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Solutions Manual
Reaction Rates
Practice Problems A
2. Given: N2O4(g) 2NO2(g) rate = 7.3 106 M/s rate = [N2O4] [NO2] = = 7.3 106 M/s t 2t [N2O4] = 7.3 106 M/s t

therefore, and

[NO2] = 2(7.3 106 M/s) = 1.5 105 M/s t [H3O+] (0.0280 M 0.0298 M) = 2(10 s) 2t

3. Given: 2Br + H2O2 + 2H3O+ Br2 + 4H2O t = 10 s [H3O+] at 85 s = 0.0298 M [H3O+] at 95 s = 0.0280 M Unknown: reaction rate after 90 s

rate =

= (0.0018 M) = 9.0 105 M/s 20 s

Homework, TE p. 581
1. Given: ti = 0.0 s tf = 60.0 s [O3]i = 3.20 105 M [O3]f = 1.10 105 M Unknown: the average rate 2. Given: ti = 0.0 s t2 = 10.0 s [O3]i = 3.20 105 M [O3]2 = 2.42 105 M Unknown: the initial rate 3. Given: t1 = 50.0 s t2 = 60.0 s [O3]1 = 1.23 105 M [O3]2 = 1.10 105 M Unknown: the rate between 50.0 s and 60.0 s rate = [O3] t (1.10 105 M 3.20 105 M) = (60.0 s 0.0 s) = 3.50 107 M/s

rate =

[O3] t (2.42 105 M 3.20 105 M) = (10.0 s 0.0 s) = 7.80 107 M/s

rate =

[O3] t (1.10 105 M 1.23 105 M) = (60.0 s 50.0 s) = 1.30 107 M/s

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Solutions Manual continued Practice Problems B

1. Given: 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 when [NH3]1 = 3.57 103 M, (rate)1 = 2.91 105 M/s when [NH3]2 = 5.37 103 M, (rate)2 = 4.38 105 M/s Unknown: reaction order, n 2. Given: (rate)2 = 13 (rate)1 [x]2 = 3.6 [x]1 Unknown: reaction order, n 3. Given: tenfold increase in rate of reaction reaction order 2 Unknown: concentration increase (rate)2 [x]2 = (rate)1 [x]1 10 = [x]2 = [x]1 [x]2 [x]1
2 2

[NH3]2 5.37 103 M = = 1.50 [NH3]1 3.57 103 M (rate)2 4.38 105 M/s = = 1.50 (rate)1 2.91 105 M/s 1.50 = 1.501, so n = 1

13 = 3.62, so n = 2

10 = 3.2

4. Given: CH3CHO CH4 + CO [CH3CHO]2 = 2[CH3CHO]1 (rate)1 = 7.9 105 M/s (rate)2 = 2.2 104 M/s 3 reaction order = 2 Unknown: confirmation of reaction order

[CH3CHO]2 (rate)2 2.2 104 M/s = 2; = = 2.88 [CH3CHO]1 (rate)1 7.9 105 M/s 23/2 = 2.8, so the reaction order is
3 2

Homework, TE p. 587
1. (a) Given: A 2B + C [A]1 = 0.30 M [A]2 = 0.60 M rate1 = 0.19 M/s rate2 = 0.38 M/s Unknown: the rate law rate = k[A]n [A]2 0.60 M = = 2.0 [A]1 0.30 M (rate)2 0.38 M/s = = 2.0 (rate)1 0.19 M/s When the concentration changes by a factor of 2, the rate changes by 2. The order of reaction, n, is 1. rate = k[A]

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Solutions Manual continued

1. (b) Given: A B + 3C [A]1 = 0.072 M [A]2 = 0.144 M rate1 = 0.0013 M/s rate2 = 0.0104 M/s Unknown: the rate law rate = k[A]n [A]2 0.144 M = = 2.0 [A]1 0.072 M (rate)2 0.0104 M/s = = 8.0 (rate)1 0.0013 M/s When the concentration changes by a factor of 2, the rate changes by 8, or 23. The order of reaction, n, is 3. rate = k[A]3

Section 2 Review
6. Given: rate triples when reactant concentration triples Unknown: reaction order 7. Given: CH3NC CH3CN reaction order = 1 (rate)1 = 1.3 104 M/s [CH3NC]1 = 0.040 M [CH3NC]2 = 0.025 M Unknown: (rate)2 8. Given: See table in problem A+BC Unknown: reaction order for A and B [x]2 (rate)2 = 3; =3 [x]1 (rate)1 3 = 31, so reaction order = 1

[CH3NC]2 (rate)2 = [CH3NC]1 (rate)1 (rate)2 0.025 M = 0.040 M 1.3 104 M/s (rate)2 = 8.1 105 M/s

To determine the reaction order with respect to A, choose 2 data points between which [B] is unchanged. [A]2 0.04 M (rate)2 0.003 M/s = = 0.5; = = 0.25 [A]1 0.08 M (rate)1 0.012 M/s (rate)2 [A]2 = (rate)1 [A]1 0.25 = 0.5n n with respect to A = 2 To determine the reaction order with respect to B, choose 2 data points between which [A] is unchanged. [B]2 0.03 M (rate)2 0.006 M/s = = 0.5; = = 0.5 [B]1 0.06 M (rate)1 0.012 M/s (rate)2 [B]2 = (rate)1 [B]1 0.5 = 0.5n n with respect to B = 1
n n

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Solutions Manual continued Chapter Review

20. Given: 2NO + Br2 2NOBr [Br2] = 5.3 105 M t = 38 s Unknown: reaction rate 21. Given: t = 38 s [NO] = 1.04 104 M 2NO + Br2 2NOBr Unknown: reaction rate 22. Given: slope of graph of [product] vs t = 3.6 106 M/s coefficient of product = 2 Unknown: reaction rate 23. Given: 2NO + Br2 2NOBr [Br2]2 = 2[Br2]1; (rate)2 = 2(rate)1 [NO]2 = 2[NO]1; (rate)2 = 4(rate)1 Unknown: rate law rate = [Br2] (5.3 105 M) = = 1.4 106 M/s t 38 s

(1.04 104 M) = 1.4 106 M/s rate = [NO] = 2 38 s 2t

slope = 2 rate = 3.6 106 M/s rate = 1.8 106 M/s

[Br2]2 2[Br2]1 (rate)2 2(rate)1 = = 2; = =2 [Br2]1 [Br2]1 (rate)1 (rate)1 2 = 21, so the reaction order is 1 [NO]2 2[NO]1 (rate)2 4(rate)1 = = 2; = =4 [NO]1 [NO]1 (rate)1 (rate)1 4 = 22, so the reaction order is 2 Rate law = k[NO]2[Br2]

24. Given: (rate)2 = 3(rate)1 [x]2 = 3[x]1 Unknown: reaction order 25. Given: (CH2)3 CH2 = CHCH3 reaction order = 1 P2 = 2P1 Unknown: change in reaction rate

[x]2 3[x]1 (rate)2 3(rate)1 = = 3; = =3 [x]1 [x]1 (rate)1 (rate)1 3 = 31, so the reaction order is 1 Because P2 = 2P1, [(CH2)3]2 = 2[(CH2)3]1 [(CH2)3]2 2[(CH2)3]1 = =2 [(CH2)3]1 [(CH2)3]1 Because reaction order = 1, (rate)2 /(rate)1 = 2, (rate)2 = 2(rate)1; rate doubles also.

Problem Bank
1. Given: 2A + B A2B Unknown: (a) rate law, (b) effect of doubling the concentration of either reactant on reaction rate Solutions Manual Holt Program Title a. R = k[A]2[B] b. If [A] is doubled, the rate will increase fourfold: R = k[2A]2[B] If [B] is doubled, the rate will double: R = k[A]2 [2B]

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Solutions Manual continued

2. Given: A + 2B C [A]1 = 0.2 M [B]1 = 0.2 M [rate]1 = 0.0002 M/min [A]2 = 0.2 M [B]2 = 0.4 M [rate]2 = 0.0008 M/min [A]3 = 0.4 M [B]3 = 0.4 M [rate]3 = 0.0016 M/min Unknown: rate law To determine the reaction order with respect to A, choose 2 data points between which [B] is unchanged. [A]3 0.4 M = =2 0.2 M [A]2 (rate)3 0.0016 M/min = =2 0.0008 M/min (rate)2 [A]3 (rate)3 = (rate)2 [A]2 2 = 2n n with respect to A = 1 Repeat to determine the reaction rate with respect to B. [B]2 0.4 M = =2 0.2 M [B]1 (rate)2 0.0008 M/min = =4 0.0002 M/min (rate)1 [B]2 (rate)2 = (rate)1 [B]1 4 = 2n n with respect to B = 2 3. a. Given: R = k[A][B]2 Unknown: effect on R if [A] is cut in half b. Given: R = k[A][B]2 Unknown: effect on R if [B] is tripled c. Given: R = k[A][B]2 Unknown: effect on R if [A] is doubled, but [B] is cut in half R = k[A][B]2 R is reduced by
1 2
n n

R = k[A][B]2 R is increased by a factor of 9 (32)

R = k[A][B]2 R is reduced by 2. (2)

1 1 2
2

= (2)

1 4

1 2

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Reaction Rates Chapter Title