HSR2001

OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON RELEASES STATISTICS, 2001
HID STATISTICS REPORT HSR 2001 002
Date of Issue: January 2002
Health & Safety Executive
Preface This is the sixth report on statistics obtained from the HCR database, and is the fourth since the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 95) came into force offshore on 1st April 1996. The report presents data on hydrocarbon releases that have been reported for the period 1st October 1992 to 31st March 2001 inclusive. It should also be noted that the report is now part of a new (HID Statistics Report HSR) series to replace the OTO series, which is to be discontinued. Copies of this report can be obtained free of charge from:
Health and Safety Executive Hazardous Installations Directorate Central Division CD4C Data Management Room 201b Merton House Stanley Road Bootle Merseyside L20 3DL Tel: 0151 951 3099 Fax: 0151 951 4980 e-mail : HCR.Admin@hse.gsi.gov.uk
Copies of this report can also be downloaded free of charge from HSEs website at http://www.hse.gov.uk/hid/osd/hsr2001/contents.htm
OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON RELEASES STATISTICS, 2001 (FOR THE PERIOD 1-10-92 TO 31-3-01 INCLUSIVE)
CONTENTS
Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
1.0
INTRODUCTION
2.0
DATA CATEGORIES
3.0
STATISTICS
10
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11
Hydrocarbon type Reporting frequency Severity analysis Systems Equipment Drilling/Well Operations Installation type and location Ignitions Means of Detection Emergency actions Causation & Operating Mode
10 11 11 13 15 16 16 18 19 20 21
4.0
TABLES
(See separate section index)
23
5.0
FIGURES
(See separate section index)
95
Appendix 1 - OSD PROCESS INTEGRITY INITIATIVE Appendix 2 - SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION FEEDBACK QUESTIONNAIRE
105 107 111
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An agreed target under the Governments Revitalising Health and Safety initiative is to reduce the number of major and significant releases by 50% over the next three years to March 2004, with 1999/2000 figures as baseline data. The total number of major releases in 2000/2001 shows a substantial decrease, down from 12 to 8 (33%) on last years figure, and the total number of significant releases has also decreased from 126 to 117 (7%) over the same period. The combined total for major and significant releases has therefore shown a reduction of 10% on the baseline target.
During the past year OSD undertook to investigate all hydrocarbon releases reported to OSD as part of a three-part Process Integrity initiative (see Appendix 1). This project was commissioned in the context of the sustained plateau in the number of hydrocarbon releases evidenced in the data up to 1999/2000, with a view to achieving a significant decrease. The results of these investigations are presented in OTO 2001 055 1, including an assessment of immediate and underlying causation factors, which supplements the information given in this statistics report.
Reported minor releases have increased by 50% over the past year, from 96 to 145, but there is good evidence that this increase is as a result of publicity related to the Process Integrity Initiative, and does not represent an increase in the number of minor releases occurring.
There were 13 reported ignitions in 2000/2001 none of which were major releases. Although there have been no ignited major releases since the launch of the HCR database, of the total 131 reported ignitions over the period 1 October 1992 to 31 March 2001, 40 of these (30.5%) have been significant releases (16 gas a nd 24 liquids).
Failure rates for individual systems and for individual items of equipment are published in alternate years, and the failure rate data in this report updates that provided in the 1999 Hydrocarbon Statistics Report, OTO 1999 079.
Offshore Technology Report OTO 2001 055, OSD Hydrocarbon Release Reduction Campaign Report on the hydrocarbon release incident investigation project 1/4/2000 to 31/3/2001.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to provide the offshore industry with data from the Hydrocarbon Releases (HCR) Database for their use in connection with the preparation and revision of offshore safety cases, particularly in quantified risk assessment (QRA), as recommended by Lord Cullen in his report on the Piper Alpha disaster (Cullen Recommendation 39).
The HCR Database contains data on offshore hydrocarbon release incidents, supplementary details of which are reported voluntarily to the Health and Safety Executive, Hazardous Industries Directorate, Offshore Division (OSD) on form OIR/12. These data have been technically checked against the parent RIDDOR (OIR/9B) details, and then entered into the database by OSD since database startup on 1 October 1992.
This report, HSR 2001 002, covers the period 1 October 1992 to 31 March 2001. It is the sixth report on statistics obtained from the HCR Database, and is the fourth since the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR 95) came into force offshore on 1 April 1996.
Criteria for severity classification (i.e. major, significant, minor), first introduced in 1997, were refined in 1999 to include release rates (see Appendix 2). The limited accuracy of the sys tems and equipment population data estimates, and the voluntary nature of the information supplied on form OIR/12, should all be taken into consideration when drawing conclusions from the statistics contained in this report.
The main thrust of this report is to advise industry of the bare statistics. Nevertheless, some discussion has been added where appropriate. This report also contains statistics on detection modes, emergency actions, and causation, but offers no root cause analysis at this stage. Howe ver, in view of the reporting plateau evidenced in data up to 1999/2000, and the absence of any downward trend to that time, OSD began a 3-part Process Integrity initiative (see Appendix 1) aimed at raising industry awareness to the problem and identifying their root causes, with a view to achieving a significant break through in the existing plateau. 7
An agreed target under the Governments Revitalising Health and Safety initiative is to reduce the number of major and significant releases by 50% by March 2004.
Detailed failure rate tables are published in alternate years, and the latest versions of (a) System Failure Rates & Severity / Hole Size Distribution; and (b) Equipment Failure Rates & Severity / Hole Size Distribution are included in this report. The failure rate data in this report therefore updates that provided in the 1999 Hydrocarbon Statistics Report, OTO 1999 079.
Feedback on the contents of this statistics report for 2001 would be appreciated. This can be provided by completing the single page questionnaire form at the back of the report and returning it to HSE Hazardous Installations Directorate, at the address indicated on the form.
2.
DATA CATEGORIES
This section describes the categories of data available from the HCR Database, statistics from which are contained in section 3.0.
Section 4.0 contains the data tables referred to in the report, all of which are listed in a separate section 4.0 index.
Section 5.0 contains the figures referred to in the report, all of which are listed in a separate section 5.0 index.
The statistics, tables, and figures show the breakdown of data using the following sort categories: v Type of hydrocarbon, viz. liquids (oil/condensate/non-process 2), gas, or 2-phase v Severity of release, i.e. major, significant, or minor (Appendix 2) v Type of installation, viz. fixed (including Floating Production Systems [FPS]), mobile or subsea v Location of installation on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) viz. Northern (above 590 Latitude), Central (560 to 590 Latitude) or Southern area (below 560 Latitude, including Irish Sea and English Channel) v Year of occurrence (12 month periods from 1 April to 31 March unless noted otherwise)
Each release has a single system type allocated to it and an individual equipment type within that system (well type and/or well operation for drilling activities). Most tables show the number of releases occurring, sorted by one or more of the above categories.
Statistics for other reported features such as ignitions, mode of detection, emergency actions taken, causation factors etc., are also given in Section 3.0.
Non-process hydrocarbon liquids include diesel, helifuel, lubricants, methanol, etc.
3.
STATISTICS
A total of 2071 hydrocarbon release incident reports have been received, checked and input during the 8 year period since the start-up of the Hydrocarbon Releases (HCR) Database on 1 October 1992, up to 31 March 2001 inclusive.
The following subsections comprise detailed discussion of the statistics shown in the tables and figures in sections 4.0 and 5.0 respectively.
Caution should be exercised when interpreting these statistics, in view of the limited accuracy of population data, the voluntary nature of the information supplied on form OIR/12, and the small number of releases involved in some cases. 3.1 Hydrocarbon type
Figure 1, in section 5.0, shows the breakdown of reported releases by hydrocarbon type. It can be seen from this pie-chart that gas releases constituted, by far, the largest proportion of releases reported, i.e. 1150 out of 2071 (55.5%). The other types, ranked in decreasing order, were oil 347 (16.8%), non-process 239 (11.5%), 2-phase 184 (8.9%) and condensate 151 (7.3%).
The higher proportion of gas releases may have arisen from the fact that almost all offshore installations handle gas, but only 37% of installations handle hydrocarbon production liquids (see also section 3.7 - Installations). Other contributing factors to the higher incidence of gas releases could be that gas is usually subjected to higher pressures and temperatures than other forms of hydrocarbon, hence there are greater challenges associated with gas containment.
10
3.2
Reporting frequency
Figure 2, in section 5.0, shows the monthly reporting frequencies since October 1992 up to the end of March 2001. Major milestones which occurred during the reporting period are also listed.
Reporting reached a peak of 325 in 1994/1995, probably attributable to more detailed reporting following the issue of the OIR/12 form in August, 1992, and to comprehensive guidance 3 in August, 1993. There then fo llowed a substantial drop down to 212 in 1995/96, ostensibly due to the safety case regime and improved safety management systems taking effect. Thereafter, the number of incidents seemed to have reached a plateau with the annual totals for the following years being 226 (1996/1997), 218 ( 997/1998), 234 (1998/1999) and 234 (1999/2000), 1 and the monthly reporting rate fluctuated between 18 to 20 in the same period.
Although the number of major and significant releases has decreased to 125 (from 138 in 1999/2000) the total number of reported releases has increased to 270 for 2000/2001, reflecting a marked increase in the number of minor releases, with the monthly average increasing to 22.5. The increase in the number of minor releases reported has been attributed to the effects of raised awareness during the investigation phase of the Process Integrity initiative, which was carried out during 2000/2001. 3.3 Severity analysis
3.3.1 All releases All releases have been classified according to agreed severity criteria. (See Appendix 2). Table 4 in Section 4.0 shows that, of the 2071 reported releases to 31 March 2001, 143 were classified major (6.9% of all leaks), 1173 were significant releases (56.6%) and the remaining 755 were minor (36.5%).
3
Revised in Nov 96 to encompass RIDDOR 95 Revised Guidance on Reporting Offshore
Hydrocarbon Releases OTO 96 956, is available free on request from HSE on tel :0151-951-3099 or fax: 0151-951-3098 or e-mail: HCR.Admin@hse.gsi.gov.uk or downloaded free from the HSE website: http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/frameset/oto/1996/index.htm
11
Figure 3 in section 5.0 shows the reporting patterns by year for major, significant and minor releases in both tabular and line graph form. The overall number of major releases in 2000/2001 decreased from last years figures (down from 12 to 8), and the number of significant releases also decreased (from 126 to 117) over the same period. In contrast, the overall number of minor 4 releases reported in 2000/2001 increased in comparison with last year's figure (up from 96 to 145).
3.3.2 Gas releases Figure 4 in section 5.0 shows the reporting patterns by year for major, significant and minor gas releases in both tabular and line graph form. The upward trend in the annual number of reported gas releases continued in 2000/2001, with a further increase of 3.6% over the previous year (up from 136 to 141). However, the number of major gas releases went down for the first time since the low of 6 in 1997/98 having decreased to 7 in 2000/2001 from 11 in 1999/2000. Similarly, significant gas releases also dropped from 79 to 74 in the same period. The combined number of major and significant gas releases has decreased from 90 in 1999/2000 to 81 in 2000/2001. This is the lowest full-year figure for combined major and significant releases since the start-up of the HCR database. However, the number of minor gas releases has shown a year in year increase since 1995/1996, again going up from 46 to 60 in the past year.
3.3.3 Liquid releases Figure 5 in section 5.0 shows the reporting patterns by year for major, significant and minor liquid releases in both tabular and line graph form. It can be seen from these that the annual numbers of reported liquid releases (i.e. oil, condensate and nonprocess combined) have fluctuated over the years since database start-up, with no discernible trend. The number of minor releases has however increased from 47 in 1999/2000 to 79 in 2000/2001, reflecting the overall increase in minor releases over this period.
It is important to note that reports of minor releases only cover those reportable under RIDDOR
definitions which are based on the potential for fire/explosion. It should also be noted that all ignitions offshore are reportable, however minor.
12
3.3.4 2-phase releases Figure 6 in section 5.0 shows the reporting patterns by year for major, significant and minor 2-phase releases in both tabular and line graph form. From these, it can be seen that the numbers of reported 2-phase releases have also fluctuated over the years since database start-up. As with liquid releases, there is no discernible trend. 3.4 Systems
3.4.1 Failure rates and severity / hole size distribution Table 1 in section 4.0 gives details of failure rates and severity / hole size distributions for all system types (in alphabetical order) contained in the database, whether any releases were reported for the system type or not. It should also be noted that Drilling in this case only involves those releases from permanent drilling equipment, and does not include those releases related to drilling activities and well operations such as workover. Information on severity and hole size distribution for
drilling and well operations is given in section 3.6 of this report, and in Table 3 below.
(a) Failure Rates: The population in system years is given in the table (SYSYEARS=summation of the total y ears of that type of system that has been on each installation), together with the number of releases reported against that system type (LEAK) for each year since the start-up of the database in O ctober 1992. The failure rate for any system is given by the total leaks divided by the total system years, and is expressed as a rate per system year. If no releases were reported, then a rate has not been calculated (see notes on table). It is recognized that there are methods of estimating failure rates, even given a zero occurrence, but it is left to the practitioner to select the method appropriate to the scenario under analysis.
(b) Severity Distribution: The total number of releases for each system has been broken down into the three classes of severity i.e. major, significant or minor (see Appendix 2 for details), and a fractional distribution has been calculated for each.
13
(c) Hole Size Distribution The total number of leaks for each system has been broken down into seven hole size categories, together w the fractional distribution for each band or range of ith hole size. It should be noted that hole size is not considered applicable to some scenarios involving open topped vessels (e.g. shale shakers, wemco units, tilted plate separators, etc.), and certain other scenarios involving liquid carry-over, so these have been assigned to a separate category (N/A), in addition to the six ranges shown. IMPORTANT: The severity distribution may be used to find the proportion of major, significant or minor releases within any system failure rate. Similarly, the hole size distribution may be used to determine the proportion of releases within each hole size band. It is very important to note, however, that only one of these distributions should be used at any one time, and that it is incorrect to apply both distributions together on failure rates. For example, the proportion of hole size <10mm for major releases can NOT be found by multiplying the two relevant factors together.
3.4.2 Systems : highest 15 failure rates The barchart in figure 7, section 5.0, shows the failure rates in leaks per system year for the highest ranked 15 release rates out of a total of 52 system types.
The system with the highest failure rate is gas compression with a failure rate of 3.00 x 10-1 leaks per system year. High operating temperatures and pressures, vibration, and the consequent effects of these on vulnerable equipment items such as seals, instruments, and small bore pipework items etc. are considered to be major contributors to the frequency of hydrocarbon releases from this system type, and these factors have been taken into account in the current Process Integrity initiative (Appendix 1). The next highest system failure rate was for subsea gas injection wells (1.67 x 10-1 leaks per system year). Caution should however be exercised when interpreting this rate, as the calculation is based on a very small equipment population.
14
The next highest ranking systems were oil export (1.44 x 10-1 leaks per system year), and fuel gas (1.39 x 10-1 leaks per system year). 3.5 Equipment
3.5.1 Failure rates and severity / hole size distribution Table 2 in section 4.0 portrays equipment failure rates, severity and hole size distributions in similar fashion to those described for systems, and so it is important to read sections 3.4.1 (a), (b), (c) above in relation to equipment items also. Again, it is very important to note that only one of the distributions should be used at any one time, and that it is incorrect to apply both distributions together on any failure rates.
The relationship between systems and individual items of equipment in them has been omitted due to the relatively small number of releases reported compared to the large number of system / equipment type combinations involved.
3.5.2 Equipment : highest 15 failure rates The barchart in figure 8, section 5.0, shows the failure rates in leaks per equipment year for the highest ranked 15 release rates out of a total of 119 equipment types.
The major equipment items with the highest failure rates are dual fuel turbines at 7.24 x 10-2 leaks per equipment year, and reciprocating compressors at 6.50 x 10-2 leaks per equipment year. These indicate strong links with the high gas
compression system leak rates shown above.
It should be noted that the equipment items having the highest numbers of reported leaks were instruments (316 total), and pipework items such as valves, flanges and piping. Their respective population numbers are also very large and thus their respective failure rates in the rankings are reduced. However, the problems (with
15
small bore tubing in particular) have been recognised and guidelines 5 have been produced for addressing loss of containment, etc. 3.6 Drilling/Well Operations activities versus release type and severity
3.6.1 Severity / hole size distribution Table 3 in section 4.0 portrays Drilling and Well Operations activities due to the different population data requirements i.e. per activity per rig year, rather than per system year or equipment year. Drilling activities are sorted by well type i.e.
exploration, appraisal, development, completion, etc. Well operations are sorted by operation type i.e. wireline, coiled tubing, etc. as shown. It should be noted that, due to the lack of suitable population data, failure rates cannot be provided for drilling / well operations activities. Therefore, only severity and hole size distributions are shown in the table. Again, it is very important to note that only one of the distributions should be used at anyone time, and that it is incorrect to apply both distributions together.
3.7
Installation type/location versus release type and severity
Table 5 in section 4.0 summarises the breakdown of all reported releases by hydrocarbon type versus installation type, i.e. fixed which includes floating production systems (FPS), mobile including both drilling and accommodation units, and subsea. Each installation also has an associated location in either the Northern (above 590 Latitude North), Central (560 to 590 Latitude North), or Southern (below 560 Latitude North, including Irish Sea and English Channel) areas of UKCS. The total current population and the estimated number of installation years (as at 31 March 2001) is also given for each installation type on the UKCS by area.
Guidelines for the Management, Design, Installation and Maintenance of Small Bore Tubing Systems. ISBN 0 85293 275 8. Published in 2000 by the Institute of Petroleum.
16
3.7.1 Installation type The breakdown by installation type showed that fixed installations were responsible for 1994 (96.3%) of releases reported. In contrast, only 77 releases (3.7%) were reported by mobile drilling and accommodation installations. These proportions are not considered unusual, because there is constant exposure to hydrocarbons on fixed installations whereas the exposure on mobile installations is intermittent.
3.7.2 Fixed installation failure rates Failure rates have been calculated in terms of leaks per installation year, for each type of installation, by dividing the total number of leaks for that type by the total number of installation years.
Floating Production Systems (including FPSO and FSU) had the highest overall leak rate of 2.8 leaks per installation year, with 5.9% major releases. Fixed attended installations in the Northern North Sea had the next highest leak rate of 2.5 leaks per installation year, with 5.2% of these being major releases. Central fxed attended i installations were next, with 2.3 leaks per installation year, with 5.2% major releases. Southern fixed attended insta llations had a leak rate of 0.4 leaks per installation year, with 8.7% major, and Southern normally unattended installations (NUI) leak rate was 0.2 leaks per installation year, with 20.5% major releases.
The production equipment on the larger attended oil production platforms in the Northern and Central areas is more complex and subject to much greater fluctuation of operating parameters than on the simpler and smaller gas production platforms in the Southern area. It is reasonably foreseeable, therefore, that there may be a greater propensity for hydrocarbon releases of all types on the larger installations. In view of the smaller numbers of the larger installations, it is also expected that failure rates would be much greater than those in the Southern Sector.
3.7.3 Mobile installation failure rates Using the population data held in the HCR database, leak rates have been calculated in terms of leaks per installation year, for each type of mobile installation. However, in the absence of accurate rig years data, it was necessary to assume that each unit was present on the UKCS for the entire period since their arrival, and so 17
these leak rates must be considered very approximate (and tending toward best case) as a result.
Combining Southern and Central release figures gave an overall leak rate for jack-up mobile drilling and accommodation units of 0.4 leaks per installation year, with 7.3% major releases. Northern and Central release figures combined gave an overall leak rate for semi-submersible mobile drilling and accommodation units of 0.3 leaks per installation year, with 19.4% major releases. 3.8 Ignitions
3.8.1 Ignition summary Table 6, section 4.0, summarises the numbers of ignitions for each year versus the number of releases for each type of hydrocarbon. It is important to note that the percentages shown are ignition rates (i.e. percentage of releases ignited) and NOT ignition probabilities (i.e. the likelihood of a particular release igniting).
There was a grand total of 131 reported ignitions (i.e. 6.3% of all releases) over the 8 year period, none of which were major.
There were 40 gas ignitions (30.5% of all ignitions), of which 16 were classed as significant releases (ignition rate 2.2%), and 24 as minor (ignition rate 7.7%). There were no major ignited gas releases.
There were 91 liquid ignitions (69.5% of all ignitions) of which 24 were classed as significant releases (ignition rate 8.0%), and 67 as minor (ignition rate 15.9%). There were no major ignited liquids releases.
There have been no reported 2-phase ignitions to date.
The higher ignition rates in the case of minor releases, and liquids releases in particular, is considered to be due to the fact that reports of unignited minor releases cover only those reportable under RIDDOR definitions based on the potential for fire/explosion, but that ALL ignitions are reportable no matter how minor. 18
3.8.2 Ignition details Table 7, section 4.0, comprises three parts, which contain full details of every ignition reported in the 8 years to 31 March 2001.
The three parts cover the following details : (a) Release parameters (b) Mode of operation/ignition sources/ignition sequences, and (c) Detection mode/emergency actions taken.
Each individual record has a unique number and so it is possible to read all three parts for one ignition incident to obtain the full picture. The purpose of this report is to provide statistics only, so any analysis of ignitions has been excluded here. 3.9 Means of detection
3.9.1 Summary Table 8 in section 4.0, summarises the modes of detection employed during an incident versus the type of hydrocarbon and severity of release. The modes comprise heat, smoke, flame, gas and other. It should be noted that more than one means of detection may be reported for any one release, and so the totals for each column may be more than the total number of releases reported.
There were 2212 detection modes connected with the total 2071 reported releases, more than one mode being effective on some releases. Gas detectors detected 41.8% of all releases (58.7% of gas releases), and the remaining releases were mainly detected by means other tha n equipment designed for the purpose (see 3.9.2 below).
3.9.2 Other detection modes A breakdown of the other category which includes detection by visual means, by sound, by smell etc., is shown in table 9, section 4.0. It is considered important to have a separate table for these, since they have made a substantial contribution to the overall detection of offshore releases. 19
Of the total 2212 modes, 1267 (57.3% of modes) involved means of detection other than by dedicated detection systems. Of these 1267 other means of detection 975 (77%) were visually detected, of which 49 (5% of visual detection) involved major releases, 521 (53% of visual detection) involved significant releases, and 405 (42%) minor releases.
Specific detection details for all reported ignitions are included in table 7 (c).
3.10
Emergency actions versus release type & severity
Table 10, section 4.0, shows a breakdown of the various types of emergency actions taken against the types and severity of releases involved. These actions include either automatic or manual initiation of shutdown, blowdown, deluge, and/or CO2/Halon systems, plus whether any musters and/or any other emergency actions were carried out.
Nearly two-thirds of releases (1355) required shutdown action (404 automatic, 951 manual), of which 103 (7.6% of shutdowns) were for major releases. Blowdown operated on 629 (255 auto, 374 manual = 30.4% of all releases) of which 64 (10.2% of blowdowns) were for major releases.
There were 560 musters (520 at stations, 40 at lifeboats = 27.0% of all releases), 58 of which (10.4% of musters) were for major releases.
In contrast, deluge only operated on 41 releases (2.0% of all releases), of which 11 (26.8% of deluge) were for major releases, and only 52 (2.5% of all releases) involved the use of CO2/Halon systems, of which only 1 was for a major release. There were a total of 62 releases (5 major, 35 significant, 22 minor) where no reported emergency actions were taken. This represents 3.0% of all major releases, 3.0% of significant releases, and 2.9% of minor releases. This indicates that, regardless of severity, 97.0% of all reported releases involved some sort of
20
emergency action. Specific emergency actions taken for all ignitions reported to 31 March 2001 are included in table 7(c). 3.11 Causation & operating mode versus release type & severity
Table 11, section 4.0, summarises the breakdown of all types of release into the four main causation categories (i.e. design, equipment, operational and/or procedural faults) plus details of the mode of operation in the area at the time of the incident. It should be noted that more than one category may be involved in any one incident, and so caution should be exercised when interpreting the figures shown.
The most frequently reported factor was equipment fault at 1362 (65.8% of incidents). Operational faults were next with 1116 (53.9% of incidents), procedural faults 588 (28.4% of incidents), and design faults 321 (15.5% of incidents).
The proportion of releases occurring during normal production was 48.8% compared to that during intervention type activities such as start-up / reinstatement (18.1%), drilling / workover (9.5%), and maintenance / construction (9.7%). These proportions have generally been maintained throughout each year since database start-up in October 1992.
The causation factor involved in most incidents was mechanical failure which occurred on 920 occasions (44.4% of all incidents), followed by improper operation that occurred on 495 occasions (23.9% of all incidents).
A detailed analysis of the causation factors involved in the investigation phase of the Process integrity Initiative (see Appendix 1) is contained in OTO 2001 055.
21
22
4.0
TABLES CONTENTS (All single page tables unless noted otherwise)
Table 1.
System failure rates and severity / hole size distribution (9 pages)
2.
Equipment failure rates and severity / hole size distribution (24 pages)
3.
Drilling and Well operations, severity / hole size distribution (7 Pages)
4.
Severity analysis
5.
Installation type/location versus release type & severity (2 pages incl. notes) Ignitions : summary
6.
7.
Ignitions : details (3 tables of 5, 6 and 5 pages, plus 1 page of notes)
8.
Means of detection : summary
9.
Means of detection : other
10.
Emergency actions versus release type & severity
11.
Causation & operating mode versus release type & severity
23
24
TABLE 1 : SYSTEM FAILURE RATES & SEVERITY / HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM (ALL TYPES) NOTES: 1. Previous = Total for all previous years from 1 October 1992 to 31 March 1999 2. Rate = Total Leaks divided by Total System Years. If no leaks reported, then Rate is not calculated. 3. Hole size is not applicable for some scenarios e.g. where open vessels such as shale shakers are involved or for liquid carry -over incidents, etc. SEVERITY DISTRIBUTION SYSYEARS (Note 1) MAJOR SIGNIFICANT MINOR TOTAL RATE (PER YEAR) (Note 2) <10 mm 10<25 mm HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 25<50 mm 50<75 mm 75<100 mm >=100 mm N/A (note 3)
Overall rate may be multiplied by the severity distribution factor shown to obtain rate for leaks of different seve rities YEAR
Leak rate may be multiplied by hole size distribution factor to obtain rate for various hole sizes.
CAUTI ON : DO NOT USE SEVERITY AND HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FACTORS TOGETHER .
Previous 1999/00 BLOWDOWN 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 DRAINS, CLOSED, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 DRAINS, OPEN, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 DRILLING 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 EXPORT, CONDENSATE, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 EXPORT, GAS, 2000/01 Total:
1137 193 196 1526 1317 222 225 1764 1436 248 252 1936
0 1 0 1 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.00
6 0 1 7 0.88 20 2 3 25 0.61 21 3 5 29 0.52 9 0 0 9 0.75 6 0 1 7 0.50 26 3 4 33 0.65
0 0 0 0 0.00 5 4 5 14 0.34 15 4 8 27 0.48 2 0 0 2 0.17 4 1 2 7 0.50 10 1 0 11 0.22
6 1 1 8 27 6 8 41 36 7 13 56 12 0 0 12 10 1 3 14 43 4 4 51 3.12E-02 9.46E-02 1.05E-02 2.89E-02 2.32E-02 5.24E-03
3 0 1 4 0.50 8 4 7 19 0.46 19 5 7 31 0.55 0 0 0 0 0.00 8 1 3 12 0.86 31 4 4 39 0.76
1 1 0 2 0.25 3 1 1 5 0.12 7 1 4 12 0.21 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.14 7 0 0 7 0.14
0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.07 3 1 1 5 0.09 3 0 0 3 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02
1 0 0 1 0.13 1 0 0 1 0.02 3 0 0 3 0.05 5 0 0 5 0.42 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.04
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02
1 0 0 1 0.13 8 0 0 8 0.20 3 0 1 4 0.07 2 0 0 2 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02
0 0 0 0 0.00 4 1 0 5 0.12 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
863 138 138 1139 113 17 18 148 1225 203 206 1634
1 0 0 1 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 7 0 0 7 0.14
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
25

YEAR
Overall rate may be multiplied by the severity distribution factor shown to obtain rate for leaks of different seve rities
Previous 1999/00 EXPORT, OIL, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 FLARE, HP, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 FLARE, LP, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 FLOWLINES, GAS 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 FLOWLINES, OIL 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 FLOWLINES, OTHER, (CONDENSATE, METHANOL ETC) 2000/01 Total:
687 119 119 925 676 120 121 917
4 0 0 4 0.03 2 1 0 3 0.09
47 4 6 57 0.43 11 2 4 17 0.53 7 4 0 11 0.69 43 8 5 56 0.67 38 3 8 49 0.52 1 0 0 1 0.33
52 5 15 72 0.54 10 0 2 12 0.38 2 0 0 2 0.13 6 2 2 10 0.12 25 5 7 37 0.39 1 0 0 1 0.33
103 9 21 133 23 3 6 32 11 5 0 16 63 14 7 84 69 9 16 94 3 0 0 3 4.68E-04 1.23E-02 1.05E-02 1.56E-02 3.49E-02 1.44E-01
74 8 18 100 0.75 9 1 5 15 0.47 2 0 0 2 0.13 54 10 5 69 0.82 63 8 15 86 0.91 2 0 0 2 0.67
14 1 2 17 0.13 2 1 1 4 0.13 0 0 0 0 0.00 6 4 2 12 0.14 0 1 1 2 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 0 0 3 0.02 4 0 0 4 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.02 2 0 0 2 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03 2 2 0 4 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33
2 0 0 2 0.02 1 1 0 2 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
7 0 0 7 0.05 1 0 0 1 0.03 2 1 0 3 0.19 1 0 0 1 0.01 4 0 0 4 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 0 1 4 0.03 5 0 0 5 0.16 3 2 0 5 0.31 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
753 135 137 1025 6011 979 989 7979 5643 992 992 7627
2 1 0 3 0.19 14 4 0 18 0.21 6 1 1 8 0.09
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
4885 763 763 6411
1 0 0 1 0.33
< DISTRIBUTION >
26

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 GAS COMPRESSION. 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 IMPORT, CONDENSATE 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 IMPORT, GAS, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 IMPORT, OIL, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 MANIFOLD, GAS 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 MANIFOLD, OIL 2000/01 Total:
835 141 145 1121
16 2 1 19 0.06
172 37 26 235 0.70 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 13 0.59 13 2 0 15 0.60 13 1 0 14 0.64 17 5 1 23 0.66
51 10 21 82 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1 7 0.32 8 0 1 9 0.36 2 1 0 3 0.14 3 4 2 9 0.26
239 49 48 336 0 0 0 0 18 2 2 22 22 2 1 25 18 2 2 22 23 9 3 35 1.82E-02 9.60E-03 2.31E-02 1.37E-02 Note 2 3.00E-01
181 44 44 269 0.80 0 0 0 0 0 14 2 2 18 0.82 16 2 1 19 0.76 16 2 1 19 0.86 17 8 3 28 0.80
36 4 2 42 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.09 1 0 0 1 0.04 2 0 1 3 0.14 2 1 0 3 0.09
9 1 1 11 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.05 2 0 0 2 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.06
0 0 1 1 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 0 0 3 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
5 0 0 5 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.05 2 0 0 2 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.06
5 0 0 5 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
60 9 9 78 1231 185 188 1604 802 139 139 1080
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.09 1 0 0 1 0.04
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
1728 281 283 2292 1417 253 253 1923
3 0 2 5 0.23 3 0 0 3 0.09
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
27

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 MANIFOLD, OTHER, (CONDENSATE, METHANOL ETC) 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 METERING, CONDENSATE, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 METERING, GAS, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 METERING, OIL, 2000 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, GAS, CHEMICAL INJECTION 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, GAS, DEHYDRATION 2000/01 Total:
1781 281 281 2343 309 50 52 411
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 1.00 5 1 0 6 0.38 20 5 5 30 0.70 10 4 0 14 0.45 1 0 0 1 0.25 29 3 2 34 0.58
0 0 0 0 0.00 8 1 1 10 0.63 8 2 2 12 0.28 11 2 2 15 0.48 3 0 0 3 0.75 15 5 2 22 0.37
2 0 0 2 13 2 1 16 29 7 7 43 23 6 2 31 4 0 0 4 46 9 4 59 7.68E-02 4.18E-03 3.55E-02 2.94E-02 3.89E-02 8.54E-04
1 0 0 1 0.50 11 2 1 14 0.88 23 7 6 36 0.84 15 5 2 22 0.71 3 0 0 3 0.75 33 6 4 43 0.73
0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.13 5 0 1 6 0.14 5 1 0 6 0.19 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 2 0 6 0.10
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.25 3 1 0 4 0.07
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.05
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.03
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
1087 186 188 1461 640 117 117 874 707 125 126 958
1 0 0 1 0.02 2 0 0 2 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
571 98 99 768
2 1 0 3 0.05
< DISTRIBUTION >
28

YEAR
Previous PROCESSING, GAS, LPG/ CONDENSATE 1999/00 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, GAS, METHANOL (INJECTI ON) 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, GAS, PROD . WATER TREATMENT. 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, GAS, SOUR (H2S/CO2) TREATMENT. 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, OIL, CHEMICAL INJECTION 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, OIL, METHANOL (INJECTION) 2000/01 Total:
542 90 92 724
0 0 0 0 0.00
19 1 0 20 0.47 5 0 1 6 0.40 5 0 0 5 0.71 2 0 0 2 0.50 2 0 0 2 0.67 1 0 0 1 0.33
19 2 2 23 0.53 5 2 2 9 0.60 1 0 1 2 0.29 2 0 0 2 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.33 1 0 1 2 0.67
38 3 2 43 10 2 3 15 6 0 1 7 4 0 0 4 3 0 0 3 2 0 1 3 8.75E-03 1.99E-03 5.13E-02 1.28E-02 1.49E-02 5.94E-02
31 3 2 36 0.84 8 2 3 13 0.87 5 0 1 6 0.86 2 0 0 2 0.50 2 0 0 2 0.67 1 0 1 2 0.67
5 0 0 5 0.12 1 0 0 1 0.07 1 0 0 1 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.02 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
739 132 134 1005 409 69 69 547 59 9 10 78
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
1123 191 192 1506 240 51 52 343
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
29

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, OIL, OIL TREATMENT, 2000/01
250 48 48 346
1 0 0 1 0.03 2 0 0 2 0.04
16 1 0 17 0.57 18 1 2 21 0.40 8 1 2 11 0.46 2 1 2 5 0.50 38 2 5 45 0.63 16 2 4 22 0.61
9 0 3 12 0.40 22 5 3 30 0.57 6 0 1 7 0.29 3 0 0 3 0.30 20 0 3 23 0.32 7 1 1 9 0.25
26 1 3 30 42 6 5 53 19 1 4 24 7 1 2 10 61 2 8 71 28 3 5 36 6.05E-02 7.94E-02 1.80E-02 2.12E-02 8.28E-02 8.67E-02
21 1 2 24 0.80 14 4 3 21 0.40 15 1 1 17 0.71 6 1 2 9 0.90 46 0 7 53 0.75 19 3 4 26 0.72
3 0 1 4 0.13 8 0 1 9 0.17 2 0 1 3 0.13 0 0 0 0 0.00 6 2 1 9 0.13 4 0 1 5 0.14
0 0 0 0 0.00 4 0 0 4 0.08 1 0 1 2 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.03 2 0 0 2 0.06
1 0 0 1 0.03 2 0 0 2 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.10 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03
1 0 0 1 0.03 3 0 0 3 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 11 2 1 14 0.26 0 0 1 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 0 0 4 0.06 2 0 0 2 0.06
< DISTRIBUTION >
Previous 1999/00 PROCESSING, OIL, PROD. WATER TREATMENT, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 SEPARATION, GAS PRODUCTION 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 SEPARATION, GAS TEST 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 SEPARATION, OIL PRODUCTION 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 SEPARATION, OIL TEST 2000/01 Total:
471 84 85 640
< DISTRIBUTION >
865 131 134 1130 425 65 66 556 662 116 116 894
5 0 1 6 0.25 2 0 0 2 0.20 3 0 0 3 0.04
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
435 80 80 595
5 0 0 5 0.14
< DISTRIBUTION >
30

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, GAS, FUEL GAS, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, GAS, POWER GEN. TURBINES. 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, OIL, DIESEL. 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, OIL, HEAT TRANSFER OIL 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, OIL, HELI -FUEL / JET FUEL 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 UTILITIES, OIL, POWER GEN. TURBINES. 2000/01 Total:
767 127 129 1023
7 1 0 8 0.06
59 5 9 73 0.51 21 2 1 24 0.50 27 7 3 37 0.37 3 1 0 4 0.31 2 0 0 2 0.33 4 1 0 5 0.36
44 4 13 61 0.43 18 2 3 23 0.48 36 13 12 61 0.62 8 0 1 9 0.69 1 2 1 4 0.67 5 2 1 8 0.57
110 10 22 142 40 4 4 48 64 20 15 99 11 1 1 13 3 2 1 6 9 3 2 14 3.36E-03 4.53E-03 2.93E-02 3.23E-02 2.26E-02 1.39E-01
75 6 21 102 0.72 33 1 3 37 0.77 44 18 14 76 0.77 7 1 1 9 0.69 1 1 1 3 0.50 6 2 1 9 0.64
17 1 1 19 0.13 3 0 1 4 0.08 9 2 0 11 0.11 2 0 0 2 0.15 1 1 0 2 0.33 2 0 0 2 0.14
10 0 0 10 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 0 1 5 0.05 2 0 0 2 0.15 1 0 0 1 0.17 1 0 1 2 0.14
2 1 0 3 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 0 0 3 0.02 0 1 0 1 0.02 3 0 0 3 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 2 0 4 0.03 4 2 0 6 0.13 1 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 1 0 1 0.07
< DISTRIBUTION >
1580 269 272 2121 2287 386 390 3063 316 63 64 443
1 0 0 1 0.02 1 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
996 164 165 1325 3092 540 540 4172
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.07
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
31

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 VENT, HP, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 VENT, LP, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL CONTROL 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, GAS INJECTION, SUBSEA 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, GAS INJECTION, SURFACE 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, GAS PRODUCTION, SUBSEA 2000/01 Total:
1052 177 179 1408 1441 247 249 1937
3 0 0 3 0.12 2 0 0 2 0.13
14 0 0 14 0.54 4 0 0 4 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.00 2 0 0 2 0.67 1 0 0 1 0.50
9 0 0 9 0.35 5 3 2 10 0.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00
26 0 0 26 11 3 2 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 3 2 0 0 2 7.94E-03 6.64E-03 1.67E-01 Note 2 8.26E-03 1.85E-02
11 0 0 11 0.42 3 1 2 6 0.38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.00 2 0 1 3 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 0.08 2 1 0 3 0.19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50
1 0 0 1 0.04 2 0 0 2 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
4 0 0 4 0.15 1 0 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
4 0 0 4 0.15 1 0 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50
4 0 0 4 0.15 1 1 0 2 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
837 134 134 1105 2 2 2 6 344 54 54 452
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
190 31 31 252
1 0 0 1 0.50
< DISTRIBUTION >
32

YEAR
Previous 1999/00 WELL, GAS PRODUCTION, SURFACE 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, OIL PRODUCTION, SUBSEA, 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, OIL PRODUCTION, SURFACE 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, OTHER, SUBSEA 2000/01 Total: Previous 1999/00 WELL, OTHER, SURFACE 2000/01 Total:
3940 648 658 5246
2 0 0 2 0.07
19 2 2 23 0.77 12 1 1 14 0.88 24 2 5 31 0.65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 2 5 0.17 0 1 0 1 0.06 5 2 5 12 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 2 4 30 13 2 1 16 34 4 10 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 Note 2 7.63E-03 1.11E-02 5.72E-03
19 2 3 24 0.80 11 2 1 14 0.88 26 4 9 39 0.81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 1 6 0.20 2 0 0 2 0.13 5 0 1 6 0.13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
1003 220 220 1443 4724 782 782 6288 110 17 17 144
1 0 0 1 0.06 5 0 0 5 0.10 0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
< DISTR IBUTION >
< DISTRIBUTION >
1009 155 155 1319
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
33
34
TABLE 2 : EQUIPMENT FAILURE RATES & SEVERITY / HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

EQUIPMENT (ALL TYPES) EQTYEARS NOTES: 1. Previous = Total for all previous years YEAR from 1 October 1992 to 31 March 1999 (Note 1) 2. Rate = Total Leaks divided by Total Eqt.Years. If no leaks reported, then Rate is not calculated. 3. Hole size is not applicable for some scenarios e.g. where open vessels such as shale shakers are involved or for liquid carry -over incidents, etc. Overall rate may be multiplied by the severity distribution factor shown to obtain rate for leaks of different severities. SEVERITY DISTRIBUTION MAJOR SIGNIFICANT MINOR TOTAL RATE (PER YEAR) (Note 2) <10 mm 10<25 mm HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 25<50 mm 50<75 mm 75<100 mm >=100 mm N/A (note 3)
CAUTION : DO NOT USE SEVERITY AND HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FACTORS TOGETHER.
Previous 1999/00 BOP STACKS, SUBSEA 2000/01 Total:
266 39 39 344
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 2 11 0.50 11 0 5 16 0.76 8 1 1 10 0.63
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 10 0.45 5 0 0 5 0.24 5 1 0 6 0.38
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 8 4 4 9.19E-03 16 0.73 13 0 4 6.50E-02 17 0.81 6 2 0 2.57E-03 8 0.50
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.14 3 0 1 4 0.19 0 0 1 1 0.06
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.19
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.06
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.09 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.06
< DISTRIBUTION > 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 BOP STACKS, SURFACE 2000/01 Total:
839 131 131 1101
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 COMPRESSORS, CENTRIFUGAL 2000/01 Total:
1752 318 325 2395
1 0 0 1 0.05
Previous 1999/00 COMPRESSORS, RECIPROCATING 2000/01 Total:
235 43 45 323
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS 2000/01 Total:
4739 743 743 6225
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
35

EQUIPMENT (ALL TYPES) EQTYEARS NOTES: 1. Previous = Total for all previous years YEAR from 1 October 1992 to 31 March 1999 (Note 1) 2. Rate = Total Leaks divided by Total Eqt.Years. If no leaks reported, then Rate is not calculated. 3. Hole size is not applicable for some scenarios e.g. where open vessels such as shale shakers are involved or for liquid carry -over incidents, etc. SEVERITY DISTRIBUTION MAJOR SIGNIFICANT MINOR TOTAL RATE (PER YEAR) (Note 2) <10 mm 10<25 mm HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 25<50 mm 50<75 mm 75<100 mm >=100 mm N/A (note 3)
Overall rate may be multiplied by the severity distribution factor shown to obtain rate for leaks of different severities.
Previous 1999/00 DEGASSERS 2000/01 Total:
1442 227 228 1897
0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 24 1 2 27 0.55 2 0 0 2 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.50
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 6 20 0.41 1 0 1 2 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.50
1 0 0 1 5.27E-04
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 13 3 5 Note 2 21 0.43 1 0 1 Note 2 2 0.50 2 0 0 2.13E-02 2 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 3 9 0.18 1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.06 1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 7 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 7 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 DIVERTERS 2000/01 Total:
866 134 134 1134
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 DRAIN OPENING 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 2 0.04
Previous 1999/00 DRAIN PLUG 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 EXPANDERS 2000/01 Total:
70 11 13 94
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
36

Previous 1999/00 FILTERS 2000/01 Total:
6953 1191 1206 9350
0 0 0 0 0.00
15 2 3 20 0.59 2 0 0 2 1.00 52 7 6 65 0.66 51 7 5 63 0.57 11 2 2 15 0.56
10 3 1 14 0.41 0 0 0 0 0.00 15 6 10 31 0.32 29 3 7 39 0.35 6 0 0 6 0.22
25 5 4 34 3.64E-03
19 4 4 27 0.79 2 0 0 2.31E-03 2 1.00 59 10 13 5.56E-05 82 0.84 67 8 11 3.95E-05 86 0.78 18 3 2 9.85E-05 23 0.85
2 1 0 3 0.09 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 1 2 5 0.05 7 3 1 11 0.10 1 0 0 1 0.04
1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 1 1 4 0.04 9 0 0 9 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.01 2 0 0 2 0.02 0 0 1 1 0.04
1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 5 1 0 6 0.06 1 0 0 1 0.01 2 0 0 2 0.07
1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 FIN FAN COOLERS 2000/01 Total:
642 108 116 866
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 FLANGES, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
1293810 234203 235945 1763958
2 0 0 2 0.02
Previous 1999/00 FLANGES, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
2051652 361918 369312 2782882
7 1 0 8 0.07
Previous 1999/00 FLANGES, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
199618 36302 38090 274010
4 1 1 6 0.22
< DISTRIBUTION >
37

Previous 1999/00 HEAT EXCHANGERS, HC IN SHELL 2000/01 Total:
1790 315 325 2430
2 0 0 2 0.17
6 1 0 7 0.58 6 0 1 7 0.54 13 1 1 15 0.75 139 24 19 182 0.58 4 0 0 4 0.80
1 1 1 3 0.25 2 0 3 5 0.38 4 0 1 5 0.25 74 12 18 104 0.33 1 0 0 1 0.20
9 2 1 12 4.94E-03
8 0 1 9 0.75 7 0 4 2.92E-03 11 0.85 14 1 2 1.03E-02 17 0.85 187 32 32 5.85E-04 251 0.79 0 0 0 6.83E-04 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.08 1 0 0 1 0.08 2 0 0 2 0.10 41 8 4 53 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 1 0 1 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 5 0 0 5 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.05 1 0 0 1 0.00 4 0 0 4 0.80
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.20
0 1 0 1 0.08 1 0 0 1 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 1 4 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 HEAT EXCHANGERS, HC IN TUBE 2000/01 Total:
3309 566 572 4447
1 0 0 1 0.08
Previous 1999/00 HEAT EXCHANGERS, PLATE 2000/01 Total:
1398 263 285 1946
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 INSTRUMENTS 2000/01 Total:
399686 69889 70784 540359
26 4 0 30 0.09
Previous 1999/00 MUD / SHALE PUMPS 2000/01 Total:
5561 879 879 7319
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
38

Previous 1999/00 MUD / SHALE SHAKERS 2000/01 Total:
2712 431 431 3574
0 0 0 0 0.00
3 0 0 3 0.75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 4 1.12E-03
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 1 0 3.79E-03 1 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 2 0.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 MUD / SHALE TANKS 2000/01 Total:
7413 1187 1187 9787
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PIG LAUNCHERS, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
167 28 28 223
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PIG LAUNCHERS, 8" < D < = 12" 2000/01 Total:
199 32 33 264
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PIG LAUNCHERS, D < = 8" 2000/01 Total:
95 14 14 123
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
39

Previous 1999/00 PIG LAUNCHERS, D > 16 2000/01 Total:
783 139 140 1062
2 0 0 2 0.22
4 0 0 4 0.44 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 1 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.50
1 0 2 3 0.33 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0.50
7 0 2 9 8.47E-03
2 0 1 3 0.33 1 0 0 8.37E-03 1 0.50 0 1 0 5.49E-03 1 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 2 1 1 9.93E-03 4 0.67
2 0 0 2 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.17
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.11 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 1 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.17
Previous 1999/00 PIG RECEIVERS, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
185 27 27 239
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PIG RECEIVERS, 8" < D < = 12" 2000/01 Total:
139 21 22 182
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PIG RECEIVERS, D < = 8" 2000/01 Total:
149 22 22 193
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PIG RECEIVERS, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
446 79 79 604
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
40

Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, FLEXIBLE, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
3250 500 500 4250
1 0 0 1 0.50
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 2 4.71E-04
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 5.25E-06 0 0.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 2 0 0 2.11E-05 2 0.67 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
142853 23863 23863 190579
0 0 0 0 0.00
16266 3667 3667 23600
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, FLEXIBLE, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
107675 17178 17178 142031
2 0 0 2 0.67
Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, FLEXIBLE, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
10375 1733 1733 13841
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
41

Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, STEEL, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
225417 40316 40316 306049
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 1.00 0 0 1 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.40 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 2.75E-06 4 1.00 0 0 1 2.51E-06 1 0.50 4 0 0 8.63E-06 4 0.80 0 0 0 1.16E-06 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1067372 194679 194679 1456730
0 0 0 0 0.00
578805 107136 110036 795977
1 0 0 1 0.50
Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, STEEL, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
444976 67148 67148 579272
2 0 0 2 0.40
Previous 1999/00 PIPELINES, STEEL, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
639601 109572 110772 859945
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
42

Previous 1999/00 PIPING, FLEXIBLE, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
72407 11945 11945 96297
2 2 1 5 0.28
6 3 2 11 0.61 16 1 1 18 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 54 8 10 72 0.55 100 16 18 134 0.49
2 0 0 2 0.11 11 5 3 19 0.46 0 0 0 0 0 35 3 12 50 0.38 82 18 30 130 0.48
10 5 3 18 1.87E-04
6 1 3 10 0.56 14 6 4 9.11E-04 24 0.59 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 71 7 21 5.87E-05 99 0.75 141 30 44 2.00E-04 215 0.79
2 3 0 5 0.28 9 0 0 9 0.22 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 7 0.05 26 3 5 34 0.13
1 0 0 1 0.06 4 0 0 4 0.10 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.02 14 1 0 15 0.06
0 1 0 1 0.06 3 0 0 3 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0.02 2 0 0 2 0.01
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 1 0 4 0.01
1 0 0 1 0.06 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 13 0.10 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 8 0.06 1 1 0 2 0.01
Previous 1999/00 PIPING, FLEXIBLE, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
34141 5442 5442 45025
4 0 0 4 0.10
Previous 1999/00 PIPING, FLEXIBLE, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
6725 924 924 8573
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PIPING, STEEL, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
1672609 285736 290232 2248577
9 1 0 10 0.08
Previous 1999/00 PIPING, STEEL, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
1015444 171906 175117 1362467
5 2 1 8 0.03
< DISTRIBUTION >
43

Previous 1999/00 PIPING, STEEL, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
485568 83220 86731 655519
4 0 0 4 0.11
16 1 2 19 0.53 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0.60 7 0 1 8 0.33 2 0 0 2 1.00
6 2 5 13 0.36 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.40 15 0 0 15 0.63 0 0 0 0 0.00
26 3 7 36 5.49E-05
14 2 7 23 0.64 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 1 0 0 1.88E-02 1 0.20 6 0 0 2.39E-02 6 0.25 1 0 0 1.09E-02 1 0.50
3 0 0 3 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.20 5 0 1 6 0.25 1 0 0 1 0.50
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0.40 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
6 0 0 6 0.17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 1 0 4 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 9 0 0 9 0.38 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, ADSORBER 2000/01 Total:
23 4 4 31
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, K.O.DRUM 2000/01 Total:
206 30 30 266
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, OTHER 2000/01 Total:
702 151 151 1004
1 0 0 1 0.04
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, REBOILER 2000/01 Total:
140 21 22 183
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
44

PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, SCRUBBER
Previous 1999/00 2000/01 Total:
221 32 32 285
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0.56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0.40
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.60
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2.21E-03 2 0.22 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 0 0 2.95E-03 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.40
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 5 0.56 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.40
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, SEPARATOR 2000/01 Total:
2992 541 545 4078
1 0 0 1 0.11
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, HORIZONTAL, STABILISER 2000/01 Total:
70 17 17 104
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTR IBUTION > 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, ADSORBER 2000/01 Total:
263 50 51 364
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, K.O.DRUM 2000/01 Total:
1265 216 216 1697
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
45

Previous PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, OTHER 1999/00 2000/01 Total:
988 233 237 1458
0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 3 5 0.63 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 1.00 0 1 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 3 0.38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 1 3 0.75 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 3 8 5.49E-03
2 0 0 2 0.25 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 2 1 0 1.01E-03 3 1.00 2 1 1 1.52E-03 4 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
2 0 0 2 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 2 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, REBOILER 2000/01 Total:
33 6 6 45
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL , SCRUBBER 2000/01 Total:
2166 388 402 2956
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, SEPARATOR 2000/01 Total:
1984 323 327 2634
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PRESSURE VESSEL, VERTICAL, STABILISER 2000/01 Total:
86 14 14 114
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
46

Previous 1999/00 PUMPS, CENTRIFUGAL, DOUBLE SEAL 2000/01 Total:
4890 867 867 6624
0 0 0 0 0.00
16 2 4 22 0.55 6 1 0 7 0.30 4 1 0 5 0.50 1 1 0 2 0.67 0 0 0 0 0
16 1 1 18 0.45 11 1 4 16 0.70 4 1 0 5 0.50 0 1 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0
32 3 5 40 6.04E-03
26 3 4 33 0.83 14 2 4 5.16E-03 20 0.87 6 2 0 8.13E-03 8 0.80 0 2 0 3.95E-03 2 0.67 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
4 0 1 5 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.09 1 0 0 1 0.10 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.10 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 2 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 PUMPS, CENTRIFUGAL, SINGLE SEAL 2000/01 Total:
3265 593 599 4457
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PUMPS, RECIPROCATI NG, DOUBLE SEAL 2000/01 Total:
930 149 151 1230
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 PUMPS, RECIPR OCATING, SINGLE SEAL 2000/01 Total:
562 99 99 760
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 RECOMMPRESSORS 2000/01 Total:
0 0 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
47

Previous 1999/00 RISERS, FLEXIBLE, 12" < D < =16" 2000/01 Total:
435 145 145 725
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.25E-05 0 0.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 1 0 0 3.94E-05 1 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, FLEXIBLE, 4" < D < = 8" 2000/01 Total:
58298 10780 10780 79858
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, FLEXIBLE, 8" < D < = 12" 2000/01 Total:
16001 6915 6915 29831
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, FLEXIBLE, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
18958 3211 3211 25380
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, FLEXIBLE, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
5754 885 885 7524
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
48

Previous 1999/00 RISERS, STEEL, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
50614 8797 8797 68208
0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.33
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.33
1 0 0 1 1.47E-05
1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 2.68E-06 1 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 0 0 0 1.84E-05 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
282354 45119 45119 372592
0 0 0 0 0.00
53723 9377 9852 72952
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, STEEL, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
61801 9140 9140 80081
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 RISERS, STEEL, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
120542 21165 21385 163092
1 0 0 1 0.33
< DISTRIBUTION >
49

Previous 1999/00 TURBINES, DUAL FUEL 2000/01 Total:
332 55 55 442
1 0 1 2 0.06
8 2 1 11 0.34 11 1 0 12 0.55 5 2 1 8 0.53 12 1 0 13 0.59 4 1 0 5 0.83
15 2 2 19 0.59 7 1 2 10 0.45 5 1 0 6 0.40 8 0 0 8 0.36 1 0 0 1 0.17
24 4 4 32 7.24E-02
20 1 2 23 0.72 10 1 2 2.67E-02 13 0.59 9 3 1 5.19E-04 13 0.87 14 1 0 1.29E-03 15 0.68 4 1 0 8.04E-04 5 0.83
0 0 1 1 0.03 3 0 0 3 0.14 1 0 0 1 0.07 2 0 0 2 0.09 1 0 0 1 0.17
0 0 1 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 1 0 2 0.09 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
4 3 0 7 0.22 3 0 0 3 0.14 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.09 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 TURBINES, GAS 2000/01 Total:
611 103 110 824
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOCK, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
21320 3768 3831 28919
1 0 0 1 0.07
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOCK, D <= 3" 2000/01 Total:
12783 2105 2135 17023
1 0 0 1 0.05
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOCK, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
5465 980 1015 7460
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
50

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOWDOWN, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
2502 459 474 3435
0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 5 0.42 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 1 0 2 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 2.91E-04
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 1 0 2.82E-04 1 0.50 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 7 3 0 1.07E-03 10 0.83 1 0 0 6.11E-05 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOWDOWN, D < = 3" 1999/00 2000/01 Total:
5262 903 932 7097
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, BLOWDOWN, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
210 32 32 274
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CHOKE, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
8497 1377 1390 11264
3 0 0 3 0.25
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CHOKE, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
10522 2923 2923 16368
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
51

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CHOKE, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
71 10 10 91
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 14 1 0 15 0.79 13 1 0 14 0.50 2 0 1 3 1.00 4 0 1 5 0.38
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.16 10 1 2 13 0.46 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 0 2 6 0.46
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 13 1 0 8.00E-04 14 0.74 17 2 2 1.07E-03 21 0.75 2 0 1 8.44E-04 3 1.00 8 1 3 4.65E-04 12 0.92
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.08
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0.16 3 0 0 3 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CONTROL, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
17508 3103 3138 23749
1 0 0 1 0.05
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CONTROL, D < =3" 2000/01 Total :
19568 3332 3364 26264
1 0 0 1 0.04
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, CONTROL, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
2613 456 484 3553
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, ESDV, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
20665 3609 3690 27964
1 1 0 2 0.15
< DISTRIBUTION >
52

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, ESDV, < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
14969 2545 2654 20168
1 0 0 1 0.25
2 1 0 3 0.75 2 0 0 2 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.67 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00
3 1 0 4 1.98E-04
2 1 0 3 0.75 2 0 0 2.85E-04 2 1.00 0 0 0 1.44E-03 0 0.00 2 0 0 2.16E-03 2 0.67 1 0 0 8.46E-04 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, ESDV, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
5197 879 930 7006
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L ESDV, 12" < D < = 16" 2000/01 Total:
528 83 83 694
1 0 0 1 1.00
1058 167 167 1392
0 0 0 0 0.00
851 163 168 1182
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
53

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L ESDV, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
1136 171 171 1478
0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 1.00 2 0 0 2 1.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 2 1.35E-03
1 0 0 1 0.50 2 0 0 1.15E-03 2 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 1 0 0 2.92E-03 1 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L ESDV, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
1279 227 229 1735
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L SSIV ASSY, 4" < D < = 8" 2000/01 Total:
608 17 17 642
0 0 0 0 0
116 113 113 342
0 0 0 0 0.00
248 39 39 326
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
54

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L SSIV ASSY, D < = 4" 2000/01 Total:
285 43 43 371
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 12 0.86 9 6 0 15 0.56 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.14 8 2 1 11 0.41 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 Note 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 9 1 0 9.97E-04 10 0.71 13 5 1 7.59E-04 19 0.70 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0.14 5 3 0 8 0.30 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, P/L SSIV ASSY, D > 16" 2000/01 Total:
179 27 29 235
0 0 0 0 0
VALVE, ACTUATED, RELIEF, 3" < D < = 11"
Previous 1999/00 2000/01 Total:
10344 1823 1873 14040
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, RELIEF, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
26474 4527 4575 35576
1 0 0 1 0.04
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, ACTUATED, RELIEF, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
239 42 42 323
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
55

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, BLEED. 2000/01 Total:
171461 29378 29571 230410
0 0 0 0 0.00
12 2 0 14 0.74 23 1 2 26 0.84 17 2 4 23 0.48 6 0 2 8 0.73 3 0 0 3 0.50
5 0 0 5 0.26 2 2 0 4 0.13 11 5 3 19 0.40 2 0 1 3 0.27 1 1 0 2 0.33
17 2 0 19 8.25E-05
5 2 0 7 0.37 19 3 2 1.08E-04 24 0.77 18 6 7 6.99E-05 31 0.65 6 0 3 3.95E-04 9 0.82 1 1 0 1.64E-04 2 0.33
8 0 0 8 0.42 3 0 0 3 0.10 9 1 1 11 0.23 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 0.11 2 0 0 2 0.06 1 0 1 2 0.04 2 0 0 2 0.18 1 0 0 1 0.17
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 0 0 4 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.17
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.05 1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.33
1 0 0 1 0.05 1 0 0 1 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, BLOCK, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
211601 37031 37196 285828
1 0 0 1 0.03
Previous 1999/01 VALVE, MANUAL, BLOCK, D < = 3 2000/01 Total:
506244 89516 90635 686395
4 0 2 6 0.13
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, BLOCK, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
20645 3551 3664 27860
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHECK, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
27088 4722 4773 36583
1 0 0 1 0.17
< DISTRIBUTION >
56

Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHECK, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
28727 4803 4853 38383
1 0 0 1 0.20
1 0 0 1 0.20 5 0 0 5 0.83 3 0 0 3 0.60 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 3 0.60 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 1 0 1 0.20 2 0 0 2 0.67 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 0 5 1.30E-04
4 1 0 5 1.00 5 0 0 1.06E-03 5 0.83 4 1 0 7.78E-04 5 1.00 3 0 0 3.68E-04 3 1.00 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHECK, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
4165 725 764 5654
1 0 0 1 0.17
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHOKE, 3" < D < = 11" 2000/01 Total:
4776 827 827 6430
1 0 0 1 0.20
Prev ious 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHOKE, D < = 3" 2000/01 Total:
6201 975 975 8151
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 VALVE, MANUAL, CHOKE, D > 11" 2000/01 Total:
86 12 12 110
0 0 0 0 0
< DISTRIBUTION >
57

Previous 1999/00 WELLHEADS, 5000 psi < P < = 10000 psi (690 bar) 2000/01 Total:
2274 375 375 3024
1 0 0 1 0.33
0 1 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 4 16 0.57 8 0 1 9 0.82 38 3 3 44 0.81
1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 3 9 0.32 0 0 1 1 0.09 2 1 3 6 0.11
2 1 0 3 9.92E-04
1 1 0 2 0.67 0 0 0 Note 2 0 0 14 1 5 3.09E-03 20 0.71 8 0 2 5.20E-03 10 0.91 35 4 6 4.20E-03 45 0.83
1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 7 0.25 1 0 0 1 0.09 6 0 0 6 0.11
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.04
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELLHEADS, P > 10000 psi (690 bar) 2000/01 Total:
202 1572 1572 3346
0 0 0 0 0
Previous 1999/00 WELLHEADS, P < = 5000 psi (345 bar) 2000/01 Total:
8997 32 45 9074
3 0 0 3 0.11
Previous 1999/00 XMAS TREES, 5000 psi < P < = 10000 psi (690 bar) 2000/01 Total:
1581 267 267 2115
1 0 0 1 0.09
Previous 1999/00 XMAS TREES, P < = 5000 psi (345 bar) 2000/01 Total:
9541 1655 1655 12851
4 0 0 4 0.07
< DISTRIBUTION >
58

Previous 1999/00 XMAS TREES, P > 10000 psi (690 bar) 2000/01 Total:
202 32 45 279
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 1 1 2 0.50
0 1 1 2 0.50
0 2 2 4 1.43E-02
0 2 2 4 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00
< DISTRIBUTION >
59
60
TABLE 3 : DRILLING/WELL OPERATIONS : SEVERITY & HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS

ACTIVITY (ALL TYPES) YEAR (Note 1) SEVERITY DISTRIBUTION MAJOR SIGNIFICANT MINOR TOTAL (Note 2) <10 mm 10<25 mm HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 25<50 mm 50<75 mm 75<100 mm >=100 mm N/A (note 3)
NOTES: 1. Previous = Total for all previous years from 1 October 1992 to 31 March 1999 2. List excludes those items with zero releases. 3. Hole size is not applicable for some scenarios e.g. where open vessels such as shale shakers are involved or for liquid carry -over incidents, etc. 4. Suitable population data is not available to calculate failure rates for drilling and well operation activities.
Overall leaks may be multiplied by the severity distribution factor shown to obtain proportion of leaks of different severities.
Overall leaks may be multiplied by hole size distribution factor to obtain proportion of various hole sizes.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE SEVERITY AND HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION FACTORS TOGETHER
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING EXPLORATION, OIL WELL, 100 - 700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 4 1 2 7 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00
2 0 0 2 <DISTRIBUTION> 2 0 0 2 <DISTRIBUTION> 1 0 0 1 <DISTRIBUTION> 2 0 0 2 <DISTRIBUTION> 4 1 2 7 <DISTRIBUTION>
1 0 0 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 1 2 0.29
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 1 0 1 0.14
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.14
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 1 3 0.43
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, APPRAISAL, OIL WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.50
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, COMPLETION, GAS WELL, 100 - 700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, COMPLETION, GAS WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.50
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, COMPLETION, OIL WELL, 100 - 700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
61

Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, COMPLETION, OIL WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.50
1 0 0 1 0.50 6 1 0 7 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.00 8 2 0 10 0.59 2 0 0 2 0.67
0 0 0 0 0.00 3 2 2 7 0.50 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 1 3 5 0.29 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.50 7 2 2 11 0.79 1 0 0 1 1.00 3 0 1 4 0.24 3 0 0 3 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 1 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 0.50 0 1 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.18 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 2 2 7 0.41 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, DEVELOPMENT, GAS WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, DEVELOPMENT, GAS WELL, 100 - 700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, DEVELOPMENT, OIL WELL, 100 - 700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
2 0 0 2 0.12
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, DEVELOPMENT, OIL WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.33
62

Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, EXPLORATION, GAS WELL, <100 METRES 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.20 3 0 0 3 0.75
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 3 1 0 4 0.80 1 0 0 1 0.25
1 0 0 1 <DISTRIBUTI ON> 1 0 0 1 <DISTRIBUTION> 2 0 0 2 <DISTRIBUTION> 4 1 0 5 <DISTRIBUTION> 4 0 0 4 <DISTRIBUTION>
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 1 1 0 2 0.40 1 0 0 1 0.25
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.25
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.50 2 0 0 2 0.40 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.50
Previous 1999/00 DRILLING, EXPLORATION, GAS WELL, 100-700 METRES 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 1.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, ABANDONMENT, GAS WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, ABANDONMENT, OIL WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, ABANDONMENT, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
63

Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, COILED TUBING, GAS WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.50
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 7 0 1 8 0.53 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 1.00
0 0 1 1 0.50 0 0 1 1 1.00 5 1 0 6 0.40 0 1 0 1 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 1.00 9 1 1 11 0.73 0 1 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.33
1 0 1 2 1.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.13 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, COILED TUBING, GAS WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, COILED TUBING, OIL WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.07
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, COILED TUBING, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, OTHER, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
64

Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, RE-COMPLETION, GAS WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.33 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 2 2 0.67 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.33 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 1.00 1 0 0 1 0.33 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, RE-COMPLETION, OIL WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, RE-COMPLETION, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, SNUBBING, GAS WELL WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, SNUBBING, OIL WELL WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
65

Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WELL TEST, GAS WELL WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 1 0 1 0.11 2 1 1 4 0.67 3 0 1 4 0.50 3 0 0 3 0.33 7 0 0 7 0.78
7 0 1 8 0.89 2 0 0 2 0.33 2 1 0 3 0.38 3 0 2 5 0.56 1 0 0 1 0.11
7 1 1 9 1.00 3 0 1 4 0.67 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 1 3 0.33 9 0 0 9 1.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.13 0 0 2 2 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.17 1 0 0 1 0.13 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.13 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 1 0 1 0.17 1 0 0 1 0.13 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 3 1 0 4 0.50 1 0 0 1 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WELL TEST, GAS WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WELL TEST, OIL WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.13
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WELL TEST, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 1 1 0.11
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WIRELINE, GAS WELL, WITH TREE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 0 1 0.11
66

Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WIRELINE, GAS WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
0 2 0 2 1.00 16 0 1 17 0.63 1 1 1 3 0.50
0 0 0 0 0.00 7 0 1 8 0.30 1 1 1 3 0.50
0 2 0 2 <DISTRIBUTION> 24 0 3 27 <DISTRIBUTION> 2 2 2 6 <DISTRIBUTION>
0 2 0 2 1.00 12 0 2 14 0.52 1 2 2 5 0.83
0 0 0 0 0.00 6 0 0 6 0.22 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.11 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 1 1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.00
0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.04 1 0 0 1 0.17
0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WIRELINE, OIL WELL, WITH TR EE 2000/01 Total:
1 0 1 2 0.07
Previous 1999/00 WELL OPS, WIRELINE, OIL WELL, WITHOUT TREE 2000/01 Total:
0 0 0 0 0.00
67
Table 4 : HYDROCARBON TYPE versus SEVERITY OF RELEASE

SEVERITY HYD TYPE LIQUID GAS 2-PHASE TOTAL LIQUID GAS 2-PHASE TOTAL LIQUID GAS 2-PHASE TOTAL LIQUID GAS 2-PHASE TOTAL 92/93 1 9 2 12 12 34 4 50 9 10 0 19 22 53 6 81 93/94 4 16 4 24 32 96 22 150 53 41 3 97 89 153 29 271 94/95 1 16 3 20 53 132 9 194 56 51 4 111 110 199 16 325 95/96 2 12 6 20 30 86 18 134 34 24 0 58 66 122 24 212 96/97 3 14 2 19 40 74 15 129 54 20 4 78 97 108 21 226 97/98 1 6 6 13 40 79 20 139 37 29 0 66 78 114 26 218 98/99 2 8 5 15 31 85 18 134 53 31 1 85 86 124 24 234 99/00 0 11 1 12 35 79 12 126 47 46 3 96 82 136 16 234 00/01 0 7 1 8 28 74 15 117 79 60 6 145 107 141 22 270 TOTAL 14 99 30 143 301 739 133 1173 422 312 21 755 737 1150 184 2071
MAJOR
SIGNIFICANT
MINOR
ALL
68
Table 5 : INSTALLATION TYPE/LOCATION versus RELEASE TYPE & SEVERITY

NOTES : 1. 2. Data covers the period from 1st October, 1992 to 31st March, 2001. Northern Area (N) = 590 N Latitude and above. Central Area (C) = between 560 N Latitude and 590 N Latitude. Southern Area (S) = 560 N Latitude and below. (incl. Irish Sea and English Channel) COUNT of fixed installation types comprises all installations of that type operating in that area of the UKCS as at 31st March 2001. COUNT of mobile installations comprises known fleet operating in UK waters during 2000/2001. COUNT of subsea installations comprises all known installations that have operated in the UKCS as at 31 March 2001, excluding single well satellite/tie-backs. Because of the small number of subsea releases, no calculation of subsea installation years has been undertaken. YEARS = estimated number of installation years (as at 31st March 2001) including those for installations abandoned since 1st October 1992. FPS includes FPSO and FSU. Maj = Major release Sig = Significant release Min = Minor release (Please refer to APPENDIX 2 for definitions of severity) Failure rates may be calculated by dividing Release Type TOTALS by Installation YEARS.
3.
4. 5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
69
Table 5 : INSTALLATION TYPE/LOCATION versus RELEASE TYPE AND SEVERITY

INSTALLATION 00/01 POPULATION COUNT YEARS (1) FIXED = 1994 or 96.3 % of TOTAL RELEASES NORTHERN MANNED 31 250.6 FIXED NUI 3 25.5 CENTRAL MANNED 43 296.8 FIXED NUI 11 66.8 SOUTHERN MANNED 76 585.2 FIXED NUI 95 652.0 FPS 25 113.9 SUBSEA 40 TOTAL 324 (2) MOBILES = 77 or 3.7 % of TOTAL RELEASES N SEMI-SUB C 21 138.3 S N JACK-UP C 16 111.3 S TOTAL 37 GRAND TOTAL 361 TYPE LIQUIDS Maj Sig Min 3 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 10 3 0 0 0 1 0 4 14 73 0 97 0 29 21 64 0 284 7 5 0 0 0 5 17 301 121 0 166 3 45 8 68 0 411 2 3 0 0 2 4 11 422 RELEASE TYPE GAS 2-PHASE Sig Min Maj Sig Min 238 0 234 0 95 47 104 3 721 2 5 0 0 2 9 18 739 105 0 97 2 37 11 42 1 295 0 1 0 0 1 15 17 312 9 0 7 0 0 2 7 2 27 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 30 56 0 45 1 3 2 22 0 129 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 133 12 0 5 0 0 0 4 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
Maj 21 0 27 0 18 19 10 1 96 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 99
TOTALS 638 0 679 6 229 112 323 7 1994 16 20 0 0 8 33 77 2071
70
Table 6 : IGNITIONS SUMMARY (1)

YEAR
1992/93
(2)
DETAILS
IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) % IGNITIONS RELEASES (3) %
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
ALL YEARS
HYDROCARBON TYPE & SEVERITY LIQUIDS GAS 2-PHASE Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 12 9 9 34 10 2 4 0 0 8.3 22.2 0 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 7 10 0 4 5 0 0 0 4 32 53 16 96 41 4 22 3 0 21.9 18.9 0 4.2 12.2 0 0 0 0 5 15 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 53 56 16 132 51 3 9 4 0 9.4 26.8 0 0.8 5.9 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 30 34 12 86 24 6 18 0 0 3.3 17.6 0 1.2 4.2 0 0 0 0 4 10 0 2 2 0 0 0 3 40 54 14 74 20 2 15 4 0 10 18.5 0 2.7 10 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 0 0 1 40 37 6 79 29 6 20 0 0 0 8.1 0 3.8 10.3 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 3 3 0 0 0 2 31 53 8 85 31 5 18 1 0 9.7 17 0 3.5 9.7 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 35 47 11 79 46 1 12 3 0 5.7 8.5 0 0 8.7 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 28 79 7 74 60 1 15 6 0 3.6 10.1 0 1.4 5.0 0 0 0 0 24 67 0 16 24 0 0 0 14 301 422 99 739 312 30 133 21 0 8.0 15.9 0 2.2 7.7 0 0 0
TOTAL
4 81 4.9 26 271 9.6 24 325 7.4 9 212 4.2 18 226 8 9 218 4.1 18 234 7.7 10 234 4.3 13 270 4.8 131 2071 6.3
Notes: (1) (2) (3) Total numbers in Hydrocarbon releases database for the period 01-10-92 TO 31-03-01 6 months period from 01-10-92 to 31-03-93 No. of Ignitions No. of Releases = % Ignited NB: This is NOT an Ignition probability Full details of all Ignitions are given in Tables 7 a, b, and c.
(4)
71
72
Table 7 : IGNITION DETAILS

NOTES : 1. The following table contains detailed information on all of the ignitions which have been reported and recorded in the Hydrocarbon Releases Database between 1 October, 1992 and 31 March, 2001. The table is in three parts : (a) Release parameters (b) Mode of Operation/ignition sources and sequences (c) Detection modes and emergency actions Each ignition has a reference number, and so it is possible to read all the details supplied for any one incident by referring to its unique reference number in each of the three parts.
2.
3.
73
Table 7(a) : IGNITIONS - RELEASE PARAMETERS

Year 1992/93 Ref. 1 2 3 4 Total = 4 1993/94 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Total = 26 1994/95 31 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Oil Oil Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Methanol Methanol Glycol Glycol Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Heat Trans Oil Lub Oil Non Process Type Lub Oil Severity Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor System Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Export, Oil Separation, Oil Test Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Gas Compression Gas Compression Gas Compression Manifold, Other, (Condensate, Methanol, Etc) Processing, Gas, Chemical Injection Processing, Gas, Dehydration Processing, Gas, Dehydration Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, diesel Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Utilities, Oil, Power Gen Turbines Separation, Oil Production Separation, Oil Test Flare, HP Processing, Gas, LPG/Condensate Flowlines, Oil Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Vent, HP Vent, HP Vent, HP Vent, HP Vent, LP Export, Oil Type* of Installation CF CF CF SF CF CF CF SMJ NF SF SF NF NF NF CF CF CF CF CF CF SF CF NF CF SF SF SF SF SF SF NF Gravity/ Density (kgs/m3) 799.12 799.12 839.08 9.00 876.04 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 1123.76 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 877.03 839.08 799.12 599.34 599.34 74.60 12.70 1.60 1.60 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 799.12 Amount Released (kgs) 6.00 47.90 266.78 54.00 876.04 3.00 0.16 525.00 0.80 766.20 588.00 7.26 3.63 18.16 132.00 1044.00 1.00 666.94 3.63 10.00 27.00 0.60 0.03 153.00 210.00 41.10 0.04 0.06 0.06 210.00 36.00 @Actual Pressure (barg) 3.72 0.00 4.14 10.00 3.45 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.34 3.93 4.14 0.00 10.00 0.00 75.86 12.41 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Release Duration (mins) 1.00 5.00 15.00 30.00 20.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 300.00 10.00 10.00 0.50 10.00 5.00 10.00 2.00 20.00 1.00 5.00 5.00 1.00 0.25 17.00 10.00 0.25 6.00 8.00 8.00 5.00 10.00 Equivale nt Hole** (mm) 3.00 508.00 N/A 5.00 25.00 1.00 1.00 50.80 25.40 10.00 12.70 N/A N/A 6.70 25.40 9.53 1.00 N/A 12.70 76.20 12.70 1.00 1.00 25.40 38.10 152.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 76.20 1.00
*where C=Central, S=Southern, N=Northern areas, F=Fixed, MS=Semisub, MJ=Jackup
74
**N/A signifies holesize not applicable to mode of release

Year Ref. 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Total = 24 1995/96 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process Non Process Type Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Glycol Glycol Glycol Diesel Fuel Oil Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil Heli-Fuel Diesel Diesel Severity Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Lub Oil Lub Oil Glycol Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant System Export, Oil Gas Compression Gas Compression Gas Compression Gas Compression Gas Compression Processing, Gas, Chemical Injection Processing, Gas, Dehydration Processing, Gas, Dehydration Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Utilities, Oil, Heli-Fuel / Jet-Fuel Utilities, Oil, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Power Gen Turbines Flare, HP Processing, Gas, Sour (H2S/CO2) Treatment Flare, HP Gas Compression Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Vent, LP Gas Compression Gas Compression Processing, Gas, Dehydration Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, diesel Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Utilities, Oil, Heat Transfer Oil Processing, Gas, LPG/Condensate Type* of Installation CF CF SF NF NF CF SF SF SF SMJ NMS NF CF CF CMJ CF CF NMS CF CF NF NF NF NF CF NF CF CF CF NF CF SF Gravity/ Density (kgs/m3) 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 1048.85 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 835.00 835.00 799.12 799.12 599.34 1.50 4.90 9.00 1.00 859.05 869.04 799.12 835.00 835.00 799.12 884.03 1.20 Amount Released (kgs) 3.63 964.80 3.00 3.00 3.00 7.26 6.00 4.30 22.00 18.00 141.00 3.63 0.30 10.90 0.60 835.00 835.00 7291.20 10.00 5.99 40.50 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 60.83 29.30 0.84 0.84 0.08 7.00 14.40 @Actual Pressure (barg) 0.00 70.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.07 1.03 30.00 10.00 0.00 4.80 4.83 0.00 30.00 30.00 250.00 0.00 5.00 0.79 5.00 10.00 0.01 0.00 10.00 0.00 30.00 30.00 5.00 0.00 0.69 Release Duration (mins) 5.00 2.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 30.00 2.00 36.00 60.00 10.00 5.00 30.00 1.00 3.00 15.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 0.50 165.00 5.00 1.00 1.00 15.00 7.00 720.00 5.00 0.08 1.00 16.00 8.00 Equivale nt Hole** (mm) N/A 12.70 1.00 1.00 1.00 N/A 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 N/A 1.00 1.80 1.00 11.80 11.80 25.40 N/A 25.40 N/A 1.00 1.00 3.90 1.00 2.70 1.00 1.00 2.30 1.00 38.10 12.70
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Gas
75

Year Ref. 63 Total = 9 1996/97 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Total = 18 1997/98 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Total = 9 *where C=Central, S=Southern, N=Northern areas, F=Fixed, MS=Semisub, MJ=Jackup Hydrocarbon Type Gas Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil Non Process Type Severity Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Diesel Diesel Diesel Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Vent, LP Export, Oil Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Gas Compression Flare, HP Gas Compression Import, Gas Drains, Closed Drilling, Development, Gas Well, <100 Metres Processing, Gas, Sour (H2S/CO2) Treatment Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilites, Oil, Diesel Utilites, Oil, Diesel Utilites, Oil, Diesel Drilling, Development, Gas Well, <100 Metres Export, Oil Import, Oil Metering, Oil Processing, Gas, LPG/Condensate Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas System Type* of Installation CF CF CF CF SMJ NF NF NF NF CF CF CF NF CF SF SF CF SF CF NF CF CF CF SF CF NF NF NF NF Gravity/ Density (kgs/m3) 1.00 799.12 799.12 799.12 849.07 849.07 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 599.34 699.23 0.70 0.80 0.80 9.00 799.12 799.12 799.12 68.25 0.80 0.85 0.70 52.20 9.00 Amount Released (kgs) 0.50 0.40 79.91 1.60 0.85 0.85 0.80 150.00 70.00 0.40 0.40 0.80 15.98 127.04 2.72 0.70 0.07 0.80 2.00 5.00 0.80 10.00 5.00 0.15 0.90 0.10 6.00 121.90 25.50 @Actual Pressure (barg) 0.00 17.24 2.40 9.00 2.00 2.07 0.00 103.45 103.45 23.00 23.00 0.00 1.75 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 50.00 68.97 82.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 49.00 10.00 Release Duration (mins) 2.00 7.00 5.00 1.30 3.00 2.00 2.00 8.00 32.00 1.00 1.00 20.00 1.00 3.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 16.70 5.00 0.25 0.50 0.10 5.00 300.00 0.50 Equivale nt Hole** (mm) 6.00 1.00 5.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 12.70 12.70 12.70 1.00 1.00 1.00 N/A N/A N/A 1.00 N/A 9.10 203.20 N/A 1.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 25.40 25.00 12.70 1.00 25.40
Non Process Non Process Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process
Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas
76

Year 1998/99 Ref. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Total = 18 1999/00 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Total = 10 2000/01 119 120 121 122 123 Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process Process Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Power Gen Turbines Flare, LP Export, Oil Manifold, Oil Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Diesel Gas Compression Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel NF CF NF CF NF CF CF CF NF SF CF CF CF CF CF 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 849.07 471.00 0.80 1.20 3.20 2.90 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 1.00 11.99 1.60 31.96 85.00 100.00 0.80 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.40 15.98 4.00 2.00 3.40 5.00 124.00 3.45 124.00 10.00 8.50 0.00 0.14 2.62 2.76 5.00 5.00 123.99 40.00 110.00 4.00 4.50 10.00 4.00 20.00 2.00 1.00 10.00 0.06 0.50 2.50 0.50 0.42 2.00 5.00 N/A 1.40 1.00 1.40 1.90 N/A 9.10 1.00 N/A 3.50 1.00 6.30 1.60 1.00 1.00 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Type Lub Oil Glycol Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Hydraulic Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Severity Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Significant Significant Minor System Gas Compression Processing, Gas, Dehydration Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Utilities, Oil, Diesel Processing, Gas, Dehydration Processing, Gas, Dehydration Drains, Closed Export, Oil Separation, Oil Test Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Vent, HP Vent, LP Type* of Installation NF SF NF NF CF CF CF CF CF CF NF CF NF CF CF CF NF NF Gravity/ Density (kgs/m3) 869.04 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 799.12 599.34 0.80 0.68 0.80 9.00 0.75 0.80 Amount Released (kgs) 465.00 1.20 7.10 2.40 180.00 163.82 9.00 0.05 0.80 0.00 5.00 0.20 0.90 1.00 0.10 5.00 0.03 0.10 @Actual Pressure (barg) 100.00 10.34 1.75 1.75 1.75 81.00 3.00 5.00 82.80 9.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 Release Duration (mins) 5.00 1.00 15.00 5.00 15.00 5.00 15.00 0.08 3.00 5.00 1.00 5.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 2.00 5.00 13.80 Equivale nt Hole** (mm) 5.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.00 3.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 N/A N/A 457.20 N/A N/A N/A 1.00 1.00
77

Year Ref. 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 Total = 13 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Type Diesel Lub Oil Diesel Severity Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor System Utilities, Oil, Diesel Gas Compression Utilities, Gas, Power Gen Turbines Export, Oil Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Export, Gas Gas Compression Utilities, Gas, Fuel Gas Type* of Installation CF CF NF NF CF SF NF CF Gravity/ Density (kgs/m3) 849.07 886.02 799.12 799.12 19.90 85.00 0.80 20.00 Amount Released (kgs) 0.42 44.30 79.91 0.20 0.70 1.80 0.03 0.02 @Actual Pressure (barg) 0.07 80.99 0.55 0.00 17.00 103.45 0.00 20.69 Release Duration (mins) 1.30 5.00 1.00 1.00 6.00 3.00 0.25 0.16 Equivale nt Hole** (mm) 1.00 1.60 17.20 2.20 1.00 1.00 4.10 1.00
78
Table 7(b) : IGNITIONS - MODE OF OPERATION & IGNITION SOURCES/SEQUENCES

Year 1992/93 Ref. 1 2 3 4 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Oil Oil Gas Non Process Type Lub Oil Severity Minor Minor Significant Significant Mode of Operation Testing Construction Hot Work Start-up Shutting down Ignition Source Impinging on Hot Exhaust Manifold. Sparks from welding operation ignited hydrocarbons. The HP flare, which was lit at the time of oil carryover. Following shutdown to platform gas turbine driven generator, caused by loss of fuel gas pressure, fire started inside turbines inlet air plenum. Hot surface on the turbine exhaust pipework. Hot surface of power turbine exhaust cowling. On restart, after shutdown, natural temperature rise flashed off pool of oil. Fluid ran down to a beam where a welder was working, welders sparks ignited release. Hot welding spelter falling from above. Hot work had been suspended, as was reinstated after drain down. At this point spillage occurred and was ignited. Reboiler flame itself. The reboiler tube fails allowing glycol into contact with the heat source, ie the flame. Glocol entered fire tube. Diesel in turbine exhaust space ignited by hot gases of combustion. Ignited by burning gas / exhaust gases. Hot exhaust gases and hot surface caused ignition of diesel fuel in duct. Hot surface of diesel engine exhaust diffuser. Oil reached ignition temperature upon contact with a hot, unlagged flange. Vaporised oil ignited from hot turbine exhaust. Ignition source was flare system, which was lit at the time of the carryover Possibly static electricity from container and/or from operators clothing. Gas condensate spilled onto flare tip platform and ignited. Welder cutting into redundant pipework. Welders spark from hot work site adjacent to (and above) the leak. This produced a gas ring type of flame, - steady blue circular flame, two or three inches high. Spark from a 24 volt lead going to earth. 60 30 Delay Time(s) 30 Ignition Sequence*
Flash Explosion Jet Pool
1 1 1 1
Total = 4 1993/94
5 6 7 8 9
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process
Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Methanol Methanol
Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor
Testing Normal Production Start-up Drilling Maintenance Hot Work
1 1 1 1 1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Oil Condensate Condensate Gas
Glycol Glycol Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Heat Trans Oil Lub Oil
Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor
Normal Production Normal Production Reinstatement Reinstatement Reinstatement Maintenance Cold Work Testing Maintenance Cold Work Start-up Maintenance Cold Work Start-up Construction Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work
2 1 1
1 1 4800 1 1 180 1 1 1 1 1 1
23
Gas
Minor
Inspection
79
*numbers signify order of ignition, i.e. 1=first, 2=second

Year Ref. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Total = 26 1994/95 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Hydrocarbon Type Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Glycol Glycol Non Process Type Severity Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Mode of Operation Start-up Shut Down Construction Hot Work Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Reinstatement Construction Hot Work Normal Production Normal Production Start-up Reinstatement Construction Hot Work Start-up Ignition Source Hot gases ignited in exhaust stack. Hot exhaust stack. Local welding activity. Snow squall - lightning. Snow/sleet squall - lighntning. Sleet squall - lightning. Lightning strike. Damaged seal ring blocked circulation of seal oil, causing localised heating. Stray welding spark from work ongoing. Hot surfaces of running machinery within turbine enclosure. (Particularly exhaust system) Hot exhaust duct. Lub oil mist ignited on hot surface. (Turbine output shaft) Exhaust gases. Welding work in progress. Mechanical tube failure led to glycol ignition inside fire tube. Ignited glycol burnt the flame arrestor which allowed burning glycol to exit the reboiler and drop to the deck with a resultant pool fire. Flame was present in addition to normal burner flame in central fire tube of regenerator. Hot surface. Burst line on no.1 engine spraying fuel onto no.4 engine exhaust manifold Excess diesel ignited in the transition duct (wet start on a hot engine) causing explosion and flame migration into engine compartment due to diesel drain in duct being partially blocked. Turbocharger hot surface. Hot surface of pump body had apparently ignited contaminants within the perfecto fluid. Heli-fuel made contact with engine exhausts. Hot surface of gas turbine. Hot surface of machine. 60 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Delay Time(s) Ignition Sequence*
1 1
39 40 41 42
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process
Glycol Diesel Fuel Oil Diesel
Minor Minor Significant Minor
Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Reinstatement
1 1 2
43 44 45 46 47
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process
Lub Oil Lub Oil Heli-Fuel Diesel Diesel
Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant
Testing Normal Production Maintenance Cold Work Normal Production Normal Production
1 1 1 1 1
80

Year Ref. 48 Hydrocarbon Type Oil Non Process Type Severity Significant Mode of Operation Drilling Ignition Source Fuel pipe fractured on no.1 diesel, spraying fuel onto no.4 engine. No.4 engine exhaust manifold caused fuel to ignite. Flare tip ignited condensate/vapour causing internal explosions within the flare system. A series of explosions resulted. (Approx. 12 in number) Condensate ignited due to electrostatic source. (Unsatisfactory earthing bond) A series of explosions caused by ignition of low volume, low pressure, gas combined with air and inert gases from adjacent system. Flare itself was source of ignition. Internal combustion of extraneous material/gas in exhaust ducting. Sparks from welding of pipe supports above. Wind blown sparks from burning hot work approx. 10ft from ignition. The heat from exhaust was sufficient to cause a small flash fire when the lagging was disturbed during damping down /removal. Hot surface of exhaust ducting or power turbine. Not known - surface temp of still column, 180 oC. Hot surface of machine. Hot surface of machine. Turbine exhaust collector. Suspect heat from engine turbocharger. Flame from burning torch. (Oxyacetylene) Sparks from welding operations. Delay Time(s) Ignition Sequence*
49
Condensate
Minor
Construction Cold Work
50 51
Condensate Gas
Minor Significant
Sampling Normal Production
1 1 2
52 53 54 Total = 24 1995/96
Gas Gas Gas
Minor Minor Minor
Start-up Construction Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work
1 1 1
55
Non Process
Lub Oil
Minor
Normal Production
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Total = 9 1996/97 64 65 66 67 68 69
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Gas Gas
Lub Oil Glycol Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil
Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor
Normal Production Normal Production Reinstatement Reinstatement Reinstatement Testing Construction Hot Work Construction Hot Work
30 715
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process
Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel
Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor
Reinstatement Shutting Down Testing Normal Production Normal Production Maintenance Cold Work
Heat generated between the rotating stationery mechanical seal faces was the source of ignition. Hot metal surface of turbine casing. Thought to be hot surface of burner inlet pipework. Exhaust of number one main engine. High temperature on top of caterpillar engine. Flash fire on hot turbine exhaust.
1 300 1 1 1 1 1
60
81

Year Ref. 70 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Type Diesel Severity Significant Mode of Operation Start-up Ignition Source Fire caused by ignition of some burners while diesel fuel from the unlit burner poured into transition cone and eventually ignited. Excess liquid fuel ignited by gas burners. Residual heat. Leaking engine exhaust and oil from leaking lube oil lines along with high temperatures. Lub oil/water wash fluid contact with hot exhaust. This was a flaring incident, therefore no actual ignition occurred. A flame was already present. Condensate heavy ends in fuel. Detected by heat detector causing shutdown. While removing a check valve from 12 flowline using a 110 volt grinder to remove the bolts. Oxyacetylene burning torch. Gas ignition caused by welding torch at wellhead. Welding operations. Unspent gas entered the exhaust resulting in combustion and overpressure within the exhaust ducting. Hot turbine surface. Sparks from welding on the process deck above dripping through to the marine deck. Hot turbine casing. Cutting torch. Welding Equipment. Static, caused by poor electrical continuity of earth strap. Arc welding of flange to pipe stub. Spark from damaged trace heating cable. Excess gas ignited by burners. Heat from heat exhaust ignited oil saturated lagging. Glycol entered the boiler flame tube and ignited. Delay Time(s) 480 Ignition Sequence*
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas
Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil
Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant
Reinstatement Start-up Normal Production Reinstatement Start-up Start-up Construction Cold Work Maintenance Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work Start-up
1620 45 1200 60 60
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Total = 18 1997/98
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Non Process Non Process Non Process Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Pr ocess Non Process
Diesel Diesel Diesel
Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant
Reinstatement Maintenance Hot Work Start-up Drilling Maintenance Hot Work Sampling Maintenance Hot Work Normal Production Start-up Start -up Normal Production
1 1 240 1 1 1 1 1 9999 30 3600 1 1 1 2 1
Total = 9 1998/99
91 92
Lub Oil Glycol
Significant Minor
93
Non Process
Lub Oil
Minor
Maintenance Cold Work
Turbine exhaust (two UV flame detectors activated and CO2 manually discharged). Turbine had been
82

Year Ref. Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Type Severity Mode of Operation Ignition Source and CO2 manually discharged). Turbine had been shutdown for approx 15 minutes prior to alarm. Turbine exhaust - single UV flame detection (alarm on central control room fire and gas panel). CO2 operated manually by production operator. It is believed that a small fire was caused by oil coming in contact with the hot exhaust. Hot surface. Not Known. Lub oil ignited by the hot surface of the power turbine casing. Hot surface of burner inlet pipework. Hot surface of turbine fuel pipework at gas generator, within turbine enclosure. Hot surface of burner. Quantity so small no automatic detection picked up. Area operator noticed small amount of smoke from turbine vent. Filter basket had been removed from pipeline hydrocarbon present. The basket was removed, and a blue flash was apparent when it was flushed w ith water. It is thought that the hose was not anti-static and was source of ignition. There was no hydrocarbon release. Affected system was completely isolated from hydrocarbon sources and had been isolated, purged, flushed, a small residue was contained in a section of pipe being cut up for removal. Ignited by sparks/heat from a grinder. Presumed to be static. Not proven. Other ignition sources considered. Residual current in the pump motor and the cathodic protection. Hot surfaces in turbine. Air operated grinder. Flames were seen at turbine exhaust - unburnt gas reached exhaust due to delay in ignition sequence sof tware. Lightning Lightning during snow squalls. Exhaust temperature. (ie hot exhaust) Suspect hot turbine casing surface. No flame was seen during this incident. On the basis that 2xIR 480 1 Delay Time(s) Ignition Sequence*
94
Non Process
Lub Oil
Minor
Shut Down
15
95 96 97 98 99 100
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process
Lub Oil Hydraulic Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel
Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor
Normal Production Normal Production Shutting Down Reinstatement Start-up Normal Production
15 60
1 1 1 1 1 1
101
Oil
Minor
Cleaning
102
Condensate
Minor
Maintenance Hot Work
103 104 105 106
Gas Gas Gas Gas
Minor Significant Minor Significant
Maintenance Cold Work Start-up Construction Hot Work Construction Cold Work
1 1 1 1
107 108 Total = 18 1999/00 109 110
Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Diesel Diesel
Significant Minor Minor Minor
Normal Production Normal Production Reinstatement Normal Production
1 1 1
83

Year Ref. Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Type Severity Mode of Operation Ignition Source seen during this incident. On the basis that 2xIR Detectors had activated it is believed that a flash fire had occurred, investigations are ongoing. Smoke caused by diesel supply fitting to one of the combustion cans leaking onto hot surfaces. On removal of the heat shield an area of black carbon could be seen around the lower half of the turbine casing this indicated that ignition did occur. Suspect hot turbine casing surface as ignition source. Hot surfaces within the enclosure. Platform flare tip. Welders arc. Burning torch from adjacent red hot work. Welding operation. (Being undertaken) Very small ignition on backfire, resulting in flame path. Hot exhaust Hot exhaust trunking Conducted heat on combustion chamber Hot surface of the turbine casing Diesel onto hot surface Hot surface Assumed to be wet surfaces within enclosure Diesel fuel seeped into combustion system and ignited producing excessive smoke Source of ignition w as spark from grinding of pipe with disc grinder Hot tubing casing Assumed to be as a result of welding work ongoing near the flange in a specially constructed habitat. No witness statements can confirm or deny this Ignition occurred when shell was being pre-heated by means of naked flame, oxy-acetylene was the flame Hot surface Delay Time(s) Ignition Sequence*
111 112
Non Process Non Process
Diesel Diesel
Minor Minor
Reinstatement Reinstatement
1 120 1
113 114 115 116 117 118 Total = 10 2000/01
Non Process Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas
Lub Oil
Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor
Shut Down Normal Production Construction Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work Maintenance Hot Work Normal Production
1 1 1 1 1 1
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131
Non Process Non Process Non Non Non Non Non Non Oil Gas Gas Gas Gas Process Process Process Process Process Process
Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Diesel
Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor
Routine Maintenance Maintenance Replacement Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Normal Production Start Up Construction Hotwork Normal Production Construction Hotwork Maintenance Hotwork Normal Production
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 1 1 1
Total = 13
84
Table 7(c) : IGNITIONS - DETECTION MODES & EMERGENCY ACTIONS

Year 1992/93 Ref. 1 2 3 4 Total = 4 1993/94 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Oil Oil Gas Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Methanol Methanol Glycol Glycol Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Heat Transfer Oil Lub Oil Non Process Type Lub Oil Severity Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Mode of Dete ction Visual Visual Visual Heat Visual Visual Flame Visual Visual Flame Visual Visual Visual Smoke, Flame Visual Visual Visual Visual Flame Visual Visual Visual Gas Temperature Change Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Emergency Actions Taken Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Other Action Manual Shutdown Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Manual Blowdown, Other Action None Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Manual Deluge, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action None Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon Manual CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Auto Shutdown Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Auto Deluge, Muster at Lif eboats, Other Action None Other Action Muster at Lifeboats, Other Action Other Action Auto Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Other Action Other Action Manual CO2/Halon Manual CO2/Halon Manual CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon
Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas
85

Year Total = 26 1994/95 Ref. Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Non Non Non Process Process Process Process Lub Oil Lub Oil Glycol Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Non Process Type Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Glycol Glycol Glycol Diesel Fuel Oil Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil Heli-Fuel Diesel Diesel Severity Mode of Dete ction Emergency Actions Taken
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor
Visual Visual Heat Visual Visual Sound Visual Flame Visual Visual Visual Flame Flame Visual Visual Flame Flame Smoke Sound Visual Sound Sound Visual Visual Visual Heat Visual Flame Flame Visual
Manual Shutdown, Other Action Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Other Action Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Other Action Auto Shutdown, Manual Blowdown, Manual Deluge, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Auto CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown, Auto Deluge, Other Action Other Action Other Action Manual Shutdown Manual Shutdown Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Deluge Other Action Other Action Other Action Other Action Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Manual Blowdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Other Action
Total = 24 1995/96 55 56 57 58 59 60
Non Process Non Process
86

Year Ref. 61 62 63 Total = 9 1996/97 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Total = 18 1997/98 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Total = 9 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Diesel Diesel Diesel Non Process Type Lub Oil Severity Minor Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Significant Mode of Dete ction Heat Visual Visual Flame Smoke, Flame Flame Smoke Visual Visual Flame Flame Flame Smoke Visual Visual Heat Visual Visual Visual Visual Flame Visual Visual Visual Gas Visual Visual Flame Sound Emergency Actions Taken Manual Shutdown, Auto Deluge, Muster at Stations, Other Action Other Action Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Deluge, Muster at Stations, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action Other Action Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown Manual Shutdown Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown, Manual Blowdown, Muster at Stations Auto Shutdown Other Action Muster at Stations, Other Action Other Action Other Action Other Action Auto Shutdown, CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Other Action Manual Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon Other Action Other Action Other Action Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Auto Deluge, Muster at Stations None
Lub Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Lub Oil
87

Year 1998/99 Ref. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Total = 18 1999/00 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Total = 10 2000/01 119 120 121 Non Process Non Process Non Process Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Minor Minor Minor Visual Flame Flame Other Action, Muster at Lifeboats Auto CO2 / Halon, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Other Action Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Condensate Gas Gas Gas Gas Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Non Process Type Lub Oil Glycol Lub Oil Lub Oil Lub Oil Hydraulic Oil Lub Oil Diesel Diesel Diesel Severity Significant Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Significant Minor Minor Minor Minor Mode of Dete ction Visual Visual, Flame Visual Flame Visual Flame Visual Flame Flame Visual Gas Flame, Gas Sound Visual Visual Flame Heat Flame Flame Heat, Gas Visual, Flame Flame Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Emergency Actions Taken Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual CO2/Halon Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown, Other Action Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Other Action Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Manual Shutdown Other Action Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Auto Deluge, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown, Other Action Other Action None Auto Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Manual CO2/Halon Other Action Auto Shutdown, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown Auto Shutdown, Muster at Stations Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2/Halon, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown Other Action Muster at Stations Other Action Manual Shutdown, Manual Blowdown, Other Action
88

Year Ref. 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 Total = 13 Hydrocarbon Type Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Non Process Oil Gas Gas Gas Gas Non Process Type Diesel Diesel Diesel Lub Oil Diesel Severity Minor Minor Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Significant Minor Minor Mode of Dete ction Flame Visual Flame Flame Smoke Flame, Visual Gas Flame, Visual Flame, Visual Flame Emergency Actions Taken Manual Shutdown Manual Shutdown Manual Shutdown, Manual CO2/Halon Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Auto CO2 / Halon, Muster at Stations Manual Shutdown, Muster at Stations Other Action Auto Shutdown, Auto Blowdown, Muster at Stations, Other Action Manual Shutdown, Other Action None Auto Shutdown, Auto CO2 / Halon
89
90
Table 8 : MEANS OF DETECTION : SUMMARY

S E V E R I Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min
HYDROCARBON VE TYPE
DETECTION MODE
TOTALS
HEAT
SMOKE FLAME
GAS
OTHER MODES LEAKS
LIQUIDS
GAS
2-PHASE
TOTALS GRAND TOTALS

Notes: 1. 2. 3.
0 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 4 10
0 5 6 1 4 2 0 2 0 1 11 8 20
0 12 28 0 4 5 0 0 1 0 16 34 50
2 59 67 62 422 191 14 46 2 78 527 260 865
12 241 330 40 374 137 20 93 20 72 708 487 1267
14 321 434 103 806 336 34 141 23 151 1268 793 2212
14 301 422 99 739 312 30 133 21 143 1173 755 2071
Totals for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01 More than one type of detection may occur in relation to any one incident Further breakdown of OTHER is shown in Table 9
91
Table 9 : OTHER MEANS OF DETECTION

Detection Mode Visual Sound
Change (pressure, level, temperature)
LIQUIDS
Maj Sig Min Maj
GAS
Sig Min Maj
2-PHASE
Sig Min
TOTAL 975 102 26 138 10 16
10 0 2 0 0 0 12
222 2 8 8 0 1 241 583
298 5 3 24 0 0 330
22 4 6 5 0 3 40
220 69 4 70 7 4 374 551
88 15 1 28 3 2 137
17 1 0 0 0 2 20
79 6 2 2 0 4 93 133
19 0 0 1 0 0 20
Smell Hand-held Detection ROV TOTALS GRAND TOTALS

Notes: 1. 2.
1267
Data for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01 More than one type of detection may occur in relation to any one incident
92
Table 10 : EMERGENCY ACTIONS versus RELEASE TYPE & SEVERITY

TYPE OF ACTION AUTO SHUTDOWN MANUAL NONE AUTO BLOWDOWN MANUAL NONE AUTO DELUGE MANUAL NONE AUTO CO2/HALON MANUAL NONE AT STATIONS MUSTER AT LIFEBOATS NONE OTHER ACTION YES TAKEN NO TOTALS
Notes : 1. 2. Data for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01 There may be more than one type of action taken in relation to any one incident
LIQUIDS Maj Sig 1 35 8 149 5 117 1 14 2 33 11 254 0 0 0 2 14 299 0 5 0 7 14 289 2 49 0 2 12 250 5 155 9 146 14 301
Min 51 205 166 23 36 363 6 1 415 9 12 401 57 5 360 218 204 422
HYDROCARBON TYPE GAS Maj Sig Min 35 168 84 37 330 109 27 241 119 21 135 41 29 174 50 49 430 221 4 16 2 4 2 0 91 721 310 0 7 1 1 4 5 98 728 306 38 217 106 3 19 9 58 503 197 42 294 126 57 445 186 99 739 312
Maj 7 15 8 4 7 19 0 3 27 0 0 30 15 0 15 14 16 30
2-PHASE Sig 22 80 31 15 37 81 1 0 132 1 0 132 36 2 95 51 82 133
TOTALS Min 1 18 2 1 6 14 0 0 21 0 0 21 0 0 21 7 14 21 404 951 716 255 374 1442 29 12 2030 23 29 2019 520 40 1511 912 1159 2071
93
Table 11 : CAUSATION & OPERATING MODE versus RELEASE TYPE & SEVERITY
CAUSATION FACTORS HYDROCARBON TYPE & SEVERITY LIQUIDS GAS 2-PHASE Maj Sig Min Maj Sig Min Maj Sig 2 45 61 24 126 36 3 21 0 47 80 5 61 38 9 34 6 139 191 48 343 112 13 56 2 12 11 2 35 9 0 4 1 10 17 4 32 14 1 9 0 26 60 17 115 31 5 10 5 85 96 27 168 76 7 28 1 2 2 0 3 1 7 30 12 36 51 4 9 34 10 38 53 4 2 15 3 17 17 2 6 83 36 90 123 16 6 57 9 32 49 5 3 0 1 3 1 1 2 16 6 13 25 1 TOTALS Min 3 3 12 1 1 3 3 0 0 2 2 1 0
DESIGN FAULT EQUIPMENT FAULT

CORROSION/EROSION MECHANICAL DEFECT MATERIAL DEFECT OTHER EQUIPMENT INCORRECTLY FITTED IMPROPER OPERATION DROPPED OBJECT/OTHER IMPACT LEFT OPEN/OPENED WITH HC OTHER OPERATIONAL
OPERATIONAL FAULT
321 277 920 76 89 267 495 36 237 81 231 323 34
1362
1116
PROCEDURAL FAULT
NON-COMPLIANCE PROC / PTW DEFICIENT PROCEDURE OTHER PROCEDURAL
588
OPERATING MODE IN AREA AT TIME OF INCIDENT

DRILLING/WELL OPERATION NORMAL PRODUCTION SHUTDOWN/BLOWDOWN PIGGING/ FLUSHING/CLEANING/INSPECTION MAINTENANCE/CONSTRUCTION TESTING/SAMPLING REINSTATEMENT/START-UP
TOTAL No. OF RELEASES
5 6 1 1 0 0 1 14
25 150 25 10 30 14 47 301
18 237 16 10 43 21 77 422
7 50 10 4 11 2 15 99
70 353 58 32 65 14 147 739
44 107 15 18 44 13 71 312
5 15 3 1 1 2 3 30
21 76 7 4 6 6 13 133
2 16 0 1 1 1 0 21
197 1010 135 81 201 73 374 2071
2071
Notes: 1. Data for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01 2. There may be several causation factors contributing to any one incident
94
5.0
FIGURES
CONTENTS
Figure 1.
Pie-chart : Breakdown by hydrocarbon type, all incidents
2.
Line graph : Monthly reporting frequency, Oct. 92 to Mar. 2001
3.
Severity analysis : all releases
4.
Line graph : Severity analysis, gas releases
5.
Line graph : Severity analysis , liquid releases
6.
Line graph : Severity analysis , 2 -phase releases
7.
Bar graph : Highest 15 system failure rates
8.
Bar graph : Highest 15 equipment failure rates
95
2-Phase 8.9%
184 239
Non Process 11.5%

347
Oil 16.8% Condensate 7.3%
1150
151
Gas 55.5%
1. Total number of releases = 2071 2. Figures for the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-01
Figure 1 : BREAKDOWN BY HYDROCARBON TYPE
96
Figure 2 : TRENDS IN REPORTING OCT 1992 TO MAR 2001

Monthly Figures 50 40 No.of Releases 30 20 10 0
O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M
Month
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
1. 2.
Reported releases for the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-01 = 2071 Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly average for 1992/93 = 14 average for 1993/94 = 23 average for 1994/95 = 27 average for 1995/96 = 18 average for 1996/97 = 19 average for 1997/98 = 18 average for 1998/99 = 20 average for 1999/00 = 20 average for 2000/01 = 23 (81 in total) (271 in total) (325 in total) (212 in total) (226 in total) (218 in total) (234 in total) (234 in total) (270 in total) October 1992 August 1993 October 1994 October 1995 April 1996 October 1996 November 1996 December 1999 December 2001 Database Start-up Guidance Issued First Outputs Report Issued Second Outputs Report Issued RIDDOR Offshore Third Outputs Report Issued Revised Guidance Issued Fourth Outputs Report Issue Fifth Outputs Report Issued
97
ALL
SEVERITY MAJOR SIGNIFICANT MINOR TOTAL
92/93 12 50 19 81
93/94 24 150 97 271
94/95 20 194 111 325
95/96 20 134 58 212
96/97 19 129 78 226
97/98 13 139 66 218
98/99 15 134 85 234
99/00 12 126 96 234
00/01 8 117 145 270
Severity Analysis Figure 3 : All Offshore Hydrocarbon Releases

250 MAJOR 200 SIGNIFICANT MINOR 150
No. of Releases
100
50
0 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01
Year
Start-up of Database on 01-10-1992 1. 1992/93 covers the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-93 only 2. Total number of releases reported to 31-03-01 = 2071
98
GAS
92/93 9 34 10 53
93/94 16 96 41 153
94/95 16 132 51 199
95/96 12 86 24 122
96/97 14 74 20 108
97/98 6 79 29 114
98/99 8 85 31 124
99/00 11 79 46 136
00/01 7 74 60 141
Severity Analysis Figure 4 : Gas Releases

150 MAJOR SIGNIFICANT
No. of Releases
100
MINOR
50
0 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01
Year
Start-up of Database on 01-10-1992 1. 1992/93 covers the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-93 only 2. Total number of gas releases reported to 31-03-01 = 1150
99
LIQUIDS
92/93 1 12 9 22
93/94 4 32 53 89
94/95 1 53 56 110
95/96 2 30 34 66
96/97 3 40 54 97
97/98 1 40 37 78
98/99 2 31 53 86
99/00 0 35 47 82
00/01 0 28 79 107
Severity Analysis Figure 5 : Liquid Releases (Oil, Condensate, etc.)

90 MAJOR 80 70 SIGNIFICANT MINOR
No. of Releases
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99
99/00
00/01
Year
Start-up of Database on 01-10-1992 1. 1992/93 covers the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-93 only 2. Total number of liquid releases reported to 31-03-01 = 737 100
2-PHASE
92/93 2 4 0 6
93/94 4 22 3 29
94/95 3 9 4 16
95/96 6 18 0 24
96/97 2 15 4 21
97/98 6 20 0 26
98/99 5 18 1 24
99/00 1 12 3 16
00/01 1 15 6 22
Severity Analysis Figure 6 : 2-Phase Releases

25 MAJOR 20 SIGNIFICANT MINOR 15
No. of Releases
10
0 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01
Year
Start-up of Database on 01-10-1992 1. 1992/93 covers the period 01-10-92 to 31-03-93 only 2. Total number of 2-Phase releases reported to 31-03-01 = 184
101
Figure 7 : SYSTEM FAILURE RATES (leaks/system year)
1. 2. 3.
Failure Rates shown for top 15 out of 52 system types. Figures for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the failure rate for subsea gas injection well As this calculation is based on a very small equipment population.
102
Figure 8 : EQUIPMENT FAILURE RATES (leaks/equipment year)
1. 2.
Failure Rates shown for top 15 out of 119 equipment types. Figures for the period 1-10-92 to 31-03-01.
103
104
APPENDIX 1 OSD PROCESS INTEGRITY INITIATIVE
As indicated in the executive summary and elsewhere in this report, OSD has undertaken an initiative to deal with Process Integrity concerns as a result of the reporting plateau (see earlier comments) shown by recent offshore hydrocarbon release statistics, and by trends identified from these statistics.
The initiative is aimed at increasing the awareness of the current unsatisfactory situation, to identify root causes to bring greater emphasis on the necessity to reduce offshore hydrocarbon releases, and to influence those people in the best position to bring that about.
The Process Integrity initiative has three strands:
1)
OSD has investigated all RIDDOR reportable hydrocarbon releases which
occurred during the planning year to 31 March 2001, which included offshore visits by Inspectors for all major and some significant releases. The results of this work are documented in offshore technology report OTO 2001/055 - OSD Hydrocarbon Release Reduction Campaign - Report on the hydrocarbon release incident investigation project 01/04/2000 to 31/03/2001.
2)
Process integrity inspections of all manned production installations, will be
phased in over a three year period, i.e. 2000 to 2003.
3)
Regular joint HSE/Industry Workshops on hydrocarbon releases will be held,
at least annually, and the first two of these were held on 9 November 2000 at Ardoe House near Aberdeen, and on 7 November 2001 at Brittannia Hotel, Aberdeen. Proceedings for these seminars are available from UKOOA .
105
106
APPENDIX 2 SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION
As indicated in the introduction to this report, there have been discussions with the offshore industry on a classification system for hydrocarbon releases. The consensus reached is that all reported releases can be classified as minor, significant or major by applying agreed definitions and provisional classification criteria. DEFINITIONS : The definitions were agreed as follows :
MAJOR :
"Potential to quickly impact outwith the local area, e.g. affect the
Temporary Refuge (TR), escape routes, escalate to other areas of the installation, causing serious injury or fatalities."
A major leak, if ignited, would be likely to cause a "major accident", i.e. it would be of a size capable of causing multiple casualties or rapid escalation affecting TR, escape routes, etc.
SIGNIFICANT :
"Potential to cause serious injury or fatality to personnel within
the local area and to escalate within that local area, e.g. by causing structural damage, secondary leaks or damage to safety systems."
A significant leak, if ignited, might have the potential to cause an event severe enough to be viewed as a "major accident" or be of a size leading to significant escalation within the immediate area or module.
MINOR :
"Potential to cause serious injury to personnel in the immediate vicinity,
but no potential to escalate or cause multiple fatalities."
A minor leak, even if ignited, would not be expected to result in a multiple fatality event or significant escalation, but could cause serious injuries or a fatality local to the leak site or within that module only. 107
Any offshore hydrocarbon release reportable under RIDDOR 95 can be classified under one of the above definitions, using criteria reported on the OIR/12 form. It was also decided to group all releases of hydrocarbon liquid under one category of "liquids", since oil, condensate, and non-process liquids (diesel, helifuel, glycol, etc.) share the common characteristics of flammable fluids. CRITERIA
The simplest criteria for classification is to use inventory released. This can be further refined by taking into account hole size and duration, pressure, congestion factors a nd a variety of other mitigation factors. At the time of preparation of this report, the preferred criteria were based on quantity released, release rate and duration. It should be noted, however, that discussions with industry on further refinement of the criteria are still ongoing. (See Implementation at the end of this Appendix.)
MAJOR :
(i) Gas Releases : EITHER OR [Quantity released > 300 kg] [Mass release rate>1kg/s AND Duration >5 mins]
This could result in a jet fire of over 10 metres length (>1kg/s) capable of causing significant escalation after 5 minutes duration, or a flash fire/explosion on reaching LFL. Where 300 kg equates to approx. 3000 m3 explosive cloud at NTP, enough to fill an entire module or deck area, and to cause serious escalation if ignited.
108
(ii) Liquid Releases (Oil/Condensate/Non-process) : EITHER OR [Quantity released > 9,000 kg] [Mass release rate>10kg/s AND Duration >15 mins]
This could result in a pool fire over 10 metres in diameter (>10kg/s) filling a module or cutting off a deck, hi ndering escape and affecting more than one person directly if lasting for over 15 minutes duration.
(iii) 2-Phase Releases : EITHER OR [Quantity of liquids released > 300 kg] [Liquids mass release rate>1kg/s AND Duration >5 mins]
Combinations of the major gas and liquids scenarios described above are possible, depending on the gas to oil ratio (GOR) involved.
MINOR :
(i) Gas Releases : EITHER OR [Quantity released < 1 kg] [Mass release rate <0.1 kg/s AND Duration < 2 mins]
This could result in a jet fire of less than 5 metres length (< 0.1 kg/s) which is unstable (< 2 mins duration) and therefore unlikely to cause significant escalation , or a flash fire/explosion on reaching LFL. Where <1 kg equates to <10 m3 explosive cloud at NTP, probably insufficient to cause a significant hazard if ignited.
(ii) Liquid Releases (Oil/Condensate/Non-process) : EITHER OR [Quantity released < 60 kgs] [Mass release rate <0.2 kg/s AND Duration < 5 mins]
This could result in a pool fire smaller than 2 metres in diameter (< 0.2 kg/s) unlikely to last long enough to hi nder escape (< 5 mins), but could cause serious injury to persons nearby.
109
(iii) 2-Phase Releases : EITHER OR [Quantity released < 1 kg] [Liquids release rate <0.1 kg/s AND Duration < 2 mins]
Combinations of the gas and liquids scenarios described above are possible, depending on GOR involved.
SIGNIFICANT : ( Those between major and minor.)
(i) Gas Releases : Capable of jet fires of 5 to 10 metres lasting for between 2 -5 minutes, or release rates between 0.1 to 1.0 kg/s lasting 2-5 minutes giving explosive clouds of between 10 and 3000 m3 in size.
(ii) Liquids Releases (Oil/Condensate/Non-process) : Pool fires between 2 and 10 metres in diameter, lasti ng for between 5 and 15 minutes.
(iii) 2-Phase Releases : Combinations of the gas and liquids scenarios described above are possible. IMPLEMENTATION
All current and future releases will be classified according to the above agreed criteria for the types of hydrocarbons involved, and the results used in HCR statistics reports.
Any further refinement of the criteria will be retrospectively applied, and the severities adjusted where necessary.
It is important to note, however, that those releases with a hole size labelled N/A are special cases where the release rate is not applicable to the mode of release (e.g. open topped vessels such as shale shakers, or where carry-over of hydrocarbons from one system to another was involved). All such releases were classified by inspection of the amount released only. 110
HYDROCARBON RELEASE STATISTICS, 2001 QUESTIONNAIRE

To help improve the quality of offshore data dissemination, would you please answer the following questions on the hydrocarbon release statistics contained in this report: 1. What is your connection with the UK Offshore Oil and Gas Industry? Oil Company management Service Company management Industry Assoc. Representative c c c Oil Company employee (Tick one box) c Academic Consultant Journalist c c c
Service Company employee c Trade Union c
Other (specify) _________________________________________ 2. Does this report satisfy your requirements with regard to Offshore Hydrocarbon releases? Completely c Poorly c More than 50% c Not at all c
3. Please indicate areas in which you think a change would be beneficial: * More / less discussion * More / less graphs c c * More / less tables c
* delete as necessary
* More / less analysis c (see Q4)
Any other details as required: ____________________________________________________________________ 4. It is planned to publish a separate analysis report on offshore hydrocarbon release. Would you like to receive such reports on an annual basis? Yes c No c
5. Would you be prepared to pay a nominal charge to cover production costs for future reports? Statistics Report Analysis Report Yes Yes c c No No c c
6. To what use do you put the hydrocarbon release statistics? Safety Case Development Reliability/Availability Health & Safety Management Please return completed form to: c c c Project Development Risk Assessment c c Ind. Relations Design c c
Other (specify) ___________________________________________ HSE, Hazardous Installations Directorate CD4C Data Management Room 201 Merton House Stanley Road Bootle L20 3DL
THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING THIS FORM
111

HSR2001

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

HSR2001

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON RELEASES STATISTICS, 2001

HID STATISTICS REPORT HSR 2001 002

Date of Issue: January 2002

Health & Safety Executive

(See separate section index)

(See separate section index)

105 107 111

Non-process hydrocarbon liquids include diesel, helifuel, lubricants, methanol, etc.

Revised in Nov 96 to encompass RIDDOR 95 Revised Guidance on Reporting Offshore

compression system leak rates shown above.

Installation type/location versus release type and severity

There have been no reported 2-phase ignitions to date.

Emergency actions versus release type & severity

TABLES CONTENTS (All single page tables unless noted otherwise)

System failure rates and severity / hole size distribution (9 pages)

Drilling and Well operations, severity / hole size distribution (7 Pages)

Ignitions : details (3 tables of 5, 6 and 5 pages, plus 1 page of notes)

Means of detection : summary

Means of detection : other

Emergency actions versus release type & severity

Causation & operating mode versus release type & severity

TABLE 1 : SYSTEM FAILURE RATES & SEVERITY / HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

0 1 0 1 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.00

6 0 1 7 0.88 20 2 3 25 0.61 21 3 5 29 0.52 9 0 0 9 0.75 6 0 1 7 0.50 26 3 4 33 0.65

0 0 0 0 0.00 5 4 5 14 0.34 15 4 8 27 0.48 2 0 0 2 0.17 4 1 2 7 0.50 10 1 0 11 0.22

6 1 1 8 27 6 8 41 36 7 13 56 12 0 0 12 10 1 3 14 43 4 4 51 3.12E-02 9.46E-02 1.05E-02 2.89E-02 2.32E-02 5.24E-03

3 0 1 4 0.50 8 4 7 19 0.46 19 5 7 31 0.55 0 0 0 0 0.00 8 1 3 12 0.86 31 4 4 39 0.76

1 1 0 2 0.25 3 1 1 5 0.12 7 1 4 12 0.21 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.14 7 0 0 7 0.14

0 0 0 0 0.00 3 0 0 3 0.07 3 1 1 5 0.09 3 0 0 3 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02

1 0 0 1 0.13 1 0 0 1 0.02 3 0 0 3 0.05 5 0 0 5 0.42 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.04

0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02

1 0 0 1 0.13 8 0 0 8 0.20 3 0 1 4 0.07 2 0 0 2 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.02

0 0 0 0 0.00 4 1 0 5 0.12 0 0 0 0 0.00 2 0 0 2 0.17 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

1 0 0 1 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.00 7 0 0 7 0.14

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

TABLE 1 : SYSTEM FAILURE RATES & SEVERITY / HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

687 119 119 925 676 120 121 917

47 4 6 57 0.43 11 2 4 17 0.53 7 4 0 11 0.69 43 8 5 56 0.67 38 3 8 49 0.52 1 0 0 1 0.33

52 5 15 72 0.54 10 0 2 12 0.38 2 0 0 2 0.13 6 2 2 10 0.12 25 5 7 37 0.39 1 0 0 1 0.33

103 9 21 133 23 3 6 32 11 5 0 16 63 14 7 84 69 9 16 94 3 0 0 3 4.68E-04 1.23E-02 1.05E-02 1.56E-02 3.49E-02 1.44E-01

74 8 18 100 0.75 9 1 5 15 0.47 2 0 0 2 0.13 54 10 5 69 0.82 63 8 15 86 0.91 2 0 0 2 0.67

14 1 2 17 0.13 2 1 1 4 0.13 0 0 0 0 0.00 6 4 2 12 0.14 0 1 1 2 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00

3 0 0 3 0.02 4 0 0 4 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.13 2 0 0 2 0.02 2 0 0 2 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.00

0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.03 2 2 0 4 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0 0 1 0.33

2 0 0 2 0.02 1 1 0 2 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00

7 0 0 7 0.05 1 0 0 1 0.03 2 1 0 3 0.19 1 0 0 1 0.01 4 0 0 4 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.00

3 0 1 4 0.03 5 0 0 5 0.16 3 2 0 5 0.31 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

2 1 0 3 0.19 14 4 0 18 0.21 6 1 1 8 0.09

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

< DISTRIBUTION >

4885 763 763 6411

< DISTRIBUTION >

TABLE 1 : SYSTEM FAILURE RATES & SEVERITY / HOLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

835 141 145 1121

172 37 26 235 0.70 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 13 0.59 13 2 0 15 0.60 13 1 0 14 0.64 17 5 1 23 0.66