Trigonometry H (2010-2011) Sem2 Final Exam Study Guide Name _________________________________________Period ______Date ___________ 1.

Determine whether the function has an inverse function. If it does, find the inverse function.

x< 9 3x + 29, f ( x) = 2 ( x + 9 ) + 2, x 9
2. Find the constant of proportionality for the following situation: "y is jointly proportional to x and z and inversely proportional to w." w = 7, x = 5, y = 4 , and z = 3 3. Evaluate the indicated function for f (x) = x2 ( fg )(1) 4. The cost of a widget has increased from $5.43 in 2002 to $6.47 in 2006. Estimate the cost of a widget in 2004 to the nearest cent. 5. Describe the sequence of transformations from the related common function f ( x) = x to g. 9 and g (x) = x 5.

g ( x) = - x + 9
6. A security guard is paid $12 per hour for regular time and time-and-a-half for overtime. The weekly wage function is given by

0 < h 40 15h, W ( h) = 22.5(h - 40) + 600, h > 40

where h is the number of hours worked in a week. The company increased its pay by 1 dollars per hour. What is the new weekly wage function?
1 f 7. If f ( x ) = 3x + 5 x + 6 , use synthetic division to evaluate 8 .
2
4 8. Find all real solutions of the polynomial equation x

8 x3 + 56 x 49 = 0 .

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f ( x) =

7 x3

9. Consider the function

5x 5 2 10. Solve: x 5

3x 2 2 x + 3 x 2 3x 2 . Identify any slant asymptotes.

11. Suppose the cost C (in millions of dollars) of cleaning p% of an oil spill from a particular lake is estimated by 31 p C= 100 - p , 0 p < 100. Find the cost of cleaning up 66% of the spill. Round to the nearest tenth of a million dollars. 12. A member of a collegiate track-and-field team recently adopted a new training regimen. His times, s, in the 400-meter event began to improve as described by the function 2.60 s= + 46 1 + ekt , where s is his time and t is the number of months since beginning the new training regimen. Determine k if his times have improved 1.0 second after 6 months. (Substitute t = 0 to determine his 400 m time before the training change.) Round to the nearest thousandth. 13. An initial investment of $2000 grows at an annual interest rate of 7% compounded continuously. How long will it take to double the investment?
x x 14. Solve for x: e (8 - e ) = 16 . Round to 3 decimal places. -x / 2 = 0.0052 . Round to 3 decimal places. 15. Solve for x: 4

16. Condense the expression

3 ( log x - log y )

to the logarithm of a single term.

1 [log3 x + log3 5] - [log3 y ] 17. Condense the expression 3 to the logarithm of a single term.

18. Identify the x-intercept of the function f ( x) = 3ln( x - 1) .

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19. Which investment option will pay the most interest? A) 10.6% compounded annually B) 10.4% compounded semiannually C) 10.2% compounded quarterly D) 10.0% compounded continuously E) These investments all pay the same amount of interest.
2 20. Solve ln x = 13 for x.

21. What is the half-life of a radioactive substance if 2.4 g decays to 0.80 g in 61 hours? Round to the nearest tenth of an hour. 22. Which of the following can be inserted to make the statement true?
4 - x2 arccos = arcsin ( ________ ) , 0 x 2 2

23. Write an algebraic expression that is equivalent to

tan ( arccos 7x )

24. A communications company erects a 81-foot tall cellular telephone tower on level ground. Determine the angle of depression, q (in degrees), from the top of the tower to a point 43 feet from the base of the tower. Round answer to two decimal places. 25. The angle of elevation of the sun is 27 . Find the length, l, of a shadow cast by a tree that is 44 feet tall. Round answer to two decimal places. 26. Use an inverse function to write q as a function of x.

arccos

27. Evaluate

3 2 without using a calculator.

2 -1 sin 2 without using a calculator. 28. Evaluate

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29. Sketch the graph of the function below, being sure to include at least two full periods.

30. Use a graphing utility to graph the function below. Be sure to include at least two full periods.

31. Use a graphing utility to graph the function below. Be sure to include at least two full periods.

32. Describe the relationship between f ( x ) = cos( x ) and g ( x) = cos3x 11 . Consider amplitude, period, and shifts. 33. Find the indicated trigonometric value in the specified quadrant.
Function Quadrant Trigonometric Value 13 csc q = III tan q 4

34. Evaluate the sine of the angle without using a calculator. 5p 4 35. Evaluate the tangent of the angle without using a calculator. 120

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36. Determine two coterminal angles (one positive and one negative) for the given angle. Give your answer in degrees.

37. Use trigonometric identities to transform the left side of the equation into the right side. Assume all angles are positive acute angles, and show all of your work.

38. Verify the identity shown below.

39. Find all solutions of the following equation in the interval [

0, 2p )

40. Find the exact value of are in Quadrant II.)

cos ( u + v )

sin u =

given that

7 12 cos v = 25 and 13 . (Both u and v

41. Use the figure below to find the exact value of the given trigonometric expression.

7
q

24

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42. Use a double-angle formula to find the exact value of cos 2u when 5 p sin u = , where <u <p 13 2 . 43. Given A = 14 , b = 8 , and a = 6 , use the Law of Sines to solve the triangle (if possible) for the value of c. If two solutions exist, find both. Round answer to two decimal places. 44. Determine a value for b such that a triangle with A = 65 and a = 13 has only one solution. 45. Given a = 5 , b = 10 , and c = 6 , use the Law of Cosines to solve the triangle for the value of B. Round answer to two decimal places. 46. A vertical pole 36 feet tall stands on a hillside that makes an angle of 19 with the horizontal. Determine the approximate length of cable that would be needed to reach from the top of the pole to a point 65 feet downhill from the base of the pole. Round answer to two decimal places. 47. Two automobiles leave from the same point in Chicago at the same time and travel along straight highways that differ by 78 . If their speeds are 63 mi/hr and 69 mi/hr, respectively, determine how far apart the cars are after 28 minutes. Round answer to two decimal places. 48. Find the angle between the vectors u and v if u = i + 2 j and v = 4i + 3j . Round answer to two decimal places. 49. A force of 50 pounds is exerted along a rope attached to a crate at an angle of 30 above the horizontal. The crate is moved 32 feet. How much work has been accomplished? Round answer to one decimal place. 50. A 650 -pound trailer is sitting on an exit ramp inclined at 40 on Highway 35. How much force is required to keep the trailer from rolling back down the exit ramp? Round answer to two decimal places. 51. Use DeMoivre's Theorem to find the indicated power of the folllowing complex number. 4 ( 7 + 7i) 52. A residential building contractor borrowed $31,000 to complete a new home. Some of the money was borrowed at 5%, some at 6%, and some at 8%. How much was borrowed at each rate if the annual interest owed was $1850 and the amount borrowed at 6% is two times more than the amount borrowed at 8%?

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53. Write the partial fraction decomposition of the improper rational expression.
x 2 + 8x x2 + x + 8

54. Write the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression.

10 x 2 + 18 x 27 x 2 ( x + 3)

55. Sketch the graph and label the vertices of the solution set of the system of inequalities. Shade the solution set.

56. Use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility to reduce the augmented matrix corresponding to the system of equations, and solve the system. 6 y + 8 z = 70 x 3x 2 y + 6 z = 58 x + 6 y 8 z = 70 2x + y 6 z = 45 57. Use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility to reduce the augmented matrix corresponding to the system of equations, and solve the system. 8 z = 57 x + 7y x y + 4 z = 19 2 x 14 y + 16 z = 57 x + 6 y + 3z = 6

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58. The owner of the "Crazy 'Bout Nuts" shop wants to create his own blend of mixed nuts. To do so, he mixes peanuts ($5 per pound), pecans ($6 per pound), and cashews ($9 per pound) to obtain 100 pounds of mixed nuts costing $8 per pound. If he wants the amount of peanuts to be twice that of the pecans, how many pounds of each type of nut should he use? Use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility to solve the resulting system of linear equations. Round answers to nearest hundredth of a pound.
x + y + z = 130 2 x + 3 y + 8 z = 780 x - 2 y = 0

59. Use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility to find the inverse of the matrix 8 1 24 1 -3 16 -3 32 8 1 24 1 -3 16 -3 32 (if it exists). 60. Write the system of linear equations as a matrix equation AX = B, and use Gauss-Jordan AM B ] elimination on the augmented matrix [ to solve for the matrix X. x + 2y = 8 4 x 4 y = 20 61. Use the matrix capabilities of a graphing utility to find AB, if possible. 9 7 2 2 , B = 3 9 5 9 A= 2 1 1 1 5 2 1 4 62. Use Cramer's Rule to solve the following system of linear equations: 24 y + 16 z = 8 16 x 24 x + 16 y + 8 z = 7 32 x + 8 y 24 z = 2

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63. The following cryptogram was endoded using matrix A. [ 23 66 42] [ 26 43 30] [ 4 44 11] [0 25 25]
0 1 1 A = 1 1 1 2 3 2 Decode the cryptogram to find the secret message.

64. Determine a positive value for y such that a triangle with vertices ( 2, 4), (1, 2) , and (0, y ) has an area of square units. 5
0 A = 12 0 4 8 16 8 4 4 12 B= 4 12 and 8 4 4 0 8 4

65. Given

, find

BA

66. Use mathematical induction to prove the formula for every positive integer n. Show all your work. n 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 + K + ( 3n 4 ) = ( 3n 5 ) 2 67. Find the sum using the formulas for the sums of powers of integers.
n =1

( 9n
11

2n 2

)
n

68. A deposit of $5000 is made in an account that earns 8% interest compounded monthly. The balance in the account after n months is given by
0.06 An = 5000 1 + , n = 1, 2,3,K 4 Find the balance in the account after 9 years by finding the 108th term of the sequence. Round to the nearest penny.

69. Joey bought a new tractor for use in his landscaping business. He expects that the use of the tractor will generate $3500 of revenue in the first year with an increase in revenue of $500 per year for subsequent years. If the tractor's useful lifetime is 8 years, how much revenue will Joey receive from the use of the tractor? 70. Find the indicated nth term of the geometric sequence. 3 3 a5 = , a9 = 16 256 5th term:

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71. A college sent a survey to a sample of juniors. Of the 598 students surveyed, 286 live on campus, of whom 120 have a GPA of 2.5 or greater. The other 312 juniors live offcampus, of whom 135 have a GPA of 2.5 or greater. What is the probability that a survey participant lives on campus and has a GPA of 2.5 or greater? 72. In a sample of 23 hand-held calculators, 16 are known to be nonfunctional. If 6 of these calculators are selected at random, what is the probability that exactly 4 in the selection are nonfunctional? Round to the nearest thousandth. 73. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the group of letters.

74. Eight weightlifters are competing in the dead-lift competition. In how many ways can the weightlifters finish first, second, and third (no ties)? 75. A combination lock will open when the right choice of three numbers (from 1 to 30) is selected. How many different lock combinations are possible? 76. Use the Binomial Theorem to expand the complex number. Simplify your result.

( 5 + 4i )4
77. Prove the inequality for the indicated integer values of n.
8 > n, n 24 7
n

78. Rotate the axes to eliminate the xy-term in the equation. Then write the equation in standard form.

9 x 2 + 22 xy + 9 y 2

8=0

79. Classify the graph of the equation as a circle, a parabola, an ellipse, or a hyperbola. 7x2 + 2y2 5x 9y + 8 = 0

80. Find the center and vertices of the ellipse.

x 2 + 16 y 2 + 6 x 160 y + 393 = 0
81. Find the standard form of the parabola with the given characteristics. focus: (6, 5) vertex: (6, 2)

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82. Determine whether the planes are parallel, orthogonal, or neither. 3x + 5 y + z = 4

x 2 y + 13z = 2
83. Find the angle, in degrees, between two adjacent sides of the pyramid shown below. Round to the nearest tenth of a degree. [Note: The base of the pyramid is not considered a side.] z

P Q
P ( 2, 0, 0 ) , Q ( 2, 2, 0 ) , R ( 0, 2, 0 ) , S (1,1, 6 )

84. Find a unit vector in the opposite direction of u. u = 15, 2, 5 85. Find the standard form of the equation of the sphere with the given characteristics. 6, 4, 4 ) , ( 0, 2, 6 ) Endpoints of a diameter: ( 86. Find a set of parametric equations for the line through the point and parallel to the specified vector. Show all your work. ( 5, 5, 1) , parallel to 8, 7,1 87. Find the volume of the parallelpiped with the given vertices. A ( 3, 4, 9 ) , B (1, 4, 11) , C ( 4, 2, 17 ) , D ( 2,10, 19 ) ,
E ( 4, 0, 2 ) , F ( 6,8, 4 ) , G ( 3, 6, 10 ) , H ( 5,14, 12 )

88. Find the distance between the point and the plane. ( 2, 2, 2 )

5x 4 y 5z = 5

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89. Given that xc 90. Find

x7 x 2

lim f ( x) = 4

and xc

lim g ( x) = 7

, find x c

lim [ f ( x ) + g ( x )]

+ 11x + 24 by direct substitution.

91. Find

lim

x -8

3+ y - 3 y y 0 lim
92. Determine

- 225 (if it exists) by evaluating the corresponding one-sided limits.

x15 x 2

lim

x - 15

93. Use the limit process to find the slope of the graph of
f ( x) =

x + 3 at (1, 2 ) .

94. Find a formula for the slope of the graph of 95. Evaluate
k =1

2 x+8 .

( k 3 + 3)
10

using the summation formulas and properties.

2 96. Use the limit process to find the area of the region between f ( x ) = x + 2 and the x-axis 0, 6 on the interval [ ] .

97. Use the limit process to find the area of the region between f ( x) = 10 x + 6 and the x-axis 0, 5 on the interval [ ] .

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Answer Key
x 29 , x<2 f ( x) = 3 x 2 9, x 2 Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 107 28 k= 15 Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 120 32 Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 94 $5.95 Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 12 reflection in the x-axis; then vertical shift 4 units up Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 87 0 < h 40 16h, W ( h) = 24(h - 40) + 640, h > 40 Origin: Chapter 01- Functions and Their Graphs, 83 1 421 f = 8 64
-1

1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

7.

Origin: Chapter 02- Polynomial and Rational Functions, 45 8. x = 1, 7, 7 Origin: Chapter 02- Polynomial and Rational Functions, 74 9. y = 7 x + 18 Origin: Chapter 02- Polynomial and Rational Functions, 105 5 -, ( 5, ) 3 Origin: Chapter 02- Polynomial and Rational Functions, 120 144 Origin: Chapter 02- Polynomial and Rational Functions, 109 0.400 month 1 Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 81 9.90 years Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 68 0.693 Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 57 14.361 Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 56
3

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

x log y 16.

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Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 45 3 5x log 3 y 17. Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 47 18. x = 5 Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 30 19. B Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 13
13 / 2 13 / 2 ,e 20. -e Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 54 21. 38.5 hours Origin: Chapter 03- Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, 74 x 22. 2 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 146

1 - 49 x 2 7x 23. Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 145

24. 59.74 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 157 25. l = 80.47 feet Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 156 26.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 138

27. 6 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 134

28.

4 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 135

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29.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 117 30.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 118 31.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 119 32. The period of g(x) is five times the period of f(x). Graph of g(x) is shifted downward 11 unit(s) relative to the graph of f(x). Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 113 4 33. 3 17 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 102

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2 34. 2 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 94 35. 3 Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 100 36. Answers may vary. One possible response is given below.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 13 37.

Origin: Chapter 04- Trigonometry, 68 38.

Origin: Chapter 05- Analytic Trigonometry, 29 39.

Origin: Chapter 05- Analytic Trigonometry, 40 253 cos ( u + v ) = 325 40. Origin: Chapter 05- Analytic Trigonometry, 62

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41.

Origin: Chapter 05- Analytic Trigonometry, 79 119 cos 2u = 169 42. Origin: Chapter 05- Analytic Trigonometry, 75 43. c = 2.08 and 15.39 Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 7 44. b = 9 Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 8 45. 52.41 Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 23 46. 70.16 feet Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 32 47. 32.73 miles Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 33 48. 112.83 Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 67 49. 1, 472.2 foot-pounds Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 77 50. 590.46 pounds Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 78 51. 16,384 Origin: Chapter 06- Additional Topics in Trigonometry, 96 52. $13,000 at 5%; $12,000 at 6%; $6000 at 8% Origin: Chapter 07- Systems of Equations and Inequalities, 34 7x 8 1+ 2 x + x+8 53. Origin: Chapter 07- Systems of Equations and Inequalities, 44 1 9 9 + 2 54. x + 3 x x Origin: Chapter 07- Systems of Equations and Inequalities, 42 55. Origin: Chapter 07- Systems of Equations and Inequalities, 51 56. x = 1, y = 9, z = 8 Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 16 57. no solution Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 17

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58. peanuts: 35.00 lb; pecans: 17.50 lb; cashews: 87.50 lb Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 63 59. does not exist Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 50 8 X = 4 60. Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 42 3 29 10 24 53 68 10 76 21 36 0 42 6 16 1 12 Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 35 16 113 152 x= , y= ,z= 9 63 63 Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 86 SEND MONEY Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 97 4 Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 88 399 Origin: Chapter 08- Matrices and Determinants, 79 1 S1 = 4 = ( 5 + 3) 2 1) When n = 1, . The formula is valid for n = 1.
4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + K + ( 5k 1) = k ( 5k + 3 ) 2 is true.

61.

62. 63. 64. 65.

66.

2) Assume that

S k +1 = 4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + K + ( 5 ( k + 1) 1) = 1 5k 2 + 3k + 5k + 4 2 1 = 5k 2 + 13k + 8 2 k +1 = ( 5 ( k + 1) + 3) 2 =

( (

k ( 5k + 3 ) + 5k + 4 2

By mathematical induction, the formula is true for all positive integers n. Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 53 67. 2821 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 59 68. $10,247.65 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 18

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69. $42,000 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 35 2 70. 729 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 42 187 71. 615 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 96 72. 0.379 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 98 73. Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 81 74. 336 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 83 75. 27,000 Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 76 76. 119 120i Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 71
8 77. 1) 7
24

24.6 > 24

. The statement is true for n = 24.

k k +1

8 8 >k 2) Assuming that 7 for k > 24, show that 7 8 > k , by assumption 7
8 8 8 > k 7 7 7
k

> k +1

1 >k+ k 7 7 7 1 1 k > 24 > , then k > or k > 1 or k + k > k + 1. 1 1 7 7 Since Therefore,

8 7

k +1

1 8 8 > k + k > k + 1 or > k + 1. 7 7 7 By mathematical induction, the relation is true for all n 24 . Origin: Chapter 09- Sequences, Series, and Probability, 57

k +1

k +1

( x )2 ( y )2
78.
1 2

=1

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79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

84. 85. 86.

Origin: Chapter 10- Topics in Analytic Geometry, 43 ellipse Origin: Chapter 10- Topics in Analytic Geometry, 40 center: (3, 8) vertices: ( 1, 8), (7, 8) Origin: Chapter 10- Topics in Analytic Geometry, 21 (x 6)2 = 12(y + 2) Origin: Chapter 10- Topics in Analytic Geometry, 15 orthogonal Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 55 91.5 Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 61 1 3,8, 2 77 Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 19

( x + 3)2 + ( x + 3)2 + ( x + 5)2 = 11

Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 8 Answers may vary. One possible answer is shown below. x = 7 + 6t , y = 7 + 2t , z = 3 2t Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 43 618 Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 41 33 66 Origin: Chapter 11- Analytic Geometry in Three Dimensions, 60 121 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 6 1 150 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 9 3 6 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 14 limit does not exist Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 17 1 4 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 24 2 ( x + 8 )2

87.

88. 89.

90.

91. 92.

93.

94.

Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 26 95. 44,200

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Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 40 96. 84 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 47 97. 155 Origin: Chapter 12- Limits and and Introduction to Calculus, 46

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