Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(1)
Question (2)
Option 1 (3)
Select the pair which form a part of Operations Research Select the one which does not form a part of Operations Research Select the one which does not form a part of Operations Research Linear Programming is generally applied in the areas of A Machine Repairmans Problem is generally solved by using the OR Technique
2 3
Theory of Queues Theory of Games product selection scheduling Dynamic Programming Marketing, Personnel, Finance and Material system approach to decision making F.W. Taylor
7 8 9
The important contribution of F. W. Taylor in Management is the concept of Micro-motion study is attributed to
Introduction of charting techniques for F.W. Taylor scheduling and production control is attributed to providing manufacturing flexibility for switching over to new products.
10
11
The function of determing ahead the future courses of actions to achieve the selected goals Decision making and results is called as
12
Which of the following wage incentive plan guarantee minimum wage to a worker and bonus is paid for the fixed percentage of time saved Wage incentive plan applied to all workers is Wage incentive plan in which bonus is paid to a worker on the percentage of time worked is known as If R is hourly rate, S is the standard time for the job, T is the actual time, then according to Hasley 50-50 plan, wages for the job will be equal to If R is hourly rate, S is the standard time for the job, T is the actual time, then according to Rowan plan , wages for the job will be equal to
Roman plan
13 14
15
TR
16
TR
17
According to Emerson plan of wage incentive system, bonus is paid to worker whose efficiency 0.5 is more than Plan according to which the bonus increases in proportion to the increase in efficiency is Incentive plan, in which bonus is based on standard time is F. W. Taylor introduced a system of working known as Technical index is equal to Hasley plan
18
19 20
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Technique of work measurement is A compact estimate about the amount of materials handling between various work stations, is obtained from
time study
23 24 25 26 27
Travel chart
inventory control
Jobs going behind the schedule are conveniently Bar chart shown in The production manager is selecting five mechanics to work in the shop, he is performing staffing the function of Machine loading is a planning function
28
production levels of a production system reduction in the standard time. Capital charges and External Expenses are not considered in both the input and output sides.
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line organisation
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33 34
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A chart indicating the position and their relative Organisation chart interactions within a firm is called as The price per unit is Rs. 10, the material cost Rs. 2 per unit and profit per unit is Rs. 2. The total 1.3 earning productivity is Mathematical technique used for finding the best use of limited resources of concern in an queuing theory optimum manner is known as Decision making is a process of achieving the objective it is helpful for systematic study and quantitive evaluation.
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Uncertainty of future
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A firm wants an economic decision on fixing the minimum quantity of producing and selling. The Gantt Chart chart that is useful for the decision making is
40
When the sales output is increased from 10 to 12 lakhs of rupees and the labour costs are increased from 5 and 8 lakhs of rupees the productivity has decreased by
10%
41
When the labour is reduced by 20%, the inrease 5% in labour productivity is When output increases from 100 to 120 and simultaneously input increasesfrom 150 to 180, productivity
42
increases
43 44
45
a planning layout
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In steel plant the most important system for materials handling is Routing prescribes the Queuing theory deals with problems of Standard time is defined as Father of industrial engineering is The grouping of activities into orgonisational units is called Organisation preferred in automobile industry is
conveyors flow of material in the plant material handling normal time + allowances Jeck Gilberth corporate plans functional organisation
53
The wastage of material in the store is taken into account by the following method in the inflated system evaluation of the material issued from the store Which of the folowing is independent of sales forecast In A-B-C control policy, maixmum attention is Productivity those items which consume money
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all industries
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Merit Rating is the method of determining worth of Material handling and plant location is analysed by The employees provident fund act is applicable to
a job Ganttchart
61
all industries
62
The amount deducted from the salary of workers credited into towards employees provident fund is reserves of company
63
The deductions for employees provident start If a worker gets a daily wage of Rs HA, then according to Rowan plan, his maximum daily earnings can be The odd man is Current assets include Routing is essential in the following type of industry Graphical method, simplex method, and trans portion method, are concerned with In Lincoln plan (one type of group incentive plan), the amount of the profit which an employee receives in addition to the guaranteed basic pay wages, is based on
immediately on joining the service 2 HA Taylor manufacturing plant assembly industry break-even analysis
64 65 66 67 68
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70
Incentive plan which ensures a part of the saving Emerson efficiency to the worker and rest to the employer, is plan
71
Which of the following is not wage incentive plan? Plans which motivate supervisors by paying a premium on time saved by workers, is The time required to complete a task is established and a bonus is paid to the worker for every hour he saves from the established time required. This type of incentive plan is known as
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73
Rowan plan
74
One of the basic essentials of an incentive plan is that The path and movements followed by men, materials and equipments in executing the activities is indicated by SIMO charts are used in
75 76
77
A SIMO chart is
graphic representation of the separable steps of each pertinent body member of the individual
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A chart used to review the overall sequence of SIMOchart an operation by focusing either the movement of operators or materials is called Stop - watch is the basic tool in work study
80
Gantt chart gives information about 81 Standard timei is equal to 82 83 Basic tool in the work study is TIme study is carried out to determine the time required to complete job by
84
slow worker
85
Study used to find a simpler, easier and better way of performing a job, is known as
time study ,
86
Study used to determine the most economical and effective method of performing a job and also time required by trained employees working time study at a normal pace to perform the job, is known as
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Study of the systematic investigation of the existing method of doing a job in order to develop and install an easy, rapid, efficient and effective procedure for doing the same job and at low costs, is known as
time study
88
Operators activity
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The principle in which men and materials have to move the minimum required distance between Principle of flexibility. operations is called If a work content of 10 hrs has to be made at rate of 400 a week, and the normal working week is 40 hrs, then number of operators required is
90
120
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The primary object of________ is to develop the most practical, economic and effective method time study of work.
93
The time taken by a normal worker for a specific task or job working under moderate condition and including other allowances such as fatigue, speed rating setting of tool and job, repairing of tool and checking job etc. is know as If the selected time for element is 0.30 minute, the passing rating is 11% and if the sum of all secondary adjustment amount to 20%, then the standard time will be
94
0.264 min
95
An operator manufactures 75 jobs in 8 hrs. If this time includes the time for setting his machine, calculate the operator's efficiency. Standard time 115.5% allowed for the job was setting time 40 minutes, production time per piece 10 min.
96
Principal related to the use of human body and arrangement of the work place is known as . Some of the important elements related to the design of work place are
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98
Gnatt chart indicates On a bar chart the various activities of a project are shown by Jobs going ahead of schedule are conveniently shown in The cost slope will be highest for PERT technique of network analysis is useful
balance of work to be done shaded area Gnatt chart Activity A small project
In PERT analysis the actual performance of task Activity is known is In PERT analysis, the start and end of event is Activity represented by If all the activities are 'crashed indiscriminately Rs. 1165 then the crash cost is
106
the minimum time in which any activity can possibly be accomplished the minimum time in which any activity can zero slack total float and free float minimum for critical activities dummy activities do not exist Normal distribution curve
A critical path has Interference float is the difference between Slack time in PERT analysis Negative Slack Occurs when PERT analysis , the time estimates of activities and probability of their occurrence follow
112 113
The time corresponding to minimum total project crash time cost is it is A process of formulating and applying rules for orderly approach to a specific activity for the benefit and with the cooperation of all concerned and in particular for the promotion standardisation of overall economy, taki_g due account of functional conditions and safety requirement" is
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Simplification is a process of
116
A product is having a lengthy active life under the given working conditions, then we say that it not durable is making longer production runs possible
117
Standardisation helps in
118
to improve tbe In industries, the modifications from the production capacity functionaldesign to production design are made of the product
119
Flexible Manufacture in System (FMS) would be mass production a good choice The usual choice of the type of production equipment for job pruduction is general purpose type
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All the stages from its acquiring, operation, maintenance, use and final dosposal
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Cost Control
The traditions method of product development is Concurrent referred as Engineering The properties or qualities which accomplish a Use value. use, work or service is called
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Group technology
refers to the method of analysis for grouping products or parts with similar manufacturing requirements. direct cost is minimum increase chance variations AOQ VS Rejection Probability
The optimum level of quality is one forwhich With the decrease of the Average Outging Quality, the prevention and appraisal cost of quality will In production process, variations which are relatively large and can be traced are An OC- curve in Acceptance Sampling shows
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The average percent defective of the incoming lot is 1.5% and the probability of acceptance based on the sampling plan is 0.6. The average outgoing quality in percentage is
0.9
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A process is being controlled by taking samples periodicaUy and testing by GO-NOT-GO gauge. X and R-chart The control chart used is The R-charl is in control. In the X-chart points go variability of the towards and crossing beyond the control limit on process is increased one side only. It indicates that In a double sampling plan, the probability of taking the second sample depends upon quality of the incoming lot
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The average function defective of process under statistical control is 0.9. When the sample size is 0.1 100, the lower control limit in the p-chart is
143
When the pairs of observations are collected from the process and plotted on the graph, it is called as
R-chart
144
chance variation
145
The diameter of roller bearings must be within tolerance of 0.01 of the designated diameter. The control chart used is The control chart used for measuring variability, when the sample size is small, is Sigma charts are used for measuring variability when the sample size is The process capability indicates that the product produced would be within the range specified by it is Binomial distribution is assumed in Poisson distribution is assumed in To control the process of production of spindels within tolerance limits, one has to use The guide lines for Quality Management and Quality system elements are give in The guidelines for selection and use of quality management and quality assurance standards are gIVen in Quality Management system which is a model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing is
X and R charts
p-chart large
ISO 9000
154
ISO 9000
155 156
The guidlines for quality plan are given in The quality system requirements for configuration management are given in The guidelines for auditing quality system are gven in
157
ISO 9004
158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168
169
With increase in the number of components in series, the reliability of the system will The probability offailure of a device at the time It' is called as During normal service period, the reliability oj an equipment with respect to time When the MTBF is increased, the system reliability will During normal service period of an equipment, thefailure density The MTBF of an equipment is 5 weeks. The probability that it will function continuously without failure for five weeks is During normal serivce period, the reliability of an equipment wit" respect to time During the initial period of installation of an equipment, with respect to time the reliability Since not even the optimum achives the conceptual ideal, engineers still try to improve the All the influences and values involved in measuring optimisation are covered in When the technical field is well enough developed and knows enough about is, only then it The use of both the client's and society's resources while meeting the consumer's needs, the basic objective of a designer is Optimisation is a selection process, and the attendant engineering decisions rely upon...... specifically or generally agreed upon in advance Linear programming is a method of analysis and is used where the relations between variables could be expressed in terms Failures resulting from deviation in characteristicslparameters beyond the specifred limits but not causing complete lack of required function, is Failures resulting from deviations in characteristics beyond the specifie,d limits, causing complete lack of required function,is Failures attributable to the application of stress beyond the stated capabilities, is Failures attributable to weakness inheerent in the product when subjected to stresses within the stated capabilities, is Failures that could not be anticipated by prior examination, is
miIiimisation
170
criteria
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contant
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Misuse failure
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Misuse failure
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Misuse failure
175 176
Production planning consists of Forecasting which assumes a static envoronment in the future is The function which authorises production as well as control is The quality model offorecasting based on the consensus opinion of a panel of experts is called as Chart which is useful for scheduling and control is
Preplanning and routing passive forecasting Routing Composite Sales Team Method Kanban
The monitoring and follow up function intended scheduling for completion of job within the due date is called The production planning function refers to th determination of the sequence of operations t be performed for the job and allocation of facilities Sequencing where these operations are to be performed is called as The prime input for aggregate planning is Sequencing is a subset of active forecasting routing
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Long range of forecasting is one year or less Degree of relationship between two or more regression variables is expressed by The order in which different jobs are being taken scheduling up in a machine or process is called
189
The main difference between flow shop and job shop models in scheduling is that:
In the flow shop there is a continuous flow without idle time for any machine whereas in the job shop the flow is intermittent with idleness enforced on the machine.
190
Flow of work that is unidirectional in the sense that all jobs require operations and processing in sequencing the same order, is called The amount of time measured from the zeroth time, at which the job is due to be completed is The time at which the processing of the job in the machine is completed, is completion completion time
191 192
Time taken for the job from its arrival to the system until its departure, is The algebraic difference between the flow time and due date is The lateness of the job, failing to meet the due date is called The mean number of jobs in the processing system at a time, is called SPT (short Processing lime) sequencing of jobs in a single facility would
completion time mean lateness job lateness Inprocess inventory minimise the mean lateness
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EDD (Earliest Due Date) sequencing of jobs in a minimise the mean lateness single facility, would MWKR (Most Work Remaining) priority rule in the job shop dynamic system would most often give satisfactory performance for minimising S/OPN (Slack Per Operations) rulefor priority dispatching is useful for reducing
199
Mean tradiness
200
number of remaining operations production of large volumes of single or a few types .of products a method ofline balancing
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To minimise the in process inventory, the SPT (Short Processing optimum s_quence of jobs could be determined Time) by applying . The problem of plant location arises when there are changes in the equipment
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Market
Which of the following is not true for a product Flexibility layout Layout recomnrended for standardized products process layout is
209
Theory of least cost location is givenhy Location decision is taken by combining the multiple objectives of
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Which one of the algorithm will simulate the cost alternative layouts?
ALDEP
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213
Which of the following is not associated with Computerized Layout Planning? A triangular matrix whose elements represent the closeness relationship among the departments is
CRAFT
214
REL chart
215
Number of material handling trips to be made between any two departments either in one direction or both directions, is provided by Ranked Positional Weight method is a
RELchart
216
Linearprogramming
217 218
value analysis
219
The value of base variable in the assignment 2 or 1 model is Cost of handling or transport work is equal to------I*D here I is intensity of material loading & D is the distance moved Operations management is applicable Walter Shewhart is listed among the important people of operations management because of his contributions to Henry Ford is noted for his contributions to mostly to the service sector assembly line production standardization of parts
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223
Who among the following is associated with contributions to quality control in operations management? The five elements in the management process are
Charles Babbage
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The responsibilities of the operations manager include Which of the following is not an element of the management process? An operations manager is not likely to be involved in All of the following decisions fall within the scope of operations management except for Which of the following are the primary functions of all organizations? Budgeting, paying the bills, and collection of funds are activities associated with the Which of the following would not be an operations function in a fast-food restaurant? The three major functions of business organizations Current trends in operations management include all of the following except
planning, organizing, staffing, procuring, and reviewing pricing the design of products and services to satisfy customers' wants and needs financial analysis operations, marketing, and human resources management function making hamburgers and fries are mutually exclusive Just-in-time performance
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Typical differences between goods and services cost per unit do not include Services are generally produced Which is not true regarding differences between and consumed goods and services? simultaneously, tangible goods are not. Which of the following is not a typical attribute of output can be goods? inventoried Which of the following services is not unique, i.e., customized to a particular individual's needs? hairdressing
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intangible product
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The total of all outputs produced by the transformation process divided by the total of the utilization inputs is Which of the following inputs has the greatest labor potential to increase productivity? increasing inputs Productivity can be improved by while holding outputs steady The largest contributor to productivity increases management; oneis ________, estimated to be responsible for half _____ of the annual increase. Which of the following is not true when explaining why productivity tends to be lower in Services are typically the service sector than in the manufacturing labor intensive. sector? quality, external elements, and Three commonly used productivity variables are precise units of measure the service sector The service sector has lower productivity uses less skilled improvements than the manufacturing sector labor than because manufacturing The mathematical technique for fmding the best use of limited resources in an optimum manner is know as operation research
248 249
The simplex method is the basic method for Graphical method, simplex method and trans portation method are concerned with In linear programming, shadow prices are The value of base variable in the assignment model is The initial simplex table corresponds to what aspect of a graphical solution in a two variable maximisation problem?
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all the decision variables are in the base determine the initial basic feasible solution, when surplus variable is present
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An inequation indicating the resource or speci fication constraints in the from as S aixj bi, is converted in the form of an equation by substracting a non- negative variable Si (Si 0) is called
basic variable
256
The optimality of a transportation problem is determined by the application of In a transportation problem, there are four supply centers and five demand centers. The total quantity of supply available is greater than the total demand. The number of allocations, without degeneracy during an iteration is Transportation problem, during an iteration, the total number of allocation should not be greater than.
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m+ n
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In a M/M/1 queue, the probability that the service is busy, is 80 %. The variance of queue length is 4 In aM/M/1 queue, with utilisationfactor of 0.5, the probability of only one person waiting in the queue is
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The city corporation is having a computer to record birthes in a locality, where it is estimated that, on an average there is a birth in every two 0.000006 hours. The probability that no birth takes-place in a day, in this locality will be In a M I M 11 queue, the service rate is Poisson
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In a single server queuing model, if the queue length is L if then the number in the system is The ratio of mean arrival time to mean service time is found as 1.2. It indicates that the queue would
Lq + 1
264
become explosive
265
The utilization factor of a break down maintenance system with a single crew is 80%. 1 The expected number of machines down at any time will be customer move through the system As the ratio of mean arrival to mean service rate in less time, because is increased, it is likely that, utilization is increased Simulation is basically a technique which is used for
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Optimisation
268
The final end destination node is called In PERT network, some times dummy activities are introduced, to
source node prevent cycling in the network time oriented technique decision making techniques
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would not increase A delay in the activity which is on the non-critical the completion time path of the project.
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A PERT activity has an optimistic time of three days, pessimistic time of 15 days and the expected time is 7 days. The most likely time of the activity is
5 days
274
The artificial activity, which indicates that an activity following it cannot be started unless the preceeding activity is complete, is known as The difference between the time available to do the job and the time required to do the job, is known as The probability distribution ofproject comple tion in PERTfollows distribution The time by which the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the start of succeeding activities, is known as
event
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event
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normal
277
duration
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280
PERT is
Program evaluation and review technique time oriented technique numbering of event inPERT/CPM will increase with the increase in the number of orders placed per annum will increase with the decrease in order quantity
281
CPM is
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285
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The monthly demand is Rs. 2000 of sales. Annual carrying cost is Rs. 2400. The ordering cost per order is Rs. 600. The EOQ is In the Production Model for determining the Economic Batch Size, the production rate is considered as The penalty cost isfour times that of carrying cost for an item, and the demand rate is constant If shortages are permitted, the service level that could be maintained at EOQ ordering is If EOQ is within the range of the lowest discounted rate offered, then
287
288
0.75
289
accept the discount offer and order for the minimum in the range small percentage of the total annual consumption value ABC analysis the order quantity remains constant Materials Reordering Point increase
290
In ABC analysis, the C items are those which represents The method of classification of items to be adopted for spare parts inventory is
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In P-System of inventory control MRP indicates When order quantity increases the ordering costs will When the ordering cost is increased to 4 times, the EOQ will be increased to Classification of items based on the closing inventory values is called Classification based on availability of specification items called
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Classification based on unit cost of tile item is called Analysis depends upon the value of inventory possed by the firm, rather than what has been consumed or used is
SDE classification
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XYZanalysis
300
The system in which the second bin contain the Two bin system number of units equal to Reorder point, is caned The system advantageous in case of bulk chemicals, pig iron etc, where physical asesment P system of stock is costly is
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Option 2 (4)
Option 3 (5)
Option 4 (6)
PERT, Theory of Networks Line of Balance PERT product allocation, scheduling Theory of Queues Factors of production and product science in each element of human work. Henry L. Gantt Henry L. Gantt
Dynamic Theory of Games, Programming, Line Theory of Networks of Balance Dynamic Programming Networks scheduling, distribution and shipping PERT Resources, Transformation, Environment and Control Linear Programming Markov Programming product allocation, distribution & shipping Linear Programming Planning, Organising, Directing and Controlling.
b b d b b
b d b
Organising
Forecasting
Planning
Hasley plan
Gantt plan
Bedaux plan
b b a
TR + (S-T)R
TR + (S-T)R
c c
0.6
0.7
Rowan plan
Gantt plan
Emerson's effciency plan Gantt task bonus plan functional organisation Ideal time -------------Actual time
d d d c
Rowan plan line and staff organisation (Standard time) x (Actual time)
Gantt plan effective organisation Ideal time -------------Standard time synthesis ofpredertermined time standards String diagrams
) work sampling
d a b b a a
Gantt chart
Bin chart
production schedule
Gantt chart directing directing function
material handling
Travel chart motivating
machine utilization
Pi-chart controlling
output per unit of input of a production system increase in the actual time. The effects of direct labour on added value alone are considered.
reduction in the actual time Capital charges Overheads are not and materials cost considered in both are not the input and output considered in both sides. the input and output sides. functional organisation (c) line and staff organisation Line would decide and Staff would implement Pi-chart 2.33 .
functional organisation
line, staff and functional organisation Line and Staff would both decide and implement. Travel chart 3
Gantt chart 2
a a b
game theory
choosing from two or choosing from two choosing from two more objective or more future or more courses of criteria outcomes actions it is helpful for it is helpful for directly applying developing suitable and standards implementing the for decision making decisions. Firm's own value system it is helpful for the study and analysis of uncertainties in future.
Break-even Chart
PERT Chart
Histogram
15%
25%
30%
25%
10%
35%
decreases
remains same
uncertain.
automatic material splecialisation of handling equipment operation Lincoln plan advancing a programme in automatic machines trucks Rowan plan copying complicated profiles locos
a c
flow of material
d a b a b d d a
proper utilization of inspection of final machines product effective use of machines only normal time for an operation Newton
reducing the waiting better utilization of time or idle time man services normal time + idle time + allowances Gantt higher level management line organisation normal time + idle time Taylor
functional authority departmention staff organisation current value mathod Price reduction planning those items which are in more demand High Court/Supereme Court line and staff organisations fixed price method
Inventory control those items which are not readily available Labour Court
Production control those items which consume more money Board of Directors
a d c
all industries industries have to employing more train apprentices than 100 according workers have to to their requirement recruit apprentices all process industries and thermal power plants an individual employee bin chart all industries other than small and medium industries
only industries employing more than 500 workers have to recruit apprentices
machine travel chart the industries notified by Government deposited in the account of worker with Provident Fund Commissioner. after 200 days of joining the service 1.75 HA Galiieo common stock held by the firm. mass production industry
b d
voltmeteers
after 60 days of joining the service 1.33 HA Drucker manufacturing plant and equipment process industry value analysis
after 100 days of joining the service 1.5 HA Mc Gregor inventories job or order industry
d a d a a c
Taylorplan
Rowan plan
Emerson plan
Taylor plan
d c
Rowan plan
Haynes plan
Emerson's plan
Bedux plan
provide incentive to all standards group efficiency should be based performance on time studies.
Man-machine chart
a b
layout analysis a graphic a sketch of the part representation of of a plant connected the separable a chart utilized to with a man's work steps a man analyse the work of on which lines are performs when one operator and drawn indicating the doing a task that one machine in path the operator requires him to one location travels in performing move from place in the work. the course of his work analysis of one stage of motion study subdivision of an operation into therbligs and their analysis
NEMA chart
c a a c
fast worker
apprentice
motion study
method study
motion study
method study
motion study
method study
flow of matrial and in case of trouble locate minimizing the source of trouble delays
Principle of flow
100
150
10
performance rating
normal time
standard time
0.327 min
0.396 min
0.275 min
164.6%
184.7%
224.8%
work study
time study
motion economy
comparison of actual efficiency of project progressive cost of progress with the work project scheduled progress
horizontal lines
b b a d c a b a
vertical lines pi chart Activity F research and development projects Task Task Rs. 1000
dot marks none ofthe above Activity G all of the above Work. Work Rs. 950
the maximum time which an activity might reqUIre the maximum time which an activity might require minimum slack total float and independent float <0
the time which has the highest probability of occurence the time which has the highest probability of occurence maximum slack free float and independent float >0
b b a a d d b
dummy activities are events stick to their deficiency of large in number schedule resources occurs Poission distribution Binomial curve distribution curve normal time optimistic time Beta-distribution curve pesimistic time
simplification
specialisation
diversification
variety reduction
product development
Verification
less durable
more durable
equal durable
process durability
job production
Batch production
c a
highly sophisticated specialised CNC machines machines Production Machines with suitable attachments for change over Product Layout
Robbing Machine
Combination Type Fixed Type Layout Layout From the initiation of the idea and goes through all the stages of design, production, use and final disposal From the intial picking up of sales, rapid increase, then becoming steady with marginal increase and final fall due to superceeding of improved product in the market. National Standard
All the stages from the initiation of an idea until it has become a reality
International Standard
b a
Documentations Interchangeability for Quality of parts Assurance multiplying of different product lines improvement of the areas of sales
improvement of product standardisation If you want diversification, then you should forget about simplification as both art opposite Cost Reduction Sequential Engineering Esteem value
Diversification is, in a way, opposite to diversification is a that product strategy. of simplification or specialisation Cost Avoidance CostEvaluation Team Engineering Economic value Collaborative Engineering Exchange vaJue
d b a
engineering application of all the aspects of design engineering and production of knowledge varieties of coucurrently products simulaaneously selling price of the product
acts as a tools for reduces design and integrating design manufacturing and efforts manufacturing
indirect cost is minimum increase assignable variations Acceptance Probability Vs Lot Quality
total cost is maximum uncertain uncontrolled variations Acceptance Probability Vs Rejection Probability
c a b b
0.09
0.009
0.99
U-chart process setting has changed probability of acceptance and probability of rejection from the first sample
b d
probability of acceptance and probability of rjection probability of from the first sample rejectin from the second sample
0.01
0.001
p-chart
Scatter diagram
X-chart
consumer's risk
assignable variations
producer's risk
p-chart
C-chart
U-chart
R-chart small
U-chart
moderate
C-chart
uncertain
b a c a d c d a
(d) 100%
ISO 9002
ISO 9002
ISO 9001
ISO 9002
ISO 9003
c c d
ISO 10005
ISO 10007
ISO 1001
uncertain Mean time to failure (MTTF) decreases linearly. uncertain 1/ MTBF 0.819 decreases linearly uncertain optimum trade off optimise
b c c a c c c a d a d b
optimisation
trade off
conservation
scheduling
sequences
solution
first_-power
analytical
second-power
Sudden failure
Partialfailure
Gradual failure
Sudden failure
Complete failure
Gradual failure
c a b b
Sudden failure
Complete failure
Gradual failure
Scheduling and dispatching active forecasting Scheduling Exponential Smoothening Method GanttChart expediting
a a b d b b
Regression Method Delphi Method Flow Process chart X and R Chart routing forecasting
Scheduling
Routing
Dispatching
c b b b b
In the flow shop the routing for all In the flow shop all In the flow shop the jobs should be the jobs are routing for all jobs such that to processed in a through the minimise the make single machine, machines is span, whereas in whereas in job unidirectional the job shop the shop, jobs are to whereas in the Job routing for all jobs be processed in shop the routing should be such more then one may follow any path. that to minimise machine. the mean flow time. routing scheduling flow shop
d c a
processing time job tradiness range oflateness weighted mean flow time
b b c a a c
minimise the minimise the minimise the maximum tradiness maximum iradiness mean tradiness
minimise the maximum tradiness minimise the maximum minimise the mean tradiness tradiness
Mean lateness
Make span
Flowtime
number of tardy jobs ntennittent production of small quantities of many items information for production and withdrawal of items EDD (Earliest Due Date) starting a new concern operating cost and cost of outward transport
make span
mean lateness
priority dispatching
line time employment JIT changing the transportation facility Cost of inward transport, outward transport and operating cost Ecology and pollution Balancing is critical specialized layout
b a a
FMS relocating the equipment cost of inward transport, and cost of outward transport
d a b
CORELAP
CRAFT
REL chart
ALDEP
LAY OPT
CRAFT
ALDEP
LAYOPT
From- To-chart
COMSOAL
Simulation
b c c a
I/D
to services exclusively measuring the productivity in the service sector statistical quality control
d d c
Just-in-time statistical quality inventory methods control assembly line operations scientific management
W. Edwards Deming plan, lead, organize, manage, and control planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling controlling
forecasting, forecasting, designing, designing, planning, operating, organizing, and procuring, and controlling reviewing staffing the quality of products and services to satisfy customers' wants and needs design of products and processes marketing, human resources, and finance/accounting control function advertising and promotion exist independently of each other rapid product development ability to inventory items Services tend to be more knowledgebased than products. often easy to automate elementary education planning
work scheduling to the identification of meet the due dates customers' wants promised to and needs customers location of facilities sales, quality control, and operations quality management marketing, operations, and finance/accounting
a d c b c d a
finance/accounting production/operatio function ns function maintaining equipment overlap mass customization timing of production and consumption Services tend to have a more inconsistent product definition than goods. designing the layout of the facility function independently of each other mass production customer interaction Goods tend to have higher customer interaction than services.
aspects of quality output can be difficult to measure resold legal services dental care
c b
easy to store
the fact that precise units of measure are stable quality often unavailable greater in manufacturing than in services globalization defined only for manufacturing firms management
multi-factor productivity capital decreasing inputs while holding outputs steady capital; 90%
d c d a
decreasing outputs increasing inputs while holding inputs and outputs in the steady same proportion Mr. Deming; onehalf Services are typically labor intensive. labor, capital, and management labor; two-thirds
Services are often Service operations difficult to evaluate are typically capital for quality. intensive. technology, raw materials, and labor education, diet, and social overhead
the quality of output service sector services usually is lower in services productivity is hard are labor intensive than manufacturing to measure
linear programming
network analysis
queuing theory
c b c c
0 or 4
Point where the two Intersection of the IntersectionofXand constraint lines first constraint line Yaxes Intersect with Y axis
all the decision variables and surplus variables are assigned zero values convert the inequation with the sign greater than or equal to, in the form of an equation
all the base all the base variables satisfy variables are non the constraint negative equations apply Big - M method for solution indicate the to linear sensitivity of the programming surplus variable problems
artificial variable
Modi Method
m+ n+1
m +n-1
m-n-1
3.2
6.4
20
125
1.25
0.00006
0.0006
0.006
Exponential
Linear
gamma
Lq + P
Lq - P
Lq-1
uncertain
become absolute
Testing alternatives
Costminimisation
Computerisation
sink node
burst node
critical node have an activity with zero duration of time work oriented technique
b b
maintain network avoid crossing of logic of precedence activities in the network activity oriented technique techniques to determine project status would increase the project completion time, if the amount of delay is greater than free slack event oriented technique
b c
aids to the decision cost techniques maker would increase the project completion would increase the time, project completion if the amount of time delay exceeds total slack
6 days
7 days
9 days
float
duration
constraint
binomial
beta
Gaussian.
total float
interfering float
zero value
same value
Project estimation Progress evaluation Project evaluation and review and review test and review technique technique event oriented technique the simulation model will decrease with the increase in the number of orders placed per annum will decrease with the decrease in order quantity activity oriented technique queuing theory target oriented
c a
assignment model wll increase with the decrease in lead time wll decrease with the decrease in lead time
the Reorder point the Reorder point is depends upon the independent of the the Reorder point depends only on the rate of rate consumption and lead of consumption lead time time Three months of Two months of sales sales Four months of sales
0.80
1.25
1.33
consider the total costs of the ranges of discount before taking the decision
high percentage of the total annual consumption value XYZanalysis the time between ordering remains constant
high percentage of small percentage closing inventory of closing inventory value value VED analysis SDEanalysis
c b c a a b a
the production the Recorder point rate remains remains constant constant Materials Materials Materials Reordering Requirements Requirements Planing Planing Point decrease remains same first increase then decrease remains same HML classification HML classification
XYZ classification
VED classification
HML classification
VED analysis
HML analysis
FSN analysis
Q system
P - S system
S - A system
Q system
S - S system
S - A system