STI Clarifications: Not all STIs are sexually transmitted BV Not all gynecological difficulties are STI Not

Not all non-STIs are uncomplicated sexual activity Yeast infections Review Questions: iClicker Question: The majority of STIs are less symptomatic in men than women F iClicker Question: which statement is true Most bacterial infections can be cured HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) Most commonly transmitted infection cause: Virus; more than 40 viral strains can affect genital area Transmission: genital contact Most people dont know they have HPV; in 90% of the cases it is cleared within 2 years; genital warts HPV that doesn't clear up, the main concern is cervical cancers, vulva, vaginal, penile and anal cancers strains that cause warts are different from the ones that cause cancers 20 m. americans have HPV; 6m + will become infected each year. of all sexually active people get it at least once 1% of all sexually active people have genital warts No HPV test for men; screening for cervical cancer in women. No cure for HPV Menstrual Cycle if you understand how it works, you understand: How female bodies works Cycle-related health issues How contraception works 3 major activities in cycle hormonal levels ovaries (ovarian cycle) uterus (endometrial cycle) Hormonal Level: Four main: FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone Ovarian Main event: development of follicles in the ovaries Main Hormonal three phases: follicular in response to increasing GnRH the pituitary gland secretes relatively high levels of FSH and LH FSH stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries FSH signals one follicle to bring an egg to the final stage of maturity (mature Graafian follicle secretes high amounts of estrogen estrogen increase leads to Neg feeback FSH; positive feedback LH ovulatory lasts for 16-32 hours main event release egg main hormone is LH prior to a surge in LH mature follicle bursts open and releases egg. Luteal follicle becomes Corpus Luteum who releases progesterone increase in progesterone, decrease of FSH & LH main event: avoid another ovulation Endometrial

 to prepare the lining for the possible fertilization estrogen & progesterone 3 phases: menstrual proliferation progestational/secretory Menstrual menstruation low levels of estrogen and progesterone rich endometrium is sloughed off and exits through the cervix and vagina 4 TBSP Proliferation build up endometrium after menstruation rise in estrogen stimulates endometrium to grow and thicken progestational possible implation of zygote high levels of progesterone prevents another menstruation from occuring

Endometrium The ovarian cycle and endometrial cycle occur simultaneously True The boss gland in the menstrual cycle is --- and the messenger is - hypothamalmus and GnHr the menstrual cycle includes everything but surges in progestrone during ovulation phase things other than progesterone (lutenizing hormone) are spiking. Progesterone isn't seen until right before menstruation and was triggered by Corpus Luteum All of the following are true except Estrogen & Progesterone affect the ovarian while FSH and LH endometrial cycle. Bracketing feeling so because it's around menstruation reporting of symptoms changes over time men's hormonal changes are never discussed culturally valuedRea

Sexually Transmitted Infections Introduction difference between STI/STD STI has broader meaning. Infection can be without symptoms. Disease has symptoms, less stigmatizing to use infection HIV & AIDS HIV asymptomatic infection, AIDS is full-blown resultant of HIV Not all gynecological difficulties are STIs ex: Yeast Infections Vaginitis umbrella term that may include both STIs and non-STIs. Inflammation and infection of the vagina Candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, Trichamonosis STIs and STDs are tremendously stigmatized Harkens back to VD reflects cultural discomfort with sexuality, especially female sexuality Men are not portrayed as disease STIs are caused by a variety of organisms bacteria (BV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea) viral (Hep, Herpes, HIV) Spirochetes (Syphilis) parasites (trichomoniasis) Gender in STIs Why are STIs are pertinent to women's health? Asymptomatic harder to recognize and treat. STIs can affect internal organs moreso than men (ex. Abdominal pain, infertitlity) Fimbria allows for opening from the fallopian tube into the gut STIs can affect pregnancy and newborn health Women may be more vulnerable to certain STIs Gendered aspects in HIV Physiological issues: structure of vagina and cervix women are 2x as likely to contract via PV intercourse mucus membrane Epidemiological issues: younger women often partner with older male partners Women tend to have less control over when and how sex takes place. Women are expected to get men to use condoms assumption that men don't like wearing condoms, but we assume the pleasure aspects of condoms Sexually Transmitted Infections BV What is it? normal balance of bacteria is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth cause: bacterial (poorly understood) Symptoms: asymptomatic abnormal discharge with an unpleasant odor fish like after intercourse. Thin white/gray discharge Other concerns increase susceptibility to HIV and other STIs preterm delievery in increase infection rates post op. Trends BV is the most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age Testing and Treatment: iClicker Question: What is the most common cause of candidiasis antibiotics

Contraception egg must be fertilized within 12/24 hours of its release. Active sperm, passive egg idea = false the placenta produces human chirionic gonadotropin hormone detected in pregnancy tests HGC to preserve corpus luteum and its progestrone production thereby maintaining lining throughout pregnancy, placenta lots of progestrone Contraception Hormonal methods w/estrogen inhibition of ovulation hormonal methods with progestin inhibition of ovulation, thickening of cervical mucus, inhibition of endometrium growth Oral contraception slight but significant increases in circulatory problems protective against PID irritability or depression decreased libido IUD small piece of plastic inserted into uterus risk of pelvic I d

Reproductive Justice complete physical, mental, spiritual,political, economic and social well-being of all women and girls when women have the resurces to make healthy decisions about their body, sexuality and reproduction. La Operacion Sterilization US is 1st country to have compulsory sterilization program 65k women sterilized in 33 states Reproductive health emphasizes the reproductive health services that women might need strategy: improve and expand services, research and accessibility Reproductive rights emphasizes universal legal protections for women and sees these protections as rights strategy: legal advocacy to help reproductive rights Reproductive Justice emphasizes reproductive oppression as a result of intersections of multiple oppressions connected to social justice struggle strategy: build systems of power to eradicated oppression Fertility 59% w / 47% m had some concerns 19% w / 14% m extremely concerned infertility inability to concieve and give birth/impregnate ~14% of all couples have experienced difficulty when fertile couples are trying to concieve %20 in first cycle 70% in first year infertile =/= sterile among couples with an identifiable cause of infertility: ~40% of cases are atrributed to women (PID, Ovulatory disorders, blockage, exporu ~40% are attributed to the men ~20% are both Stress infertility business