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Executive Summary It can be noticed that the environmental pollution and negative impact to the natural resources have been increased during past centuries due to rapid development of industry. As a result, various types of natural disasters are occurring such as flood, increase of global temperature, damage to ozone layer...Etc. Therefore, the existing and upcoming industrial projects should be monitored for determine the impact to the environment due to their production process. That is done by the organisations such as USGBC, GBCSL etc

The basic aim of this report is to detail the requirements of obtaining the Green project certificate under above mentioned organisations. I have detailed what need to be concerned to achieve the platinum rating of above certifications. It is required to score the highest marks in each measuring aspects to reach the platinum level.

It was identified, use of 100% bio gas for the operation, minimum disturbance to the existing ecology, waste water & solid management and maintaining a completely hygienic environment as the key controls which a green project must follow to reach the required credits. Therefore in the core of this report, you will find how to have such control measures in deeply.

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Table of Content 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Requirements to achieve the Certification ................................................................................. 3 3.0 Sustainable design and protection of existing Ecology .............................................................. 4 4.0 Sustainable Energy production and efficient Consumption ....................................................... 6 4.1 Biogas Energy and Green process ....................................................................................... 6 4.2 Energy saving methods ....................................................................................................... 7 5.0 Waste water management........................................................................................................... 8 6.0 Waste Solid management ........................................................................................................... 8 7.0 Management and Administration ............................................................................................... 9 8.0 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 10 9.0 References ................................................................................................................................ 10

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1.0 Introduction

Today, we can see number of project is being executed all over the world aiming the development. As per Nielsen (2009 p1), a Green project can be identified as where the project is environmental friendly by virtue of their ability to reduce pollution, reduce fossil fuel consumption, or some other positive effect on the environment. In order to appreciate and admire the valuable effort in establishing a Green projects, today there are organizations across the world such as US Green building Council (USGBC) in United Kingdom, Green Building Council of Sri Lanka (GBCSL), and GREEN STAR in Australia etc. Both USGBC and GBCSL are nonprofit organizations which monitoring and promoting the new projects in sustainable way. LEED Certification Policy Manual Report (2009, p6) indicates that LEED is a voluntary consensus-based standard developed and maintained by USGBC, Through LEED, USGBC has established a set of criteria designed to quantitatively measure and evaluate the environmental impact of a building or neighborhood development including aspects of location, design, construction, and operation. This rating system is provided for many areas such as new construction, existing buildings, homes, commercial interiorsEtc.

GBCSL is also similar identical body to USGBC, operating at local level and it was established in 2009. They offer Green SL certification method to. They also offer provide Green SL certification to encourage the concepts of Green projects and Green buildings based on certain criterias regarding the level of impact to the environment.

2.0 Requirements to achieve the Certification

As M/s Southern Green Fruit Products (Company name was assumed) is planning to obtain platinum rating of both LEED and GBCSL, all the activities from the project design stage to operation stage and also during maintenance stage should be carried out in environment friendly manner achieving the required credits. According to the report of GREENSL RATING SYSTEM
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FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT (2010), the following are the main aspects and allocated score points in each aspect to be considered in obtaining GREEN SL certification.

According to report of GREENSL RATING SYSTEM FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT (2010, p28) following are the different levels of achievements and the required credit amount to achieve each stage in Green SL certification.

Further the above report (p 32) says, GBCSL is following the similar evaluation criteria and process which follows by USGBC in awarding LEED certification.

3.0 Sustainable design and protection of existing Ecology A Green design is the primary starting point of the way of getting awarded of ECO friendly environmental certifications such as LEED and GREENSL. The selection sustainable site is more
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important in order to make the eco friendly condition with a minimum effort. Refer to the following map (Google map, 2012) of the project location; the lands boundaries are part of the Southern Express way (E01), main road from weligama to E01 and Polwatta River. This shows the availability of efficient project access from the main highways which shall be useful in delivering the materials and juice products during construction period and factory operational stage.

Proposed Land

Source: Google Maps, 2012

Landscaping shall be carried out minimising the soil erosion. Wherever, it can be identified the sign of soil erosion during rainy season, precaution shall be taken by making rubble walls in staggered pattern. Rather than levelling the total land area, it should consider the use of existing topography in an effective way minimise the cutting of existing trees. While designing the project, care should be taken not to disturb the existing ecology. WILLIAMS (2000) states that Urban ecology strives to create, preserve and restore green and open spaces sustainably. The use of polythene and associated products shall be minimised as much as possible in this project.

In the selection of process machinery and equipments, priority shall be given to those which operate with low sound level. The noise level should not exceed the parameters set by
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Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards. It shall be required to install a HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) central AC system with chilled water.

Ventilation is another important factor to be considered. As the land is facing a river bank, it can be utilised the natural air circulation. In the designing of the factory buildings and administration building, windows, skylight, open spaces can be placed as much as possible to increase the circulation of natural air. Also, the roof shall be insulated with eco-friendly insulation materials such as wool to be safe from ultraviolet light and thermal stress.

4.0 Sustainable Energy production and efficient Consumption

Production of energy is one of the main concern thinking about a green project. Considering the Fruit juice industry, Energy shall be required to run the machineries, heating, cooling, street lighting, ventilation...Etc. All the usual energy production ways with consumption of fossil fuel, nuclear material, nuclear gases and coal are currently polluting the environment by releasing toxic gases as by products of at the end of their energy production.

Therefore, for all those process, the energy should be generated in environment friendly way making a minimum effort to the environment. As per Sheridan and Bedrosian (2009)Examples of these environmentally friendly energy sources include the use of several renewable such as bio fuels, biomass, wood- burning, and geothermal, hydro, solar, tidal, wave, and wind power generation. But you are planning to obtain platinum grating of LEED, usage of hydro water should be kept at a minimum level. Even it makes a minimum level of pollution to the environment compared to burning coal, the natural ecology [plant and animal] may lose their lives or misplaces due to making larger dams[Is hydro Electricity green?, 2009, p7].Therefore, By using more hydro electricity, we are indirectly supporting for construction of more dams, hence destroy the natural ecology. Therefore, we propose to use a 100% biogas energy method for all operational processes. 4.1 Biogas Energy and Green process

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This is the most environment friendly way of producing energy for process activities. The raw materials to produce biogas are the raw organic residue such as raw sewage, manure and other such resources. These materials shall be easily collected from the local premises itself. As the project is to make a fruit juice manufacturing factory, fruit plants shall be grown over an area of approximately 10 acres. Therefore a considerable quantity of tree parts which falling off from trees can be collected during daily cleaning processes. The neighbourhood villagers and companies who are living /operating closely to the factory are encouraged to collect their residual waste by arranging few of seminars at the initial stage. Also, transportation shall be arranged to collect all those dispose from villagers and other companies to the factory. The same way, raw sewage also can be collected and stock at the factory for biogas production.

The process of producing biogas is anaerobic digestion (AD) of the above collected organic residual waste. As per Buysman (2009), Ddigester is a technology of converting organic waste in a controlled anaerobic environment to biogas. A solar power generating system shall be established to feed the required energy in producing biogas energy. As utilizing biogas energy, the general health issues shall be minimized due to disposal of sanitary wastes and water pollution shall be minimised due to disposal of industrial wastes [Marchaim, 1992]. At the end of biogas production, slurry shall be remained and that will be used as a fertilizer to fruit plants. 4.2 Energy saving methods Energy shall be used in sustainable way while reducing the usage as much as possible. Whenever not required, electric bulbs shall be switched off and control the usage of electric equipments in a sustainable way. At the procurement stage, priority shall be given to equipments and machineries which provide more productivity with less energy consumption. It shall be used environment friendly products such as Compact florescent bulbs (CFL) or Light Emitting Diodes (LED) wherever required. LED bulbs are one of the greenest bulbs, in which 80-90% percent of their energy is used for emitting light, lasting for upwards of 100,000 hours [Sheridan and Bedrosian, 2009, p12]. Further, number of day light areas shall be increased and allow receiving direct sun light where as possible to reduce the energy consumption.
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5.0 Waste water management

Waste Water (WW) shall be explained as any type of water that has been used for any type of activities and negatively impacts the quality of the water. In this project, WW can be discharged from office buildings, manufacturing plants, plants watering, wash and bathing rooms etc. All these WW should have to re-use the after making some sort of treatments in order to maintain a green project environment. Specially as site is facing a river bank, care must be taken river water shall not be added any WW and not get contaminated. So, an ecological well designed WW management system shall be established. This WW can be basically utilized in watering the plants. When operating a conventional waste water treatment plant, energy consumption shall be much more. Therefore, other than that it can be utilised more eco friendly treatment methods such as Septic Tank systems, Trickling filters method, Rotating Biological Contactors, RBC, BioDisk, Reed beds method...Etc. Also living machines technology which is proved a high efficiency in energy consumption can be utilized to treat the waste water. In report of Ecological Wastewater Management (Grant and Morgan, 1999), it says The Living Machine is a wastewater treatment concept invented by Dr John Todd of Living Technologies and typically they utilise a large anaerobic stage, wetlands, aquaculture, and floating macrophytes combined with mechanical aeration in a system housed in a greenhouse. Also it was being popular in UK as an eco friendly waste water system.

As the total fruit cultivation is spread over 10 acres, some of selected area which is depending on the type of fruit plants and the topography of the natural ground surface , can be arranged as constructed wetlands by utilizing reed bed treatment systems in waste water management. Also as the site location is facing a river bank, the water level table shall be in a lower depth and applicability of this system is much more important. This method is receiving increasing the world wide attention for WW treatment and recycling due to various effective reasons (Shrestha 2008)

6.0 Waste Solid management

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Solid waste can be explained as anything we are going to through away at the end of day to day activities. Examples of solid waste are garbage, waste material, paper, food, etc In order to maintain a green environment and obtain LEED certification, this solid waste should be properly managed in the way of they will not make any impact on the natural resources and environment. As the size of the project being bigger, there will be more activities, more involvement of manpower and machinery; hence at the end we will get more solid waste. Especially during the construction stage of the project, more material waste shall be identified. All these solid waste shall be collected and stocked separately. Most of the organic solid waste can be utilized as the raw materials in bio gas production system. Also, the same can be used to manufacture organic fertilizers for fruit plants and accordingly minimize the use of chemical fertilizers.

7.0 Management and Administration Management plays an important active role in the process of getting GREEN awards and keep maintaining the green environment. Therefore, the selected management crew should be well oriented on working with Ecol friendly environment, probably accredited personnel from environmental management organisations. The service of a qualified and accredited team leader, probably a QHSE (Quality Health Safety and Environment) manager and staff crew are required to monitor all the activities from the design stage itself. They have to make sure a hygienic environment is maintained throughout the project.

The team leader has to arrange some awareness programmes in order to aware the villagers regarding the upcoming green project in their village. All the recruiting labors for plantation work should be given an induction lectures on how to work Eco friendly manner. The indoor space of utilities and office administrative buildings shall be properly managed and keep maintaining a comfortable condition. In the presentation of Aye and Fuller (2009) [pointed out by McMullan 2007], the identified comport conditions as follows.

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Printing of images and documents shall be taken where it is absolutely required only and recycle the ink cartridges. Office disposal shall be carried out in Eco friendly manner. I propose to award a present on monthly basis for the best Green worker to encourage the Eco friend behaviour of the staff and labours.

All the bathrooms and sanitation facilities for office buildings and factory buildings shall be up to the required quality and hygiene standards.

8.0 Conclusion and Recommendations

Technology is being massively developed day by day. Researchers are being conducted to find out new techniques, new methodologies and law cost materials of manufacturing the products. Designers are adopting this upcoming new technology to increase the production and be more competitive in the market among the other suppliers and manufacturers. But the most important thing to consider is the natural resources are limited, and the negative impact to environment and human being is being increased during last centuries. Therefore we have to produce and consume the goods in an eco friendly manner while protecting the existing environment and ecology. The certifications such as LEED, GREEN SL shall be easily achievable by introducing a green design & production system as described throughout the report and achieving the required credit limits. But the most concern is to keep maintaining a green environment everywhere as possible. That is one of the main duties of all human beings who live on this earth. Further to LEED and GREEN SL, I recommend obtaining a certification in effective Environmental Management System such as ISO 14001.

9.0 References AYE, Lu and FULLER, Bob (2009). Practical Aspects of Energy Conservation in Buildings, Colombo, Melbourne School of Engineering BUYSMAN, Eric (2009). Anaerobic Digestion for Developing Countries with Cold Climates: Utilizing solar heat to address technical challenges and facilitating dissemination through the use of carbon finance. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, sub department Environmental Technology Wageningen, University of Wagenigen
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GRANT, Nick and MORGAN, Chris (1999). Ecological Wastewater Management: Challenging Assumptions and Developing Contextual Design Solution, CIBSE National Conference Green Building Certification Institute (2009). LEED Certification Policy Manual:For Projects Registered Under LEED for Neighborhood Development Green Building Council Sri Lanka (2010). GREENSL Rating System for Built Environment, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka International Technology Education Association (2009). Resources in Technology Energy Perspective: Is Hydroelectricity Green?, Volume 68, MARCHAIM, Uri (1992). Biogas processes for sustainable development, Israel, MIGAL Galilee Technological Centre Kiryat Shmona SHERIDAN, Eric and BEDROSIAN, Katie (2009). Green Process Design & Cost Benefit Analysis: A Major Qualifying Project Report, the Worcester Polytechnic Institute SHRESTHA ,Krishna, Lal (2008). Decentralised wastewater management using constructed wetlands in Nepal, Nepal, Environment and Public Health Organisation TELE Atlas (2009) Burslem. Google Maps [online]. [Accessed 19 July 2009], Available at: http://maps.google.co.uk WILLIAMS, Ronald A. (2000). Environmental Planning for Sustainable Urban Development, Spain, Port of Spain Websites http://www.concretethinker.com/solutions/LEED-Certification.aspx http://srilankagbc.org/about.html http://www.greenexamacademy.com/what-are-the-eligibility-requirements-to-take-the-leedgreen-associate-exam/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Green_Building_Council

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