY

The Largest Street Garden Map

Courtesy of Utama

Courtesy of Utama

Housing Development with Green Spirit

Nurtured Landscapes:
Landscape Ecology
Ecology is generally defined as the study of the interactions among oganisms and their environment, and a landscape is a kilometers-wide mosaic over which particular local ecosystems and land-uses recur. These concepts have proven to be both simple and operationally useful. Thus landscape ecology is simply the ecology of landscapes, and regional ecology the ecology of regions. (pp 12-13)

Courtesy of Utama

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Nurtured Landscapes:
Thermal Comfort

Nurtured Landscapes:
Energy

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Nurtured Landscapes:
Wind Control

Nurtured Landscapes:
Wastewater Recycling
Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Covelly Eco Home, Sydney Australia

by Kennedy Associates

Covelly Eco Home Sydney Australia by Kennedy Associates

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Nurtured Landscapes:
Urban Agriculture

Urban Agriculture

Center for Urban Agriculture, Seattle

Courtesy Boonlay 2009 Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Urban Agriculture

Urban Agriculture

An arcology - a self sustainable building, capable of providing food, water, and energy to the inhabitants of the complex.
http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/04/05/skyscraper-farming-farming-reaches-to-the-sky/ Courtesy Boonlay 2009

A new IPB Library Bld is designed as green building. http://nysunworks.org/index.php

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Nurtured Landscapes:
Hydrology

Nurtured Landscapes:
Phytoremediation

(Herbert Dreisetl, Dieter Grau, Karl H.C. Ludwig( Editors).Waterscapes : planning, building and designing with water. Basel, Switzerland : Birkhauser, 2001.)

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

LIUXIANCUN ECOCITY

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

THANK YOU
E-mail: hsarifin@ipb.ac.id Website: http://www.hsarifin.com

Courtesy Boonlay 2009

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