Differential Equations.

Problems for Engineers

Overall rules:
The submission of the Problem of differential equations willnot be compulsory to
pass the subject Differential Equations
It will focus on the original resolution of an engineering problem making use of a differential
equation. The method being used will be included in the contents of the subject Differential
Equations. Other original problems regarding physical, geometrical or other can also be
submitted.
It is highly advisable to include a proof by some alternative method within the problem itself.
In case that proof is not included as part of the resolution, it is compulsory to attach (in a
different sheet) some kind of checking test proving that the solution is as expected.
For those willing to submit it, the deadline willbe May 25
th
, 2012
The Problem will allow for an increase in the final mark with a maximum of 0.3 and a
minimum of 0.0, depending on the quality of the work
That increase in the final mark willbe considered for all the exams (by course,
June and July) within the academic year and willnot be kept for the
following years
The Problem will be fully written in English
The Problem will adjust to writing regulations provided in this document
The student willing to submit the coursework will name the .docx document as
firstsurnamesecondsurnamenameYES.docx or
firstsurnamesecondsurnamenameNO.docx
depending on his/her willing to have (or not) the exercise published (if chosen for publication),
and will post it to the address pvellando@udc.es before the deadline.
Example: rodriguezgomezluisYES.docx
Those problems being selected for publication will appear (together with the name of the
author) as part of a pdf exercise book to be issued for good with free access and copy in
the web page of the subject Differential Equations for future students
Obviously, writing YES or NO willhave no consequences in the mark
being assigned to the work.
Following a brief example is shown:
1
Differential Equations. Problems for Engineers
p 1.1 Francisco Rivera lvarez, curso 2011/12
The U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word U-Boot itself an abbreviation of
Unterseeboot ("undersea boat", or submarine), and refers to military submarines operated by
Germany
In the First World War the U-boot and submarines had an important role, because in this one the naval
wars were important.
These submarines werent working as the modern submarines, really the u-boat were called
submersible, use two motor, diesel and electric, using the diesel for surface and the electric when
submerged. Due to the limit of electric battery, they used to go by surface and ocasionally submerged.
From the First World War, new detection tools and weapons were developed, besides design of new
submarines as the submarine-aircraft, which has waterproof platform for take someone seaplane,
improving the recognise they bring to the convoy who accompanied it.
In the Second World War the German submarines were important. The Japanese development in
submarines was important too, in spite of its inefficacy in the war. After the Treaty of Versalles, the
production of surface boats was limited, then the Germans devoted their attention to the construction
of submarines. Their intentions were cut the maritime commerce destroying more ships than britains
could build.
The German strategy consisted in sending a single submarine to patrol an area of map, reporting the
number of ships than crossed the area. Then if they saw some target or convoy, the submarine
followed the target. If the enemies were few, it could attack them, but in normally and if it was a
convoy, several submarines came to follow the convoy.
Most of the attacks took place at night and on the surface with the deck gun, because submarines had
little few torpedoes.
U-boot VI and U-boat IX, their structure are similar, but
the U IX was prepared for large trips. This two
submarines was the best of U-boat in Second World War,
because they had a lot of maneuverability
U-boat VI: 66.6x6.2m/maximumdepth 80m/ 5 torpedoes
Tubes/ 17.7 knots surfaced and 7.6 knots submerged.
U-boat IX: 76.6x6.84m/maximumdepth 80m/ 5 torpedoes
Tubes/ 17.7 knots surfaced and 7.6 knots submerged.
Tip: The dimensions of submarines are length x beam.
The U-boat XXI was very advanced for its
time, due to its powerful electric motors and
their hydrodynamic hull
U-boat VI: 76.6x8m/maximumdepth 270m/
6 torpedoes tubes, and had someone
torpedoes tube in stern/15.6 knots surfaced
and 16.8 knots submerged.
The captain of the U-boat VII-C need to calculate:
a) Obtain the trajectory to intercept a ship moving with constant speed in a straight line that
has been sighted in (b, 0) while you standing in (0,0). Vs =velocity of submarine; b
V
=velocity of boat.
b) There are many types of torpedoes. In World War II was famous the type T. Some
torpedoes had fixed trajectory but to achieve certain accuracy the submarine had to be very
near of the target. By increasing defenses against submarines were developed torpedoes
pursuers and patron torpedoes. Los patron torpedoes were following The torpedoes were
following a trajectory like this
8 /
) sin( ) (
x
e x a x y in order to achieve some goal of the
convoy. Obtain the orthogonal trajectory of patron torpedo.
Differential Equations. Problems for Engineers
a) As the submarine (S) always looks to boat (B), the tangent line
passing by the position thus at T = t go through (x,y) and (b, t V
b )
b x
t V y
dx
dy
b

b
V
b x y y
t
) ( '

As S is a constant speed, travels a length such that:

+
x
s
dx x y t V
0
2
) ( ' 1 Then t is changed in the equation:

+
x
b
s
dx y b x y y
V
V
0
2
' 1 )) ( ' (
It is an equation solvable in y.
{ }

+
x
b
s
dx p b x p y
V
V
p y
0
2
1 )) ( ( '
Derivate respect x (
dx
d
)
2
1 ) ) ( ( p p b x
dx
dp
p
V
V
b
s
+



+
) (
1
2
b x
dx
V
V
p
dp
b
b
b
s
V
V
b x
b
p p
,
_

+ +
2
1
Eliminated the square
b
s
b
s
V
V
b
s
V
V
V
V
p p
x b
b
p

,
_

+
,
_

+ 2 1
2
2
2
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

b
s
b
s
V
V
V
V
x b
b
x b
b
y
2
1
'
Integrated the expression
2 2
1 1
1
1
1
1
2 / ) (
b s
b s
s
b
V
V
s
b
V
V
V V
V V
b
V
V
b
x
V
V
b
x
b x y
s
b
s
b

+
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

+
There are not constant of integration because the equation start in (0,0)
b)
8 /
) sin(
x
e x a y ,its in the graphic.
Now, calculate the orthogonal function.
First, eliminate the parameter, derivate respect to x,
dx
d
8
) sin(
) cos( '
8 /
8 /
x
x
e x a
e x a y +
Then

8
) sin(
) (cos(
'
8 /
x
x e
y
a
x
8
) sin(
) cos(
) sin( '
x
x
x y
y
+

Change the tangent by the orthogonal tangent:

'

'
1
'
y
y
8
1
) cot(
1
'
+

x
y y

8
1
) cot(x
dx
ydy
The result is:
c y x x x +
2
)) cos( 8 ) log(sin( (
65
8
c
x x x
y +
+
t
65
) cos( 8 ) log(sin(
2
3