Engineering Sciences for Engineers Assignment 3

DC and AC Theory
DC Electrical Principles
1.1)
1.2)

R = R1 + R2 + R3 +R4+ R5
R = 20 + 30 + 40 + 10 + 50
R = 150

1.3)

V = IR
I=VR
I = 300 150
I = 2 amps

1.4)

V = IR
Therefore:
V1 = I x R1 = 2amps x 20 = 40v
V2 = I x R2 = 2amps x 30 = 60v
V3 = I x R3 = 2amps x 40 = 80v
V4 = I x R4 = 2amps x 10 = 20v
V5 = I x R5 = 2amps x 50 = 100v

1.5)

Potential Difference across:

AD = V1 + V2 + V3 = 40v + 60v + 80v = 180v
BE = V2 + V3 + V4 = 60v + 80v + 20v = 160v
CE = V3 + V4 = 80v + 20v = 100v
DF = V4 + V5 = 20v + 100v = 120v

2.1)
2.2)

Req = R2 x R3
R2 + R3
Req = 20 x 30
20 x 30
Req = 600
50
Req = 12
R = R1 + Req + R4
R = 28 + 12 + 10
R = 50

2.3)

V = IR
I=VR
I = 10v 50
I = 0.2 amps

2.4)

With a circuit of resistors in series, the applied voltage is divided across

the resistors. With a circuit of resistors in parallel, the current is divided
between the parallel branches. A parallel circuit is thus a current divider
circuit.
I = 0.2 amps
I at R2 = 0.2 2 (number of resistors in parallel)
I at R2 = 0.1 amps

2.5)

With a circuit of resistors in series, the applied voltage is divided across

the resistors. With a circuit of resistors in parallel, the current is divided
between the parallel branches. A parallel circuit is thus a current divider
circuit.
I = 0.2 amps
I at R3 = 0.2 2 (number of resistors in parallel)
I at R3 = 0.1 amps

3) A.C. supplies can be assumed to be sinusoidal, this being a form of

alternating quantity commonly encountered in electrical engineering. However,
any supply waveforms are not sinusoidal. For example, sawtooth generators
produce ramp waveforms, and rectangular waveforms may be produced by
multivibrators.
A waveform that is not sinusoidal is called a complex wave. Such a
waveform may be shown to be composed of the sum of a series of sinusoidal
waves having various interrelated periodic times.
The initial, major sinewave component has a frequency f equal to the
frequency of the complex wave and this frequency is called the fundamental
frequency. The other sine wave components are known as harmonics,
these having frequencies which are integer multiples of frequency
f . Hence the second harmonic has a frequency of 2 f , the third harmonic has a
frequency of 3 f , and so on. Thus if the fundamental (i.e. supply) frequency of
a complex wave is 50 Hz, then the third harmonic frequency
is 150 Hz, the fourth harmonic frequency is 200 Hz, and
so on.

4.1)
150

100

50

X Axis

0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100

y Axis
z Axis

-50

-100

-150

t (ms) (1=0, 2=0.2, 2=0.4 etc.)

The data below produced the above graph.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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17
18
19
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28
29
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31
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47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

A
t (ms)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
9.8
10
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.8
12
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13
13.2

B
x
0
30.90169944
58.77852523
80.90169944
95.10565163
100
95.10565163
80.90169944
58.77852523
30.90169944
1.22515E-14
-30.90169944
-58.77852523
-80.90169944
-95.10565163
-100
-95.10565163
-80.90169944
-58.77852523
-30.90169944
-2.4503E-14
30.90169944
58.77852523
80.90169944
95.10565163
100
95.10565163
80.90169944
58.77852523
30.90169944
3.67545E-14
-30.90169944
-58.77852523
-80.90169944
-95.10565163
-100
-95.10565163
-80.90169944
-58.77852523
-30.90169944
-4.90059E-14
30.90169944
58.77852523
80.90169944
95.10565163
100
95.10565163
80.90169944
58.77852523
30.90169944
6.12574E-14
-30.90169944
-58.77852523
-80.90169944
-95.10565163
-100
-95.10565163
-80.90169944
-58.77852523
-30.90169944
-7.35089E-14
30.90169944
58.77852523
80.90169944
95.10565163
100
95.10565163

C
y
0
24.27050983
28.53169549
9.270509831
-17.63355757
-30
-17.63355757
9.270509831
28.53169549
24.27050983
1.10263E-14
-24.27050983
-28.53169549
-9.270509831
17.63355757
30
17.63355757
-9.270509831
-28.53169549
-24.27050983
-2.20527E-14
24.27050983
28.53169549
9.270509831
-17.63355757
-30
-17.63355757
9.270509831
28.53169549
24.27050983
3.3079E-14
-24.27050983
-28.53169549
-9.270509831
17.63355757
30
17.63355757
-9.270509831
-28.53169549
-24.27050983
-4.41053E-14
24.27050983
28.53169549
9.270509831
-17.63355757
-30
-17.63355757
9.270509831
28.53169549
24.27050983
1.61713E-13
-24.27050983
-28.53169549
-9.270509831
17.63355757
30
17.63355757
-9.270509831
-28.53169549
-24.27050983
-6.6158E-14
24.27050983
28.53169549
9.270509831
-17.63355757
-30
-17.63355757

D
z
0
55.17220927
87.31022072
90.17220927
77.47209406
70
77.47209406
90.17220927
87.31022072
55.17220927
2.32778E-14
-55.17220927
-87.31022072
-90.17220927
-77.47209406
-70
-77.47209406
-90.17220927
-87.31022072
-55.17220927
-4.65556E-14
55.17220927
87.31022072
90.17220927
77.47209406
70
77.47209406
90.17220927
87.31022072
55.17220927
6.98335E-14
-55.17220927
-87.31022072
-90.17220927
-77.47209406
-70
-77.47209406
-90.17220927
-87.31022072
-55.17220927
-9.31113E-14
55.17220927
87.31022072
90.17220927
77.47209406
70
77.47209406
90.17220927
87.31022072
55.17220927
2.22971E-13
-55.17220927
-87.31022072
-90.17220927
-77.47209406
-70
-77.47209406
-90.17220927
-87.31022072
-55.17220927
-1.39667E-13
55.17220927
87.31022072
90.17220927
77.47209406
70
77.47209406

68
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100

4.2)

13.4
13.6
13.8
14
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.8
15
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.8
16
16.2
16.4
16.6
16.8
17
17.2
17.4
17.6
17.8
18
18.2
18.4
18.6
18.8
19
19.2
19.4
19.6
19.8

80.90169944
58.77852523
30.90169944
8.57604E-14
-30.90169944
-58.77852523
-80.90169944
-95.10565163
-100
-95.10565163
-80.90169944
-58.77852523
-30.90169944
-9.80119E-14
30.90169944
58.77852523
80.90169944
95.10565163
100
95.10565163
80.90169944
58.77852523
30.90169944
1.10263E-13
-30.90169944
-58.77852523
-80.90169944
-95.10565163
-100
-95.10565163
-80.90169944
-58.77852523
-30.90169944

9.270509831
28.53169549
24.27050983
-2.93971E-14
-24.27050983
-28.53169549
-9.270509831
17.63355757
30
17.63355757
-9.270509831
-28.53169549
-24.27050983
-8.82107E-14
24.27050983
28.53169549
9.270509831
-17.63355757
-30
-17.63355757
9.270509831
28.53169549
24.27050983
2.05818E-13
-24.27050983
-28.53169549
-9.270509831
17.63355757
30
17.63355757
-9.270509831
-28.53169549
-24.27050983

90.17220927
87.31022072
55.17220927
5.63633E-14
-55.17220927
-87.31022072
-90.17220927
-77.47209406
-70
-77.47209406
-90.17220927
-87.31022072
-55.17220927
-1.86223E-13
55.17220927
87.31022072
90.17220927
77.47209406
70
77.47209406
90.17220927
87.31022072
55.17220927
3.16082E-13
-55.17220927
-87.31022072
-90.17220927
-77.47209406
-70
-77.47209406
-90.17220927
-87.31022072
-55.17220927