Commissioning Guide (V200R011C00 02)

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System V200R011C00
Commissioning Guide
Issue Date 02 2010-11-01
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China http://www.huawei.com support@huawei.com
Website: Email:
Issue 02 (2010-11-01)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide
About This Document
About This Document

Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document. Product Name OptiX OSN 3500 iManager U2000 LCT iManager U2000 Version V200R011C00 V100R002C01 V100R002C01
Intended Audience
The Commissioning Guide describes the entire process for commissioning the OptiX OSN 3500 equipment. This document covers the description of preparation before commissioning, methods and steps for each commissioning item. With the guidelines provided in this document, you can commission the OptiX OSN 3500 equipment. The intended audience of this document is Installation and Commissioning Engineer.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol Description
DANGER
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
WARNING
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About This Document
Symbol
Description
CAUTION
TIP
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
NOTE
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Boldface > Description Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK. Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Release 02 (2010-11-01) Based on Product Version V200R011C00

This document is the second release of V200R011C00. Compared with the previous release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l In topic "Configuring NE Commissioning Data", the description of "Configuring NE Power Consumption Management" is added. "Testing Packet Service Channels" is optimized.
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About This Document

This document is the first release of V200R011C00. Compared with the previous release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l l l l l l l l l l l l "Commissioning Tasks" is added. "Checking Alarms of a Single NE" is added. "Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces" is added. "Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network" is added. "Testing Cross-plane Services" is added. "Testing CES Services" is added. "Checking Networkwide Alarms" is added. "Configuring NE Commissioning Data" is optimized. "Configuring the Inband DCN" is optimized. "Testing the Clock Protection Switching" is optimized. "Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network" is optimized. "Testing Packet Service Channels" is optimized. "Testing Packet Ethernet Services" is optimized.

This document is the fourth release of V100R009C03. Compared with the third release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l "Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces" is optimized. Several bugs in this document of the previous version are fixed.

This document is the third release of V100R009C03. Compared with the second release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l l Associated screenshots and steps are added in the topic of Configuring the Inband DCN. The step about using an Ethenet cable tester to test the Ethernet cable is added in the topic of Testing Connection Between the Cables and the Service Interfaces. The description about how to perform an MPLS OAM test to test the Ethenet channel is added in the topic of Testing Ethernet Service Channels.
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About This Document

This document is the Second release of V100R009C03. Compared with the first release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l l "Setting the NE IP" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning". "Configuring the Inband DCN" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning". "Testing the MPLS APS Protection Switching" is added in "System Commissioning".

This document is the first release of V100R009C03. Compared with the V100R009C02 release, it adds or optimizes the following contents: l l "Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies" is added in "Per-NE Commissioning". "Testing Ethernet Service Channels by Using the MPLS OAM Function" is added in "System Commissioning".
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Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii 1 Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 General Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................................1-2 1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols..........................................................................................................................1-3 1.3 Electrical Safety..............................................................................................................................................1-4 1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas.....................................................................................................................1-7 1.5 Storage Batteries.............................................................................................................................................1-7 1.6 Radiation.........................................................................................................................................................1-9 1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers..................................................................................................................1-9 1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure....................................................................................................................1-11 1.6.3 Forbidden Areas...................................................................................................................................1-11 1.6.4 Laser.....................................................................................................................................................1-12 1.6.5 Microwave............................................................................................................................................1-12 1.7 Working at Heights.......................................................................................................................................1-13 1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects.......................................................................................................................1-13 1.7.2 Using Ladders......................................................................................................................................1-14 1.8 Mechanical Safety.........................................................................................................................................1-16 1.9 Other Precautions..........................................................................................................................................1-17
2 Preparations for Equipment Commissioning.......................................................................2-1

2.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and Tools...........................................................................................2-2 2.2 Reference Documents.....................................................................................................................................2-2 2.3 Network Design Information..........................................................................................................................2-3 2.4 Check Before Commissioning........................................................................................................................2-3 2.5 Requirements for the Commissioning Personnel............................................................................................2-4
3 Commissioning procedure.......................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet Mode....................................................................................................3-2 3.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM Mode......................................................................................................3-3 3.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid Mode....................................................................................................3-4
4 Per-NE Commissioning.............................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Connecting the PC...........................................................................................................................................4-3 4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT..................................................................................................................................4-4 4.2.1 Starting the PC.......................................................................................................................................4-4 Issue 02 (2010-11-01) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. vii
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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide 4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PC............................................................................................................4-5 4.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT Server.............................................................................................................4-6 4.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT Client..............................................................................................................4-6
4.3 Logging in to an NE........................................................................................................................................4-7 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data............................................................................................................4-9 4.4.1 Setting the NE ID...................................................................................................................................4-9 4.4.2 Configuring LSR ID.............................................................................................................................4-10 4.4.3 Setting the NE IP..................................................................................................................................4-10 4.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by Static MPLS Tunnels...................................4-11 4.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and Time.................................................................................................4-12 4.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE Commissioning.........................................................................4-13 4.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption Management............................................................................4-17 4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces...................................................4-18 4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces.............................................................................4-20 4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces.................................................................................................4-23 4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical Power.........................................................................................4-24 4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board....................................................4-26 4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching.............................................................................................................4-28 4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces.........................................................................................4-28 4.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and Timing Board..................................................4-31 4.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC Board...................................................................................4-33 4.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies.......................................................................................4-36 4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE..................................................................................................................4-37
5 System Commissioning............................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board...............................................................5-4 5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections..............................................................................................5-4 5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network............................................................................5-4 5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network................................................................................5-8 5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment.....................................................5-9 5.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment...............................5-10 5.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment Through a LAN...............5-12 5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN........................................................................................................................5-14 5.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a Port.............................................................................................5-15 5.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCN..................................................................5-15 5.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCN........................................................5-16 5.4.4 Setting the NMS Access Parameters....................................................................................................5-17 5.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing Table.......................................................................................................5-18 5.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCN.................................................................................5-19 5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network.........................................................................................................5-20 5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions............................................................................................5-22 5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM....................................................................................................5-22 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE...........................................................5-23 viii Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 02 (2010-11-01)
Contents
5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching........................................................................................................5-24 5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching............................................................................................5-24 5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching........................................................................5-25 5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching..............................................................................................5-27 5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching..............................................5-27 5.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching.............................................5-30 5.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection Switching...................................................................5-33 5.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection Switching............................................................................................5-35 5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network...............................................................5-37 5.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection Switching............................................................................5-37 5.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APS...............................................................................................................5-39 5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels....................................................................................................................5-41 5.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping Commands................................................................5-41 5.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAM ....................................................................................5-43 5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels................................................................................................................5-44 5.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM Function........................................................................5-44 5.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM Function.................................................................................5-47 5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services................................................................................................................5-48 5.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the Ping Commands........................................5-48 5.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETH-OAM......................................................5-50 5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services...................................................................................................................5-53 5.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain Service Channels.................................................5-54 5.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service Channels...............................................................5-56 5.16 Testing CES Services..................................................................................................................................5-57 5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels...........................................................................5-59 5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER...................................................................................................................5-61 5.19 Testing Orderwire.......................................................................................................................................5-63 5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire Call.................................................................................................................5-63 5.19.2 Testing the Conference Call...............................................................................................................5-64 5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms..................................................................................................................5-65
A Glossary.....................................................................................................................................A-1
A.1 Numerics........................................................................................................................................................A-3 A.2 A....................................................................................................................................................................A-3 A.3 B....................................................................................................................................................................A-5 A.4 C....................................................................................................................................................................A-6 A.5 D....................................................................................................................................................................A-9 A.6 E...................................................................................................................................................................A-10 A.7 F...................................................................................................................................................................A-12 A.8 G..................................................................................................................................................................A-14 A.9 H..................................................................................................................................................................A-14 A.10 I..................................................................................................................................................................A-15 A.11 J..................................................................................................................................................................A-16 Issue 02 (2010-11-01) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ix
Contents
A.12 L.................................................................................................................................................................A-16 A.13 M................................................................................................................................................................A-18 A.14 N................................................................................................................................................................A-19 A.15 O................................................................................................................................................................A-20 A.16 P.................................................................................................................................................................A-21 A.17 Q................................................................................................................................................................A-23 A.18 R................................................................................................................................................................A-23 A.19 S.................................................................................................................................................................A-25 A.20 T.................................................................................................................................................................A-28 A.21 U................................................................................................................................................................A-29 A.22 V................................................................................................................................................................A-30 A.23 W...............................................................................................................................................................A-30
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap............................................................................................................... 1-6 Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface..................................................................................................................1-10 Figure 1-3 Level optical interface......................................................................................................................1-11 Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects......................................................................................................................1-14 Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder...............................................................................................................................1-15 Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof.............................................................................1-15 Figure 2-1 Front panel of the AUX board............................................................................................................2-4 Figure 4-1 Connection between the PC and the OptiX OSN 3500......................................................................4-3 Figure 4-2 Board configuration of the OptiX OSN 3500...................................................................................4-14 Figure 4-3 Signal flow for testing cable connection to PDH Service Interfaces................................................4-18 Figure 4-4 Actual connection of cables to PDH Service Interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500............................4-19 Figure 4-5 Signal flow through the cable of the CES service interface.............................................................4-21 Figure 4-6 Actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface on the OptiX OSN 3500.....4-22 Figure 4-7 Connection for testing the mean launched optical power.................................................................4-25 Figure 4-8 Connection for testing the received optical power...........................................................................4-27 Figure 4-9 Signal flow of the TPS......................................................................................................................4-28 Figure 4-10 TPS test connection........................................................................................................................4-29 Figure 4-11 Signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board.....................................4-31 Figure 4-12 Connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing boards .............................................................................................................................................................................4-32 Figure 4-13 Connection diagram for testing the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards .....................4-34 Figure 4-14 Removing a board...........................................................................................................................4-35 Figure 4-15 Inserting a board.............................................................................................................................4-35 Figure 5-1 Fiber connection of a two-fiber ring...................................................................................................5-5 Figure 5-2 Fiber connection of a four-fiber ring..................................................................................................5-6 Figure 5-3 Fiber connection of a non-protection chain........................................................................................5-7 Figure 5-4 Fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS........................................................................................5-7 Figure 5-5 Fiber connection of 1:N (N14) linear MS...................................................................................... 5-8 Figure 5-6 Fiber connection diagram...................................................................................................................5-9 Figure 5-7 Direct connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment...............................................5-11 Figure 5-8 Connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment through a LAN................................5-13 Figure 5-9 Connection diagram for testing IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching......................................5-26 Figure 5-10 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (single-end loopback test)......................................................................................................................................................................5-28 Issue 02 (2010-11-01) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xi
Figures
Figure 5-11 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (dual-end analyzer test) .............................................................................................................................................................................5-29 Figure 5-12 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (single-end loopback test)......................................................................................................................................................................5-31 Figure 5-13 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (dual-end analyzer test)......................................................................................................................................................................5-32 Figure 5-14 Connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching..........................................5-34 Figure 5-15 Connection for testing the SNCP protection switching..................................................................5-36 Figure 5-16 MPLS test connection diagram.......................................................................................................5-39 Figure 5-17 MPLS test connection diagram ......................................................................................................5-40 Figure 5-18 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.....................................................................5-42 Figure 5-19 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels.....................................................................5-49 Figure 5-20 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah...........................................................................5-51 Figure 5-21 Connection diagram for Ethernet service connectivity test............................................................5-52 Figure 5-22 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels.....................................................5-55 Figure 5-23 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels.....................................................5-56 Figure 5-24 Connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES services.......................................................5-58 Figure 5-25 Connection diagram for testing packet loss on Ethernet service channels.....................................5-60 Figure 5-26 Connection for testing the networkwide BER................................................................................5-61 Figure 5-27 Connecting 2 Mbit/s ports in a serial manner.................................................................................5-62
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Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500.........................................................................1-3 Table 2-1 Commissioning meters and tools.........................................................................................................2-2 Table 3-1 Commissioning procedure in packet mode..........................................................................................3-2 Table 3-2 Commissioning procedure in TDM mode............................................................................................3-3 Table 3-3 Commissioning procedure in hybrid mode..........................................................................................3-4 Table 4-1 Parameters to be set for the service configuration.............................................................................4-15 Table 4-2 Relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serial code.........................4-20 Table 4-3 Relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequence code.............................4-23 Table 5-1 Mode, speed, and duplex mode supported by the ETH port..............................................................5-10 Table 5-2 Parameters in the IP routing table......................................................................................................5-19 Table 5-3 Configuration Process........................................................................................................................5-21 Table 5-4 Mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random serial code....................5-62
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1 Safety Precautions
1
About This Chapter
Safety Precautions
This topic provides the safety guidelines during the equipment commissioning. The safety guidelines includes the personal safety regulations and equipment operating regulations. Ensure that the regulations are strictly followed to prevent personal injury and damage to the equipment when you operate the equipment. 1.1 General Safety Precautions This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices. 1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment. 1.3 Electrical Safety This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current, power cables, fuses, and ESD. 1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device. 1.5 Storage Batteries This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries. 1.6 Radiation This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers. 1.7 Working at Heights This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights. 1.8 Mechanical Safety This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans, and carrying heavy objects. 1.9 Other Precautions This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables, and routing cables.
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1.1 General Safety Precautions

This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
All Safety Precautions

To ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safety precautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device. The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all the safety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.
Local Laws and Regulations

When operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safety precautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws and regulations.
Basic Installation Requirements

The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training and be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation. l l l l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a device. Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot and maintain the device. Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or change the device or parts of the device (including software). The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause safety problems to the person in charge.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded. l l l l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last. Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact. Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor. The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device, check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly grounded.
Human Safety
l l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the cables. When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.
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NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l l l
To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits. Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurt by laser beams. Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches, to prevent electric shock and burn. In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building again in any situation.
Device Safety
l l l l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as on a wall or in a rack. When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked. When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required. After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment. Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500 and their meanings. Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX OSN 3500 Symbol Indication This symbol is for anti-static protection. A notice with this symbol indicates that you should wear an anti-static wrist strap or glove when you touch a board. Otherwise, you may cause damage to the board.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
This symbol is for the laser class. A notice with this symbol indicates the class of the laser. Avoid direct exposure to the laser beams. Otherwise, it may damage you eyes or skin.
LASER RADIATION
DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CLASS 1M LASER PRODUCT
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Symbol
Indication A notice with this symbol indicates where the subrack is grounded.
ATTENTION
CLEAN PERIODICALLY
A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter should be cleaned periodically.
DON'T TOUCH THE FAN LEAVES BEFORE THEY SLOW DOWN !
This symbol is for fan safety. A notice with this symbol indicates that the fan leaves should not be touched when the fan is rotating. A notice with the APD symbol indicates that the overload value of an optical interface is -9 dBm.
APD
Receiver MAX:-9dBm
1.3 Electrical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current, power cables, fuses, and ESD.
High Voltage
DANGER
l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal. l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or both.
Thunderstorm
The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.
DANGER
Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weather conditions.
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High Leakage Current
WARNING
Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the device cannot be ensured. If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.
Power Cables
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core of the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or eye injury. l l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device. Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is correct.
Device with Power On
DANGER
Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.
Short Circuits
When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments in accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.
CAUTION
To avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on the ventilation plate of the subrack.
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CAUTION
Prevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.
Fuse
WARNING
If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to ensure safe operation of the device.
Electrostatic Discharge
CAUTION
The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI). l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations: physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics in the hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time. Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properly grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components from being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.
Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap. Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap
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1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas

This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
DANGER
Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas. Operating an electronic device in an environment of flammable gas causes a severe hazard.
1.5 Storage Batteries

This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
DANGER
Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiar with the method of connecting a storage battery. l l l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any shortcircuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage. If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards. A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit, which leads to human injuries.
Basic Precautions
To ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery: l l l l l Use special insulation tools. Wear an eye protector and take effective protection measures. Wear rubber gloves and a protection coat to prevent the hazard caused by the overflowing electrolyte. When handling the storage battery, ensure that its electrodes are upward. Leaning or reversing the storage battery is prohibited. Before installing or maintaining the storage battery, ensure that the storage battery is disconnected from the power supply that charges the storage battery.
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Short-Circuit
DANGER
A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy. Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the working battery before performing other operations.
Hazardous Gas
CAUTION
Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device erosion. Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofing measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.
Battery Temperature
CAUTION
If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may overflow. When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60C, you need to check whether the electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.
Battery Leakage
CAUTION
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately. When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb the leaking electrolyte: l
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Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended by the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal. If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital immediately.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers. 1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using optical fibers. 1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure. 1.6.3 Forbidden Areas The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area. 1.6.4 Laser This topic describes safety precautions for lasers. 1.6.5 Microwave When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers

The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes. Hence, you must exercise caution when using optical fibers.
DANGER
When installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. The laser beam can cause damage to your eyes.
Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Optical Interfaces
CAUTION
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interface on the equipment.
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The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following special cleaning tools and materials: l l l l l l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can also be used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin. Non-woven lens tissue Special compressed gas Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton) Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent Special magnifier for fiber connectors
For cleaning steps, see Appendix "Inspecting and Cleaning the Fiber-Optical Connectors" in the OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Troubleshooting.
Replacing Optical Fibers

When replacing an optical fiber, cover the fiber connector of the unused optical fiber with a protective cap.
Connecting Optical Fibers

l l l Use an attenuator if the optical power is excessively high. A high received optical power damages the optical interface. Directly connect an attenuator to a slanting optical interface. Install the attenuator on the IN port instead of the OUT port. Do not directly connect an attenuator to the level optical interface. Use the optical distribution frame (ODF) to connect an attenuator to a level optical interface.
Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface. Figure 1-2 Slanting optical interface
Slanting optical interface
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Figure 1-3 Level optical interface
Level optical interface
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure

This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure.
WARNING
High-intensity RF signals are harmful to the human body. If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, you must request the relevant personnel to shut down the transmit antenna before they install or maintain the antenna locally. During the operation, the base transceiver station (BTS) may generate electromagnetic radiation (namely, radiation harm). Before installing and operating the BTS equipment, read the guidelines to ensure safe operations. When installing the BTS equipment, obey the local rules and regulations.
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas

The topic describes requirements for a forbidden area. l l The site of the antenna must be far away from the area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range and the public cannot reach. Before entering the area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range, the associated personnel must learn about the area and shut down the electromagnetic radiator. The area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range, if any, should be within 10 meters away from the antenna. A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag must be available in each forbidden area.
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1.6.4 Laser
This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.
WARNING
When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly without eye protection. Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The laser transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and thus it has very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the eyes may be damaged. In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eye protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur, however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view an un-terminated optical fiber.
Safety Instructions Regarding Lasers

To avoid laser radiation, obey the following instructions: l l l l l l l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the required training courses. Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers. Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors. Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure whether the optical source is switched off. Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source is switched off. Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not exposed to laser radiation. Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.
Instructions Regarding Fiber Handling

Read and abide by the following instructions before handling fibers: l l Only trained personnel are permitted to cut and splice fibers. Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical source. After disconnecting the fiber, cap to the fiber connectors.
1.6.5 Microwave
When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
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WARNING
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body. When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.
1.7 Working at Heights

This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
WARNING
When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down. The requirements for working at heights are as follows: l l l l l The personnel who work at heights must be trained. Carry and handle the operating machines and tools with caution to prevent them from falling down. Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, must be taken. Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas. Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are intact.
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices. 1.7.2 Using Ladders This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects

This topic describes the safety precautions for hoisting heavy objects that you must follow when installing, operating, and maintaining Huawei devices.
WARNING
When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects. l l Only trained and qualified personnel can perform hoisting operations. Before hoisting heavy objects, check that the hoisting tools are complete and in good condition.
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l l l
Before hoisting heavy objects, ensure that the hoisting tools are fixed to a secure object or wall with good weight-bearing capacity. Issue orders with short and explicit words to ensure correct operations. Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during the lifting, as shown in Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-4 Hoisting heavy objects
1.7.2 Using Ladders

This topic describes safety precautions for using ladders.
Checking Ladders
l l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder is in good condition, you can use the ladder. Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid overweighing the ladder.
Placing Ladders
The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladder with an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to prevent the
ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protection measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely. Figure 1-5 Slanting a ladder
Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points: l l l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two long sides. Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks. Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the roof, as shown in Figure 1-6. Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof
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1.8 Mechanical Safety

This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans, and carrying heavy objects.
Drilling Holes
WARNING
Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and damages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited. l l l l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet. Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by the splashing metal scraps. Wear protection gloves when drilling holes. Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling, clean up the metallic scraps.
Sharp Objects
WARNING
Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured by the sharp edges of the device.
Fans
l l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device. When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boards are damaged.
Carrying Heavy Objects

Wear protection gloves when carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent hands from being hurt.
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WARNING
l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects. l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, which may hurt you. l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs and move stably to avoid being strained. When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules, and boards.
1.9 Other Precautions

This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables, and routing cables.
Removing and Inserting a Board
CAUTION
When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to avoid distorting pins on the backplane. l l l Slide the board along the guide rails. Do not contact one board with another to avoid short-circuits or damage. When holding a board in hand, do not touch the board circuits, components, connectors, or connection slots of the board to prevent damage caused by ESD of the human body to the electrostatic-sensitive components.
Binding Signal Cables
CAUTION
Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.
Routing Cables
In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skin of the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:
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l l
When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0C. If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0C, transfer them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before installation. Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.
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2 Preparations for Equipment Commissioning
Preparations for Equipment Commissioning
About This Chapter

Before commissioning the equipment, you need to prepare the necessary meters and tools, the reference documents, and the engineering design information. 2.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and Tools Have the meters and tools prepared for the commissioning operation. 2.2 Reference Documents Before the commissioning, prepare the following reference documents. 2.3 Network Design Information Before the commissioning, prepare the following network design information. 2.4 Check Before Commissioning Before commissioning the OptiX OSN 3500, check the following items. 2.5 Requirements for the Commissioning Personnel Before using this manual, ensure that the commissioning personnel are trained in commissioning the optical network equipment. They must also be skilled in using the commissioning tools. The commissioning personnel must be familiar with the following items:
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2.1 Preparation of Commissioning Meters and Tools

Have the meters and tools prepared for the commissioning operation. Table 2-1 lists the meters and tools that are used to commission the OptiX OSN 3500. Table 2-1 Commissioning meters and tools Name SDH analyzer Optical power meter Optical attenuator Laptop Multimeter BER tester Fiber jumper Network cable fiber connector 2M fiber jumper Network cable tester Usefulness It is used to test multiplex section switching time, and frequency deviation and jitter at optical or electrical interfaces of SDH services. It is used to test the actually received optical power, and receiver sensitivity of the optical interfaces. It is used to attenuate strong optical power received at optical interfaces to prevent damage to the optical interface. It must be installed with the U2000 LCT or U2000 for the per-NE commissioning. In addition, it is also used to test the Ethernet indexes. It is used to test voltage, resistance, and current intensity. It is used to test bit errors at electrical interfaces. It is used to connect an optical interface to the ODF, or to perform a self-loop at the optical interface board. It is used to connect an NE to a PC, or to test the Ethernet service channels. It is used to connect two fiber ends, or to connect one fiber end to a light source or detector. It is used for serial test for 2 Mbit/s CES services. It is used to check the connectivity of a network cable.
2.2 Reference Documents

Before the commissioning, prepare the following reference documents. The reference documents include: l l l l l
2-2
Troubleshooting OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Alarms and Performance Events Reference Configuration Guide (SDH Transport Domain) Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain) OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Installation Guide
l l l
OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Switching System Hardware Description Feature Description iManager U2000 Installation Guide
2.3 Network Design Information

Before the commissioning, prepare the following network design information. The network design documentation set required by packet equipment commissioning includes: l l l XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Low Level Design XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Design XXX Project Hybrid MSTP Network Slot Configuration List
2.4 Check Before Commissioning

Before commissioning the OptiX OSN 3500, check the following items.
Checking the Installation of the U2000

Check the following items regarding the installation of the U2000: l l The U2000 must be installed in the central equipment room. The installation must be correct. The U2000 LCT must be installed in the laptop. The installation must be correct.
Refer to the iManager U2000 Installation Guide and iManager U2000 LCT User Guide.
Checking the Hardware Installation

l Check whether the interfaces of the AUX board are connected properly. The front panel of the AUX board has 24 RJ-45 interfaces, which are defined to access different signals. Take great care and avoid incorrect installation to protect the internal chip from being damaged. For details, see the OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Hardware Description. Figure 2-1 shows the positions of the interfaces on the AUX board.
CAUTION
On the AUX board, LAMP1 is the egress port, and LAMP2 is the ingress concatenated port for the alarm indicators on the cabinet.
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Figure 2-1 Front panel of the AUX board
AUX
STAT
Checking Grounding
l l Make sure that the equipment is grounded. Make sure that the grounding is proper.
2.5 Requirements for the Commissioning Personnel

Before using this manual, ensure that the commissioning personnel are trained in commissioning the optical network equipment. They must also be skilled in using the commissioning tools. The commissioning personnel must be familiar with the following items: l l l
2-4
CLKO1 CLKO2 CLK1 REV F&f F1 PHONE V1 V2 OAM S1 S2 S3 S4
CLKI1 CLKI2 CLK2 ETH COM EXT LAMP1 LAMP2 ALMO1 ALMO2 ALMI1 ALMI2 ALMI3 ALMI4
AUX
Knowledge of the OptiX OSN 3500 How to use the U2000 to configure services How to use the U2000 LCT to configure services
l l l l
How to use the commissioning meters of the SDH, PDH, and Ethernet services Knowledge of the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) , plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), and Ethernet. Understanding of MPLS technology and capability of using the NMS to configure services. Understanding of OAM technology and capability of using the NMS to locate faults.
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3 Commissioning procedure
3
About This Chapter
Commissioning procedure
The OptiX OSN series product adopts the dual-core technology. With different hardware configurations, the equipment can operate in packet mode, TDM mode, or hybrid mode. 3.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet Mode When the equipment is configured with packet features only, perform the following commissioning procedure. 3.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM Mode When the equipment is configured with TDM features only, perform the following commissioning procedure. 3.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid Mode When the equipment is configured with packet and TDM features, perform the following commissioning procedure.
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3.1 Commissioning Procedure in Packet Mode

When the equipment is configured with packet features only, perform the following commissioning procedure. Table 3-1 Commissioning procedure in packet mode Commissionin g Category Per-NE commissioning Commissioning Task 4.1 Connecting the PC 4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT 4.3 Logging in to an NE 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data 4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces 4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces 4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching 4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE System commissioning 5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board 5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network 5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment 5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN 5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network 5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions 5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE 5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching 5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network 5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels 5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services 5.16 Testing CES Services
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Commissionin g Category
Commissioning Task 5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels 5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms
3.2 Commissioning Procedure in TDM Mode

When the equipment is configured with TDM features only, perform the following commissioning procedure. Table 3-2 lists the commissioning tasks for the OptiX OSN NEs in TDM mode. Table 3-2 Commissioning procedure in TDM mode Commissionin g Category Per-NE commissioning Commissioning Task 4.1 Connecting the PC 4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT 4.3 Logging in to an NE 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data 4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces 4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces 4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching 4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE System commissioning 5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board 5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network 5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment 5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network 5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions 5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE 5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching
Commissioning Task 5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching 5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels 5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels 5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER 5.19 Testing Orderwire 5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms
3.3 Commissioning Procedure in Hybrid Mode

When the equipment is configured with packet and TDM features, perform the following commissioning procedure. Table 3-3 Commissioning procedure in hybrid mode Commissionin g Category Per-NE commissioning Commissioning Task 4.1 Connecting the PC 4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT 4.3 Logging in to an NE 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data 4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces 4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces 4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces 4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching 4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE System commissioning 5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board 5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections 5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment 5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN
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Commissioning Task 5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network 5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions 5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE 5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching 5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching 5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network 5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels 5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels 5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services 5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services 5.16 Testing CES Services 5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels 5.19 Testing Orderwire 5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms
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4 Per-NE Commissioning
4
About This Chapter
Per-NE Commissioning
This topic describes the commissioning items and methods of the per-NE commissioning. 4.1 Connecting the PC The per-NE commissioning is performed by using the U2000 LCT on a PC. This section describes how to connect the PC to the equipment properly. Make sure that the connection between the PC and the equipment is correct during the commissioning. 4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT This topic describes how to start the U2000 LCT, and how to start the U2000 LCT server and client on the PC. 4.3 Logging in to an NE You can use the U2000 LCT to commission an NE only after you log in to the NE on the U2000 LCT. This topic describes how to log in to an NE to be commissioned on the U2000 LCT. 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data Certain commissioning items require that the commissioning data should be configured on the NE. Configure the NE commissioning data after checking the NE version. This topic describes how to configure the NE commissioning data. 4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces During installation, cables or fibers may be improperly connected to PDH Service Interfaces, and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent the services from being affected, make sure that the cable or fiber connection is correct. This topic describes how to test the connection of the cables to PDH Service Interfaces. 4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces During installation, the cables may be connected to the CES service interfaces improperly and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent impact on services, ensure that the cables are connected correctly. This section describes how to test the cable connections at CES service interfaces. 4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces If the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. As a result, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may
be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the optical interface specifications. The test is performed to make sure that the launched or received optical power of each optical interface is proper. 4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching The board protection realizes the protection of services. To prevent the failure of service switching, the board protection switching function must be normal. This topic describes how to test the board protection switching function. 4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE By checking the alarms generated on a single NE, you can check whether the equipment is working properly.
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4.1 Connecting the PC

The per-NE commissioning is performed by using the U2000 LCT on a PC. This section describes how to connect the PC to the equipment properly. Make sure that the connection between the PC and the equipment is correct during the commissioning.
Prerequisite
The Windows operating system must have been installed on the PC for commissioning.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Make sure that the network cable is a cross-over cable. For details about the cross-over cable, see Crossover Cable in Hardware Description.
NOTE
If a self-adaptive network adapter is installed on the PC, a straight-through cable can also be used. For details of the straight-through cable, see Straight Through Cable in Hardware Description.
Step 2 Connect the PC to the OptiX OSN 3500, as shown in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1 Connection between the PC and the OptiX OSN 3500
Slot 37 AUX
PC
ETH ETH
Step 3 Power on the PC. Check the ETH port indicators of the PC and the AUX board. Normally, the LINK indicator is steady green, and the ACT indicator flashes orange.
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ACT
ETH
LINK
NOTE
In the case of a network that has only one gateway NE, the gateway NE is connected to the NMS through the ETH port, and the other NEs are connected to the gateway NE through the optical fibers and the HW ECC protocol. In this case, when all the NEs on the network are powered on, the non-gateway NEs report the LAN_LOC alarm. At this time, the services and the communication are not affected by the report of the alarm, and the user can mask this alarm by using the NMS.
----End
4.2 Starting the U2000 LCT

This topic describes how to start the U2000 LCT, and how to start the U2000 LCT server and client on the PC.
NOTE
You can use the U2000 client or U2000 LCT for commissioning. The user interfaces of the two NMS tools are the same, this document considers the U2000 LCT as an example. When using the U2000 client for commissioning, you need to start the U2000 server and client on the PC, and then log in to the NE for commissioning.
4.2.1 Starting the PC This topic describes how to start the PC on which the Windows operating system is installed. 4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PC You can log in to and commission the equipment through the U2000 LCT only when the IP address of the PC and IP address of the equipment are in the same network segment. 4.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT Server The U2000 LCT server provides services for the U2000 LCT clients. For network management first start the U2000 LCT server, and then login the U2000 LCT application. 4.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT Client Before using the U2000 LCT client to perform the per-NE commissioning, you need to start the U2000 LCT client properly.
4.2.1 Starting the PC

This topic describes how to start the PC on which the Windows operating system is installed.
Prerequisite
None.

None.
Context
NOTE
If the PC is powered on, directly go to Step 2.
Procedure
Step 1 Power on the PC. The Microsoft Windows starts automatically and the login window is displayed. Step 2 Log in with an administrator account. Step 3 Click OK to display the desktop of the Windows operating system. ----End
4.2.2 Setting the IP Address of the PC

You can log in to and commission the equipment through the U2000 LCT only when the IP address of the PC and IP address of the equipment are in the same network segment.
Prerequisite
l l Connecting the PC Starting the PC

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the My Network Places icon the Network Connections window. on the desktop, and select Properties to display
Step 2 In the Network Connections window, right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties from the shortcut menu to display the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box. Step 3 Click the General tab. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) from the This connection uses the following items list. Step 4 Click Properties to display the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box. Step 5 Select Use the following IP address from the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box. Set the IP address as follows: l IP address: 129.9.0.250 l Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0
NOTE
The IP network segment of the equipment is 129.9.0.0. The IP address of the PC and IP address of the equipment are in the same network segment. The IP address given in Step 5 is just an example. If the IP address of the PC is the same as the IP address of the equipment, the PC prompts an IP conflict. In this case, change the IP address of the PC.
Step 6 Click OK. Step 7 Click Close in the Local Area Connection Status window.
NOTE
In special cases, the IP addresses of certain NEs may not be in the planned network segment due to the user's requirement. It is suggested that you add the required network segments for the PC before the commissioning. In this manner, you need not change the IP address of the PC during the commissioning. l 1. In Step 5, click Advanced. l 2. In the IP address area of the IP Settings tab, click Add. l 3. In the dialog box that is displayed, click Add to add new network segments.
----End
4.2.3 Starting the U2000 LCT Server

The U2000 LCT server provides services for the U2000 LCT clients. For network management first start the U2000 LCT server, and then login the U2000 LCT application.
Prerequisite
l l The U2000 LCT must be installed properly. The IP address of the PC must be set.

U2000 LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the U2000LCT System Monitor icon. The Login dialog box is displayed in a few seconds. Step 2 In the Login dialog box, set the user name (Administrator, by default) and the password (null, by default). You need to change the password when logging in for the first time. Step 3 Click Login. Step 4 Check whether the U2000 LCT processes can be normally started. The process whose startup mode is the manual mode must be started manually. If all the processes are in the Running state, it indicates that the server runs normally. ----End
4.2.4 Starting the U2000 LCT Client

Before using the U2000 LCT client to perform the per-NE commissioning, you need to start the U2000 LCT client properly.
Prerequisite
The U2000 LCT server must be started.

U2000 LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the U2000LCT-Client icon on the desktop of the PC. Step 2 In the Login dialog box, set the user name (Admin, by default) and the password (null, by default). You need to change the password when logging in for the first time. Step 3 Click Login to log in to the U2000 LCT. ----End
4.3 Logging in to an NE
You can use the U2000 LCT to commission an NE only after you log in to the NE on the U2000 LCT. This topic describes how to log in to an NE to be commissioned on the U2000 LCT.
Prerequisite
The following tasks must be performed: l l The PC must be connected. The U2000 LCT must be started.

U2000 LCT
Precautions
NOTE
l If you enable the remote authentication dial in user service (RADIUS) security management function, you need to perform certain configurations on the NE at the network management center (NMC) before logging in to the NE. For details, see the Feature Description. l If you use the U2000 LCT client to log in to the current NE after one U2000 user already logs in the NE, the NE determines whether to allow the U2000 LCT client to log in based on the state of the U2000 LCT access function. l If the U2000 LCT access function is disabled, the NE does not allow the U2000 LCT client to log in. l If the U2000 LCT access function is enabled, the NE allows the U2000 LCT client to log in. l If you use the U2000 LCT client to log in to the current NE when no other U2000 users logs in to the NE, the NE allows the U2000 LCT client to log in, regardless of the state of the U2000 LCT access function.
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CAUTION
If five consecutive logins through the same user account are performed with incorrect passwords, the user account will be locked and it will be unlocked 15 minutes after the last failed login. (When the interval between two logins is within three minutes, the two logins are considered as two consecutive logins.) The unlocking operation cannot be performed through the NMS. Only the system can (automatically) unlock the user account. Here the locking indicates that the user account of a specified NE is locked and the other NEs are not affected.
Procedure
Step 1 Click Auto Discovery in the NE Information List. The NE Search window is displayed. Step 2 Click Add and the Input Search Domain dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Optional: Set Address Type to IP Address Range of GNE, IP Address of GNE, or NSAP Address, and enter Search Address, User Name, and Password. Then, click OK.
NOTE
You can repeat Steps 2 through 3 to add more search domains. You can delete the system default search domain. l If you use IP address to search for NEs: l Usually, the broadcast function is disabled on the routers on a network, to avoid network broadcast storm. Therefore, by using the IP Address Range of GNE method, only the NEs in the same network segment can be searched out. l To search the network segments across routers, the IP Address of GNE method is recommended. Through a gateway NE, you can search out the NEs in the network segment of the gateway NE. l If you use NSAP address, you can only select NSAP address.
Step 4 In the Search for NE area, perform the following operations: l Select Search for NE. All NEs in the selected domain are searched out. l Select Create NE after search, enter the NE User and Password. l Select Upload after create. The data related to the NEs are uploaded to the NMS after the NEs are created.
NOTE
l The default NE User is lct. l The default Password is password.
Step 5 Click Next and the Result area is displayed. Step 6 Optional: If you select Search for NE only, you can select the NEs, which are not yet created, in the Result list after the search for NEs is complete. Click Create and then the Create dialog box is displayed. Enter User Name and Password in the Create dialog box, and then click OK. ----End
4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data

Certain commissioning items require that the commissioning data should be configured on the NE. Configure the NE commissioning data after checking the NE version. This topic describes how to configure the NE commissioning data. 4.4.1 Setting the NE ID After logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID according to the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using the U2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning. 4.4.2 Configuring LSR ID In the Basic Configuration interface, you can set LSR (Label Switch Router) ID. 4.4.3 Setting the NE IP After logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID according to the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using the U2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning. 4.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by Static MPLS Tunnels To configure the Ethernet services that are carried by static MPLS tunnels, you need to set the attributes related to the port of the static MPLS tunnels. 4.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and Time You can set the NE name, date, and time by using the U2000 LCT. The purpose is to ensure that the recorded and reported alarms and performance events of the U2000 LCT are correct. 4.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE Commissioning Certain tests during the per-NE commissioning are based on the configured services. Hence, it is required that you configure commissioning services before the test is performed. 4.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption Management NE Power Consumption Threshold is Typical Power Consumption by default. When the actual NE power consumption is higher than the typical power consumption and a logical board is added on the NE, the NMS returns a message indicating that the power consumption of the NE is insufficient. Therefore, functions of the NE are affected. To solve this problem, set NE Power Consumption Threshold to High Power Consumption.
4.4.1 Setting the NE ID

After logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID according to the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using the U2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.
Prerequisite
The U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to.

U2000 LCT
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Precautions
CAUTION
Modifying the NE ID is a dangerous operation, which may interrupt NE communication.
NOTE
The default ID of NE is: 0x9bff0.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Information List pane, right-click the NE whose ID needs to be changed. Then, select NE Explorer. Step 2 Choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Step 3 Click Modify NE ID in the lower right corner of the window. Then, the Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed. Step 4 Enter New ID and New Extended ID. Then, click OK. Step 5 In the displayed Warning dialog box, click OK. ----End
4.4.2 Configuring LSR ID

In the Basic Configuration interface, you can set LSR (Label Switch Router) ID.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Basic Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Set LSR ID. For details about LSR ID, see Basic Configuration.
NOTE
l When the LSR ID is specified for the first time, a warm-reset occurs on the NE but does not affect services. If the specified LSR ID is then changed, no warm-reset occurs on the NE and services are not affected. l If any tunnel exists, do not change the LSR ID.
----End
4.4.3 Setting the NE IP

After logging in to the NE by using the U2000 LCT, you need to change the NE ID according to the ID planning of the actual NEs. This topic describes how to set the NE ID by using the U2000 LCT. The IDs of the actual NEs must comply with the ID planning.
Prerequisite

U2000 LCT
Precautions
NOTE
The default IP address of NE is: 129.9.191.240.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Information List pane, right-click the NE whose IP needs to be changed. Then, select NE Explorer. Step 2 Choose Communication > Communication Parameters from the Function Tree. Step 3 Set the communication parameters of the NE, including IP address, subnet mask, and gateway IP Address. Step 4 Click Apply. In the displayed Warning dialog box, click OK. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt. Click Close.
NOTE
For GNEs, after you set the NE IP address, you need to specify the active GNE for non-gateway NEs that are originally connected to the GNE. For details, see Changing the GNE for NEs.
----End
4.4.4 Configuring the NNIs for Ethernet Services Carried by Static MPLS Tunnels
To configure the Ethernet services that are carried by static MPLS tunnels, you need to set the attributes related to the port of the static MPLS tunnels.
Prerequisite
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the General Attributes tab.
Set the general attributes of the port as follows: l Enable Port: Enabled
l Port Mode: Layer 3 Set the other parameters as required. Step 3 Click Apply. Step 4 Click the Layer 3 Attributes tab. Step 5 Select the desired port and set Enable Tunnel as Enabled. Set Specify IP to Manually. Set IP Address and IP Mask according to the service planning information. For details about the parameters, see Layer 3 Attributes.
NOTE
l When changing the IP address of the port, ensure that the IP address of this port and the IP addresses of the other ports configured with services are not in the same subnet.
Step 6 Click Apply. Then, the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful. Step 7 Click Close. ----End
4.4.5 Setting the NE Name, Date, and Time

You can set the NE name, date, and time by using the U2000 LCT. The purpose is to ensure that the recorded and reported alarms and performance events of the U2000 LCT are correct.
Prerequisite
The U2000 LCT must be started and the NE must be logged in to

U2000 LCT
Precautions
NOTE
Synchronizing the NE time does not affect services. Do not modify the system time when the U2000 LCT is running. l To modify the system time of the server, exit the U2000 LCT server and restart it after the modification. l To modify the system time of the client, exit the U2000 LCT client and restart it after the modification.
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer. Step 2 Choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Step 3 Change the NE name, and click Apply.
NOTE
It is recommended that the NE name should be "NE ID" + "-" + "Name", for example, 1-Beijing.
Step 4 The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close.
Step 5 Choose Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the Function Tree. Click Query to obtain the current NE time. Step 6 Right-click the NE time in NE Current Time, and select Synchronize with NM Time. The Time Synchronization Operation dialog box is displayed. Step 7 Click Yes. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. ----End
4.4.6 Configuring Services for the Per-NE Commissioning

Certain tests during the per-NE commissioning are based on the configured services. Hence, it is required that you configure commissioning services before the test is performed.
Prerequisite

U2000 LCT
Background Information
This topic describes how to configure services on the OptiX OSN 3500 for the per-NE commissioning. Figure 4-2 shows the board configuration of the OptiX OSN 3500. Specifically, the PQ1 boards in slots 2 and 3 are fully configured, and the PQ1 board in slot 1 protects the PQ1 boards in slots 2 and 3. For details, see 4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces.
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Figure 4-2 Board configuration of the OptiX OSN 3500

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 OptiX OSN 3500 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
D75S PQ1
AUX
SL64
10
11
12 13 14 15
16 17
18
NOTE
The interface boards of the PQ1 board are the D75S, D12S and D12B. Please choose the corresponding interface board according to the interface impedance type of the PQ1 board. l The D75S board provides 75-ohm interfaces. l The D12S board provides 120-ohm interfaces. l The D12B board provides 120-ohm interfaces. Figure 4-2 takes the D75S as an example.
Precautions
NOTE
It is required that the configured services should transit the PDH ports of all the tributary boards.
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select Configuration. The NE Configuration Wizard window is displayed. Step 2 Select Manual Configuration, and click Next. A dialog box is displayed, indicating whether to confirm the initialization. Click OK. Step 3 A dialog box is displayed, indicating whether to perform the operation. Click OK.
Step 4 Set NE Name, and select Equipment Type and Shelf Type according to the actual situation. Click Next.
NOTE
In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, the equipment type is OptiX OSN 3500, and the shelf type is Subrack Type I.
Step 5 An NE panel is displayed. Roll down the scroll bar, and click Query Physical Information. Click Next. Step 6 Select Verify and Run, and click Finish.
NOTE
During this process, a dialog box may be displayed to prompt that the server is busy and cannot respond. In this case, click Finish, and repeat Step 6. In the NE Information List pane, the configuration status of the NE is Configured.
Step 7 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer. Step 8 Choose Configuration > SDH Service Configuration from the Function Tree. Click Create, and the Create SDH Service dialog box is displayed. Step 9 Refer to Figure 4-2, and configure a bidirectional service from 2-PQ1 to 7-SL16.. Select service parameters from the dialog box. Click OK. An operation result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Step 10 Click Close. The service configuration is complete. Step 11 Repeat Steps 8-10 to configure services on the PDH ports of all the tributary boards. ----End
Reference Information
Table 4-1 lists the parameters to be set for the service configuration. Table 4-1 Parameters to be set for the service configuration Parameter Service level Service direction Value Range VC12, VC3, VC4 Bidirectional , unidirectiona l Default Value VC12 Bidirectio nal Description Select VC12 for E1 services, VC3 for E3 services, and VC4 for E4 services. l If the service is transmitted and received in the same route, select "bidirectional". l If the service is transmitted and received in different routes, select "unidirectional".
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Parameter Source slot
Value Range According to the board configuration
Default Value -
Description l In the case of a tributary board, the source slot should be "slot number" + "board name", for example, 2-PQ1. Specifically, "2" indicates the slot number, and "PQ1" indicates the board name. l In the case of a line board, the source slot should be "slot number" + "board name" + "optical interface number", for example, 7SL16-1. Specifically, "7" indicates the slot number, "SL16" indicates the board name, and "1" indicates the optical interface number.
Source VC-4 Source timeslot range (for example, 1, 3-6)
1-64 1-64
Indicates that the number of the VC-4 channel that the service occupies in the source slot. When VC-12 services are configured, you can select up to 63 timeslots. When VC-4 services are configured, you can select timeslots as follows: l Only one VC-4 timeslot can be selected on an STM-1 board. l A maximum of four VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-4 board. l A maximum of 16 VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-16 board. l A maximum of 64 VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-64 board.
Sink slot
According to the board configuration
l In the case of a tributary board, the sink slot should be "slot number" + "board name", for example, 2-PQ1. Specifically, "2" indicates the slot number, and "PQ1" indicates the board name. l In the case of a line board, the sink slot should be "slot number" + "board name" + "optical interface number", for example, 7SL16-1. Specifically, "7" indicates the slot number, "SL16" indicates the board name, and "1" indicates the optical interface number.
Sink VC-4
1-64
The number for the VC-4 channel at the sink slot that services travel through
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Parameter Sink timeslot range (for example, 1, 3-6)
Value Range 1-64
Default Value -
Description When VC-12 services are configured, you can select up to 63 timeslots. When VC-4 services are configured, you can select timeslots as follows: l Only one VC-4 timeslot can be selected on an STM-1 board. l A maximum of four VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-4 board. l A maximum of 16 VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-16 board. l A maximum of 64 VC-4 timeslots can be selected on an STM-64 board.
Activate immediately
Yes, No
Yes
If you select "Yes", the service is activated immediately. If you select "No", the service data is saved on the NM side only, and the service is not activated.
4.4.7 Configuring NE Power Consumption Management

NE Power Consumption Threshold is Typical Power Consumption by default. When the actual NE power consumption is higher than the typical power consumption and a logical board is added on the NE, the NMS returns a message indicating that the power consumption of the NE is insufficient. Therefore, functions of the NE are affected. To solve this problem, set NE Power Consumption Threshold to High Power Consumption.
Prerequisite
l l The U2000 must be started and you have logged in to the NE. The PDU type must be 51PDU and the input power is 63 A.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > Power Management. Step 2 Click the NE Power tab. Select the required NE from Physical Root, and then click Step 3 Set NE Power Consumption Threshold to High power consumption. .
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Step 4 Click Apply. ----End
4.5 Testing Connection Between the Cables and the PDH Service Interfaces
During installation, cables or fibers may be improperly connected to PDH Service Interfaces, and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent the services from being affected, make sure that the cable or fiber connection is correct. This topic describes how to test the connection of the cables to PDH Service Interfaces.
Prerequisite
The following operations must be performed: l l l Cables must be installed and routed from the PDH Service Interfaces to the digital distribution frame (DDF). The U2000 LCT must be started. The NE is configured, and the boards of the NE must be created on the NM.

BER tester or SDH analyzer, U2000 LCT, network cable tester
Test Connection Diagram

The test does not require the configuration of test services. Use the software to set the outloop of the tributary board. The transmit end of the meter transmits the test signal to the tributary board. The test signal then returns to the receive end of the meter. Read the meters, and make sure that the transmit and receive ports and sequence of the PDH service interface cable are proper. Figure 4-3 shows how the signal flows through cables connected to the PDH Service Interfaces. Figure 4-4 shows how cables are actually connected to PDH Service Interfaces. Figure 4-3 Signal flow for testing cable connection to PDH Service Interfaces
SDH analyzer PRBS generator BER test Interface board D75S Tributary board PQ1 Loopback
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Figure 4-4 Actual connection of cables to PDH Service Interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500
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SDH analyzer
Rx Tx
DDF
Tx Rx AUX
D75S PQ1
SL64
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
Procedure
Step 1 Use the network cable tester to test the network cable in use and ensure that the network cable is in good condition.
Step 2 According to the test connection diagram, connect the SDH analyzer or the BER tester to the port to be tested on the DDF. Connect the receive end of the meter to the transmit interface, the transmit end of the meter to the receive interface.
NOTE
To test services at the rate of 2048 kbit/s, use the 2 Mbit/s BER tester instead of the SDH analyzer.
Step 3 Set the pseudo-random serial code for the meter according to the rate of the configured service. Table 4-2 lists the relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serial code. Table 4-2 Relations between the service rate, the coding, and the pseudo-random serial code Service Rate (kbit/s) 2048 34368 44736 139264 155520 Coding HDB3 HDB3 B3ZS CMI CMI Pseudo-Random Serial Code 215-1 223-1 215-1 223-1 223-1
Step 4 Use the U2000 LCT to set the outloop at the tributary port to be tested, which corresponds to the actual test port. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer. Select the tributary board to be tested. Choose Configuration > PDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function. Then, select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu. Set the tributary port to be tested to Outloop. Click Apply, and a dialog box is displayed. Click OK. A dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close.
Step 5 Observe the SDH analyzer. Normally, the SDH analyzer displays no bit error. Step 6 Set the loopback mode of the tested port to Non-Loopback. Observe the SDH analyzer. The SDH analyzer should display the AIS alarm. Step 7 Repeat Steps 2-6 to test other ports of the tributary board in sequence. ----End
4.6 Testing Connection of Cables to CES Service Interfaces

During installation, the cables may be connected to the CES service interfaces improperly and the hardware may become faulty. To prevent impact on services, ensure that the cables are connected correctly. This section describes how to test the cable connections at CES service interfaces.
Prerequisite
The following tasks must be performed already:
l l l
The cables from the CES service interfaces to the digital distribution frame (DDF) are installed and routed. The U2000 LCT is started. The NE is configured, and the boards are created on the NMS.

BER tester, SDH analyzer, the U2000 LCT, network cable tester

This test does not require the configuration of test services. Use the NMS to set an outloop on the CES board. The test signals are sent at the transmit end of the tester, traverse the CES board, and are received at the receive end of the tester. Confirm that the transmit/receive ports and sequences of the cables for the CES service interfaces are correct with the tester. Figure 4-5 shows the actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface. Figure 4-6 shows the actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface. Figure 4-5 Signal flow through the cable of the CES service interface
DDF SDH analyzer PRBS generator BER test CES board MD12/ MD75 Loopback
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Figure 4-6 Actual connections for testing the cable of the CES service interface on the OptiX OSN 3500
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SDH analyzer
Rx Tx
DDF
Tx Rx AUX
MD12/MD75 PEG8
10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Procedure
Step 1 Use the network cable tester to test the network cable in use and ensure that the network cable is in good condition.
Step 2 According to the test connection diagram, connect the SDH analyzer or BER tester to the corresponding port on the DDF. The receive end of the tester connects to the transmit end of the port, and the transmit end of the tester connects to the receive end of the port.

NOTE
To test 2048 kbit/s services, you can use a 2M BER tester as a substitute of an SDH analyzer.
Step 3 Set the pseudo-random sequence code of the meter according to the configured service rate. Table 4-3 lists the relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequence code. Table 4-3 Relationship between the service rate, code, and pseudo-random sequence code Service Rate (kbit/s) 2048 34368 44736 139264 155520 Code HDB3 HDB3 B3ZS CMI CMI Pseudo-Random Sequence Code 215-1 223-1 215-1 223-1 223-1
Step 4 On the U2000 LCT, set an outloop on the CES service port. This port corresponds to the port to be tested. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. On the U2000 LCT, right-click the required NE in the NE Information List, and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Select the Ethernet board in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function, and then select Optical (Electrical) Interface Loopback from the drop-down menu. Set Outloop on the CES service port, and click Apply. The confirmation dialog box is displayed. Click OK. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful. Click Close.
Step 5 View the SDH analyzer. No bit errors should be displayed. Step 6 Set the loopback mode of the port to Non-Loopback. Then, view the SDH analyzer. The AIS alarm should be displayed. Step 7 Repeat Steps 2-6 to test the other ports on the CES service board. ----End
4.7 Testing Specifications of Optical Interfaces

If the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. As a result, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the optical interface specifications. The test is performed to make sure that the launched or received optical power of each optical interface is proper.
Two specifications of an optical interface board are tested, that is, the mean launched optical power and actually received optical power.
CAUTION
In the case of the board that supports the optical interface of several rates, you need to add the logical interface of the corresponding rate on the U2000 before testing the specifications of the optical interface.
CAUTION
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interface on the equipment. 4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical Power If the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the mean launched optical power of an optical interface. The test is performed to make sure the mean launched optical power of each optical interface is proper. 4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performed to make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.
4.7.1 Testing the Mean Launched Optical Power

If the launched or received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occur on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the mean launched optical power of an optical interface. The test is performed to make sure the mean launched optical power of each optical interface is proper.
Prerequisite
l l Ensure the optical interface that to be tested is on. The connections of the optical fibers must be normal.

Optical power meter, fiber jumpers with different connectors, optical connectors, fiber cleaning tools
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Figure 4-7 shows the connection for testing the mean launched optical power of an interface board. Figure 4-7 Connection for testing the mean launched optical power
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Optical power meter
SL64
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
DANGER
During the NE commissioning, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beam.
Procedure
Step 1 Remove the fiber from the OUT port of the optical interface board. Cap the optical fiber connector. Step 2 Use a fiber jumper to connect the OUT port of the optical interface board to the optical power meter.
NOTE
The interfaces of the optical power meters may be different. Select the fiber jumper with the corresponding connector.
Step 3 Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to obtain the feature code of the board. Refer to "Board Feature Code" in the Hardware Description to obtain the corresponding
type of an optical interface. Query the optical interface specifications from Reference Information, and obtain the working wavelength of the optical interface board. Step 4 Set the test wavelength of the optical power meter according to the working wavelength of the optical interface. Step 5 Observe the value displayed on the optical interface meter. Record the value of the optical power when the value becomes stable. The value is for the mean launched optical power and should be within the range specified in Reference Information. Step 6 If the mean launched optical power is not within the range specified in Reference Information, inspect and clean the fiber connector. For details about how to inspect and clean the fiber connectors used to connect the equipment to the optical power meter, see "Checking and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connector" in the Supporting Task. Then, repeat Steps 1-5. Step 7 Restore the fiber connection after the test shows that the mean launched optical power is proper. ----End
Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to learn the description of the bar code on the optical interface board. The OptiX OSN 3500 supports SDH optical interfaces of different types. STM-1 Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of the STM-1 optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500. STM-4 Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of the STM-4 optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500. STM-16 Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of the STM-16 optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500. STM-64 Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of the STM-64 optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500. Ethernet Optical Interfaces in Technical Specifications Reference lists the specifications of the GE and 10GE optical interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500.
4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board

If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performed to make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper.
Prerequisite
l l l The connections of the optical fibers must be normal. The mean launched optical power of the optical interface board must be proper. The fiber from the opposite site must be laid to the ODF of the local site. The per-NE commissioning must be completed at the opposite site, which must be powered on.
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Optical power meter, fiber connector

Figure 4-8 shows the connection for testing the received optical power. Figure 4-8 Connection for testing the received optical power
Optical interface board Fiber jumper ODF ODF
Tested optical interface Fiber jumper

IN OUT
Local station
Adjacent station
Procedure
Step 1 Remove the fiber jumper from the IN port of the optical interface board at the local site. Connect the fiber jumper to the optical power meter by using the fiber connector. Step 2 Refer to Bar Codes of the Boards in Hardware Description to obtain the information about the optical interface number. According to the optical interface number and rate, query the optical interface specifications in Reference Information, and obtain the working wavelength of the optical interface board. Step 3 Set the test wavelength of the optical power meter according to the working wavelength of the optical interface. Step 4 Observe the value displayed on the optical interface meter. Record the value when the value becomes stable. The recorded value is the value of the actually received optical power. Step 5 Refer to Reference Information to determine whether the received optical power is proper.
NOTE
The received optical power must follow the rule: minimum sensitivity + 3 dB received optical power (tested) minimum overload threshold - 5 dB.
Step 6 If the actually received optical power is not proper, take the following measures: l If the received optical power is excessively low, check the fiber connector, flange and attenuator on the ODF side, and clean the fiber connector. For details of inspecting and cleaning the fiber connector, see "Checking and Cleaning the Optical Fiber Connectors" in the Supporting Task. l If the received optical power is excessively high, check whether the attenuator is normal or add an attenuator on the ODF side. Refer to Reference Information and Step 5 to determine the value of the attenuator.
Step 7 Repeat Steps 1-6 until the test value is within the proper range. Step 8 Restore the fiber connection to the optical interface after the test value is within the proper range. ----End
4.8 Testing Board Protection Switching

The board protection realizes the protection of services. To prevent the failure of service switching, the board protection switching function must be normal. This topic describes how to test the board protection switching function. 4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces The TPS function is configured to protect services. For this purpose, the TPS protection switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the TPS. 4.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and Timing Board The 1+1 protection is configured on the cross-connect and timing board. For this purpose, the switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing board. 4.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC Board The 1+1 protection is configured to protect the GSCC board. For this purpose, the protection switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC board. 4.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies The equipment supports 1+1 hot backup for the power supply. In the case that the power supply is configured with active/standby protection, you need to check whether the switching is normal.
4.8.1 Testing the TPS of the Electrical Interfaces

The TPS function is configured to protect services. For this purpose, the TPS protection switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the TPS.
Prerequisite
The operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be complete.

U2000 LCT, attenuator, fiber jumper, BER tester

Figure 4-9 shows how the signal flows of the TPS. Figure 4-10 shows the actual TPS connection. In this test, the PQ1 board in slot 1 protects the PQ1 board in slots 2 and 3. In the actual commissioning, the board configuration may be different from the board configuration in this test but the test method is still similar. Figure 4-9 Signal flow of the TPS
SDH analyzer PRBS generator BER test Interface board Working board Protection board Cross-connect unit Optical interface board
Loopback
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Figure 4-10 TPS test connection

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 OptiX OSN 3500 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
DDF
BER tester D75S PQ1 AUX
Loopback
Optical attenuator
ODF
1 2 3 4 5
SL64
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
Procedure
Step 1 Use the U2000 LCT to configure the TPS on the tributary boards. 1. 2. 3. 4. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > TPS Protection from the Function Tree. Click Create, and the Create TPS Protection Group dialog box is displayed. Select a protection board. Select the working boards from Available Working Board List. Click to move the board to Working Board List. The WTR time is set to 600s by default. Click OK. 5. A dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation succeeds. Click Close. Step 2 On the ODF side, self-loop the transmit port and the receive port of the optical interface board.
NOTE
Select proper attenuators for self-loop according to the mean launched optical power and the overload threshold specified in Reference Information. Make sure that the mean launched optical power after being attenuated is 5 dB lower than the overload threshold but 3 dB higher than the minimum sensitivity.
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CAUTION
When performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, if the transmitted optical power is excessively high, add proper attenuators on the ODF side. Otherwise, excessive optical power causes damage to components. Step 3 According to Figure 4-10, connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with services configured. The BER tester displays no bit errors.
NOTE
Use the BER test to test 2 Mbit/s services. Use the SDH analyzer to test the services at the other rates.
Step 4 Set the pseudo-random code for the meter according to the rate of the configured service. Table 4-2 lists the relations of the service rate, code and pseudo-random serial code. Step 5 Observe the ACT indicators of the working boards and the protection board. The indicators of the working board should be steady green. The indicator of the protection board should be off. Step 6 Remove the working board. Observe the ACT indicator of the protection board. It should be steady green. Step 7 Observe the BER tester: l When switching the service becomes normal after a transient interruption, and the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors. l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error.
NOTE
After the TPS protection is configured, wait two minutes and then remove the working board to test switching because the protocol needs a certain period to obtain the physical type of the processing board. This period is not related to the restoring time.
Step 8 Insert the working board. When the STAT indicator is steady green, go to the next step. Step 9 Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Step 10 Choose Configuration > TPS Protection from the Function Tree. Click Query. A dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. Make sure that the switching state of the protected board is WTR. Step 11 Wait for ten minutes, and then query the switching state of the protection board again. The state should be Idle. Step 12 Observe the board indicator. The ACT indicator of the working board should be steady green. The ACT indicator of the protection board should be off. Step 13 Observe the BER tester: l When switching the service becomes normal after a transient interruption, and the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors. l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error. Step 14 Release the loopback set in Step 2. ----End
Related Information
For the TPS protection information about the related boards, see "Board Protection" of each board in "PDH Boards."
4.8.2 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the Cross-Connect and Timing Board
The 1+1 protection is configured on the cross-connect and timing board. For this purpose, the switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing board.
Prerequisite
l l Slots 9 and 10 should be installed with the cross-connect and timing boards. The operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be complete.

U2000 LCT, BER tester or SDH analyzer

Figure 4-11 shows the signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board. Figure 4-11 Signal flow of the 1+1 protection of the cross-connect and timing board
Working cross-connect and clock unit
SDH analyzer PRBS generator BER test Interface board

Tributary board
Optical interface board
Loopback
Protection cross-connect and clock unit
Figure 4-12 shows the connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing board.
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Figure 4-12 Connection diagram for the test of the 1+1 protection switching of the cross-connect and timing boards
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 OptiX OSN 3500 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
DDF
BER tester D75S PQ1
AUX Cross-connect and timing board
Loopback Optical attenuator
ODF
1 2 3 4 5
SL64
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
Procedure
Step 1 On the ODF side, perform a self-loop at the transmit port and the receive port of the optical interface board.
CAUTION
When performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, add proper attenuators on the ODF side if the transmit optical power is excessively high. Otherwise, excessive optical power causes damage to components. Step 2 Connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with services configured. The BER tester displays no bit errors. Step 3 Observe the ACT indicators of the cross-connect and timing boards in slots 9 and 10. The ACT indicator of the working board should be steady green.
NOTE
The Working Board is the cross-connect and timing board in slot 9, and the Protection Board is the crossconnect and timing board in slot 10. The Active Board is actually the cross-connect and timing board that is working.
Step 4 Run the U2000 LCT. Right-click the NE in the NE Information List pane, and select NE Explorer.
Step 5 Choose Configuration > Board 1+1 Configuration from the Function Tree. Select CrossConnect Protection Pair from 1+1 Protection List. Click Query. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. The queried Working Board should be the same as the Active Board. Step 6 Select Cross-Connect Protection Pair, and click Working/Protection Switching. The Confirm dialog box is displayed. Click OK. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt the operation is successful. Click Close. Repeat Step 5 for query. The queried Active Board should be the same as the Protection Board. Step 7 Observe the ACT indicator. In this case, the ACT indicator of the Working Board is off when the ACT indicator of the Protection Board turns green, which indicates that the switching is performed. The Protection Board becomes the Active Board. Step 8 Observe the BER tester: l When switching the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors. l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error. Which indicates that services are normal after switching. Step 9 Select Cross-Connect Protection Pair from 1+1 Protection List. Click Restore Working/ Protection. The Confirmation dialog box is displayed. Click OK. An Operation Result dialog box is displayed to prompt that the operation is successful. Click Close. Repeat Step 5 for query. The queried Active Board should be the same as the Working Board. Step 10 Observe the ACT indicator. In this case, the ACT indicator of the Protection Board is off when the ACT indicator of the Working Board turns green, which indicates that the switching is performed. The Working Board becomes the Active Board.
NOTE
The 1+1 protection switching on the cross-connect and timing boards is non-revertive. When the Protection Board becomes the Active Board, restore the cross-connect and timing boards to the original working/ protection state by removing the protection board or clicking Restore Working/Protection on the U2000.
Step 11 Observe the BER tester: l When switching the BER tester displays a small number of bit errors. l After switching the BER tester displays no bit error. Which indicates that services are normal after reversion. Step 12 Release the loopback that is set in Step 1. ----End
4.8.3 Testing the 1+1 Protection of the GSCC Board

The 1+1 protection is configured to protect the GSCC board. For this purpose, the protection switching must be normal. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC board.
Prerequisite
l l The equipment must be configured with two GSCC boards. The operations stated in section 4.4 Configuring NE Commissioning Data should be complete.
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BER tester or SDH analyzer, U2000 LCT

Figure 4-13 shows the connection for testing the 1+1 protection switching. Figure 4-13 Connection diagram for testing the 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 OptiX OSN 3500 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
DDF
BER tester D75S PQ1
AUX Cross-connect and timing board
Loopback Optical attenuator
ODF
1 2 3 4 5
SL64
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
Procedure
Step 1 On the ODF side, self-loop the transmit port and the receive port of the optical interface board.
CAUTION
When performing a self-loop on the optical interface board, add proper attenuators on the ODF side if the transmit optical power is excessively high. Otherwise, excessive optical power causes damage to components. Step 2 Connect the BER tester to the port of the tributary board with services configured. The BER tester displays no bit errors. Step 3 Observe the ACT indicators of the GSCC boards in slots 17 and 18. The ACT indicator of the Working Board should be steady green.

NOTE
The Working Board is the GSCC board in slot 18, and the Protection Board is the GSCC board in slot 17. The Active Board is actually the GSCC board that is working.
Step 4 Remove the GSCC board from slot 18. Then, the ACT indicator of the Working Board is off when the ACT indicator of the Protection Board turns green, which indicates that switching is performed. The Protection Board becomes the Active Board. Figure 4-14 Removing a board
Step 5 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester displays no bit errors, which indicates that services are normal after switching. Step 6 Insert the Working Board. Run the U2000 LCT. Choose Fault > Browse Event. Figure 4-15 Inserting a board
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Step 7 Wait five to ten minutes and the Refresh button turns red. Click Refresh. The NE reports the Board in Service event related to slot 18, which indicates that the Working Board is online. Step 8 Wait about five to ten minutes. Then, refer to Figure 4-14 in Step 4 to remove the Protection Board. Then, the ACT indicator of the Protection Board is off when the ACT indicator of the Working Board turns green, which indicates that switching is performed. The Working Board becomes the Active Board.
NOTE
l After being inserted back, the GSCC board first synchronizes data with the current working board. Hence, you need to wait about five to ten minutes, and then restore the working/protection state of the GSCC board. l The 1+1 protection switching of the GSCC boards is non-revertive. Restore the GSCC boards to the original working/protection state by removing the board or issuing the switching command on the NM.
Step 9 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester displays no bit errors, which indicates that services are normal after reversion. Step 10 Refer to Figure 4-15 in Step 6, and insert the Protection Board. Run the U2000 LCT. Rightclick the NE in the NE Information List pane. Select Browse Alarm. The U2000 LCT displays that the working GSCC board raises the BD_STATUS alarm, which indicates that the Protection Board is being reset. Step 11 Wait five to ten minutes and then select the alarm. Click Synchronize. If the alarm is cleared, it indicates that the resetting of the GSCC board is complete, and the GSCC board is in the working state. Step 12 Release the loopback that is set in Step 1. ----End
4.8.4 Testing the Switching of the Power Supplies

The equipment supports 1+1 hot backup for the power supply. In the case that the power supply is configured with active/standby protection, you need to check whether the switching is normal.
Prerequisite
The cabinet must be powered on. For details of how to power on the cabinet, see Powering on a Cabinet.

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Turn on the active power of the equipment by referring to Powering on a Subrack in Installation Guide. Ensure that the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board blink normally. Step 2 Turn on the standby power of the equipment. For details, refer to Step 1. Step 3 Turn off the switch of the active power. After the active power is cut off, check the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board.
Step 4 Turn on the active power of the equipment again, turn off the switch of the standby power, and then check the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board. For details about the indicators, see Indicators on the Cabinet and Alarm Indicators on the Boards.
NOTE
If the indicators on the cabinet and the power supply board blink normally and the equipment works normally after you switch off the active power or standby power, it indicates that active and standby power supply boards work normally.
----End
4.9 Checking Alarms of a Single NE

By checking the alarms generated on a single NE, you can check whether the equipment is working properly.
Prerequisite
l l The NE is reachable for the NMS. The configurations of the NE are performed.

U2000 LCT
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the NE icon in the Main Topology, and click Step 2 Select Auto Refresh. Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information. Check for equipment alarms, particularly the following types of alarms: BD_STATUS, BUS_ERR, FAN_FAIL, HARD_BAD, HARD_ERR, LASER_MOD_ERR, OUT_PWR_ABN, and TEMP_OVER. For details of the preceding alarms and how to clear these alarms, see the Alarms and Performance Events Reference and Troubleshooting. ----End .
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5 System Commissioning
5
About This Chapter
System Commissioning
This topic describes the commissioning items and methods of the system commissioning. 5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performed to make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper. 5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections Incorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and even services on live networks. Therefore, during a system commissioning, you must check the fiber connections of the entire network according to actual network topologies. 5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment The U2000 computer manages equipment by using the U2000 software. If the connection is improper, the U2000 cannot manage the NEs. To prevent the improper connection of the U2000 computer, check the connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment, and make sure that the connection is proper. 5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN Generally, you need not construct a dedicated management and control DCN network during the network planning process. You can use partial bandwidth on the service network to construct the management DCN. 5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network After checking the fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer, use the U2000 to create and configure the network. The purpose is to make sure that the U2000 can manage all NEs and fulfill the following network commissioning tasks. 5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions The software versions of the NEs must be queried and recorded so that the networkwide software versions are consistent. This topic describes how to query board software versions. 5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM
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In the case of NEs that do not have the NTP service configured, you need to check whether the NE time is consistent with the NM time, so that the NM can correctly record the time of alarm generation. Otherwise, manually synchronize the NE time with the NM. 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE By setting performance monitoring parameters of an NE properly and starting the performance monitoring for the NE, you can obtain the detailed performance record during the running of the NE. This facilitates the monitoring and analysis of the NE running status performed by maintenance personnel. 5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching It is critical for services to achieve clock synchronization on the entire network. To protect services against a clock failure, you need to test the clock protection switching and ensure that the clock protection switching can be performed normally in the case of network faults. 5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching The SDH network protection achieves the protection of SDH services. To prevent the failure of service switching on the SDH network, the network protection switching function must be normal. 5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network The protection switching schemes configured for a PSN network protect the services on the network. To ensure that the protection switching is normal in the case of a network fault, you need to test the protection switching schemes on the PSN network. 5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels When the network transmits the Ethernet over SDH (EoS) service, the availability of the EoS service channels must be tested. 5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels When a network transmits packet services, the availability of packet service channels must be tested. 5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services After configuring Ethernet services on a PSN network, you need to test Ethernet services to check whether the configuration is correct. 5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services Cross-domain services refer to the services that are transmitted from the TDM domain to the packet domain by using the EoD board. After configuring cross-domain services, you need to test whether the configuration is correct. 5.16 Testing CES Services After configuring CES services, you need to test connectivity of end-to-end CES services to ensure that they work properly. 5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels To test Ethernet service channels, you can perform a loopback on one side of Ethernet services and test whether packet loss occurs on the other side by using a Network Analyzer. 5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER The networkwide BER is tested at the end of the network commissioning. The test is performed to discover potential problems of service channels and to ensure service stability. This topic describes how to test the networkwide BER. 5.19 Testing Orderwire Orderwire includes the orderwire phone and the conference phone. The orderwire is tested to confirm that the network-wide orderwire and conference phones work normally.
5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms After the system commissioning is complete, you can check the alarms on the network. In this manner, you can find and rectify the faults on the network.
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5.1 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board

If the received optical power is excessively high or low, bit errors occurs on the equipment. Then, services are affected. More seriously, the equipment components may be even damaged. This topic describes how to test the received optical power of an interface. The test is performed to make sure that the received optical power of each interface is proper. Check whether the received optical power has been tested in the per-NE commissioning. If yes, skip this test. If not, refer to 4.7.2 Testing the Received Optical Power of an Optical Interface Board.
5.2 Checking the Networkwide Fiber Connections

Incorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and even services on live networks. Therefore, during a system commissioning, you must check the fiber connections of the entire network according to actual network topologies. 5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network Fibers are connected in different manners for different networking schemes on the SDH network. If fibers are connected improperly, errors may occur on the later commissioning. More seriously, the running services may even be affected. To avoid incorrect fiber connection, the network topology must be provided to check the fiber connection. This topic describes how to check fiber connection of the SDH network. 5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network Incorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and even services on live networks. Therefore, you must check the fiber connections of the entire network according to actual network topologies.
5.2.1 Checking the Fiber Connection of the SDH Network

Fibers are connected in different manners for different networking schemes on the SDH network. If fibers are connected improperly, errors may occur on the later commissioning. More seriously, the running services may even be affected. To avoid incorrect fiber connection, the network topology must be provided to check the fiber connection. This topic describes how to check fiber connection of the SDH network.
Prerequisite
l l The network topology must be known. The board must be seated and operate normally.

None.
Procedure
Step 1 Check the fiber connection at each site according to the network topology.
l Check the fiber connection of a two-fiber ring. See Figure 5-1. l Check the fiber connection of a four-fiber ring. See Figure 5-2. l Check the fiber connection of a non-protection chain. See Figure 5-3. l Check the fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS. See Figure 5-4. l Check the fiber connection of a 1:N (N14) linear MS. See Figure 5-5.
NOTE
Optical fibers in a ring network (two-fiber ring or four-fiber ring) are required to be connected in the direction of the primary ring. That is, the east line board at the local site is connected to the west line board at the opposite site.
Step 2 If you are on the commissioning site, check the indicators on line boards. The SRV indicator should not be red.
NOTE
If the SRV indicator does not turn red, it indicates that the optical interface can receive optical signals. If certain optical interfaces on the multi-interface board are not used, the SRV indicator should turn red. In this case, you can use the U2000 LCT to query alarms and to check whether the board works normally.
----End
NOTE
For easy illustration and configuration of two pairs of the optical interfaces at an ADM site, suppose the observer is standing outside the ring and facing the NE, the optical interfaces on the left is defined as west interfaces and the optical interfaces on the right are defined as east interfaces. Be default, services are sent in the east and received in the west.
Figure 5-1 shows the fiber connection of a two-fiber ring. Figure 5-1 Fiber connection of a two-fiber ring
West OUT IN OUT IN East West OUT IN OUT IN East
NE1
NE4
West OUT IN OUT IN
East
West OUT IN OUT IN
East
NE2
NE3
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Figure 5-2 shows the fiber connection of a four-fiber ring. Figure 5-2 Fiber connection of a four-fiber ring
OUT
OUT
NE1
NE4
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
IN West
IN East
IN West
IN East
NE2 OUT OUT
NE3 OUT OUT
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
IN
IN
IN West
IN East
West West East East
NOTE
If one end of the fiber is connected to the "OUT" port, the other end should be connected to the "IN" port of the interface board at the opposite end. If one end of the fiber is connected to the "IN" port, the other end should be connected to the "OUT" port of the interface board at the opposite end.
Figure 5-3 shows the fiber connection of a non-protection chain.
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Figure 5-3 Fiber connection of a non-protection chain
OUT IN
OUT IN
NE1
NE2
Figure 5-4 shows the fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS. Figure 5-4 Fiber connection of a 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS
OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN
NE1
NE2
Figure 5-5 shows the fiber connection of a protected 1:N (N14) linear MS.
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Figure 5-5 Fiber connection of 1:N (N14) linear MS

OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN IN IN OUT 1
OUT 2
......
......
......
OUT N IN NE2
OUT N IN
NE1
5.2.2 Checking Fiber Connections of a Packet Network

Incorrect fiber connections may affect service commissioning and configurations, and even services on live networks. Therefore, you must check the fiber connections of the entire network according to actual network topologies.
Prerequisite
l l The network topology is known. The boards are installed and operate normally.

U2000
Fiber Connection Diagram of a Packet Network

Figure 5-6 shows an example the fiber connections of a packet network.
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Figure 5-6 Fiber connection diagram

OUT IN OUT IN Port 1
Port 1
Port N NE1
Port N NE2
Procedure
Step 1 Check the fiber connection at each node according to actual network topologies. Step 2 If you are physically present on site, check the indicators on the front panel of the optical interface board. The SRV indicator should not be red.
NOTE
If the SRV indicator is not red, it indicates that the optical interface receives optical signals. In the case of a board that has multiple optical interfaces, the SRV indicator is steady red if certain interfaces are not used. In this case, you can query the alarms only on the NMS to determine whether the board works normally.
Step 3 Check for the ETH_LINK_DOWN and ETH_LOS alarms of NE1 and NE2.
NOTE
When the fiber connections are incorrect, the ETH_LINK_DOWN and ETH_LOS alarms are reported. In this case, reconnect the fibers to the interface in a correct manner. If the alarms persist, see the Alarms and Performance Events Reference.
----End
5.3 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment
The U2000 computer manages equipment by using the U2000 software. If the connection is improper, the U2000 cannot manage the NEs. To prevent the improper connection of the U2000 computer, check the connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment, and make sure that the connection is proper. The U2000 computer can be connected to the equipment in either of the following schemes. l l Direct connection: Use the cross-over cable. Indirect connection through a LAN: Use the straight-through network cable.
5.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment When the network port of the U2000 computer is directly connected to the ETH port of an NE, make sure that the network is a cross-over cable and the connection is proper. In addition, make
sure that the rates and duplex modes of the network ports of the interconnected ends are consistent. 5.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment Through a LAN When the network port of the U2000 computer is connected to the ETH port of the equipment through the LAN, make sure that the network cable is a straight-through cable and the connection is proper. In addition, make sure that the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of the equipment are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN.
5.3.1 Checking Direct Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment
When the network port of the U2000 computer is directly connected to the ETH port of an NE, make sure that the network is a cross-over cable and the connection is proper. In addition, make sure that the rates and duplex modes of the network ports of the interconnected ends are consistent.
Prerequisite
l l l l The U2000 computer must be connected to the NE through a network cable. The U2000 must be installed and the U2000 computer must be started. Make sure that the network adapter of the U2000 computer supports the adaptive mode. Make sure of the speed and duplex mode that the network adapter of the U2000 computer supports.

U2000
Context
Table 5-1 provides the modes, rates, and duplex modes that are supported by the ETH port of the OptiX OSN 3500. Table 5-1 Mode, speed, and duplex mode supported by the ETH port Parameter Mode Value Range l Adapt Mode l Fixed Mode Default Value Description Adapt Mode The ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 supports the adaptive mode and fixed mode. The default mode is the adapt mode. You can choose a speed only when the mode is set to Fixed Mode.
Speed
l l 10M l 100M
Duplex Mode
l l Half Duplex l Full Duplex
You can choose a duplex mode only when the mode is set to Fixed Mode.
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If the network port of the U2000 computer also supports the adaptive mode, and the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 has an intersection with those of the network adapter of the U2000 computer, normal communication can be created through auto-negotiation. If the network port of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode, you can manually set the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 to be consistent with those of the network adapter of the U2000 computer. In this way, normal communication can be created.
CAUTION
If the network adapter of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode and supports the full-duplex mode only, and when the ETH port of the equipment is in adaptive mode, the network adapter of the U2000 computer cannot respond to auto-negotiation. As a result, the ETH port of the equipment works in the half-duplex mode, which reduces communication efficiency.
Procedure
Step 1 Check the network cable. Make sure that one end of the network cable is connected to the ETH port of the PC and the other end to the ETH port of the AUX board. In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, the ETH port is installed on the AUX board. Figure 5-7 shows the position of the ETH port on the board. Figure 5-7 Direct connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment
Slot 37 AUX
PC
ETH ETH
Step 2 Remove the network cable. Observe the pin sequence at both ends. The network cable must be a cross-over cable because the U2000 computer needs to be directly connected to the NE. For details of the cross-over cable, see Crossover Cable in Hardware Description. Step 3 Insert the network cable back. Observe the indicators of the network port of the U2000 computer and the ETH port of the NE. The LINK indicator should be steady green and the ACT indicator should flash orange.
ACT
ETH
LINK
Step 4 Query the actual speed and duplex mode of the ETH port on the equipment. Make sure that the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the network adapter of the U2000 computer. 1. 2. Right-click the NE icon on the Main Topology, and select NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Select AUX from the Navigation Tree. Choose Configuration > Environment Monitor Configuration > Environment Monitor Interface from the Function Tree. Click . 3. 4. Select Network Card Speed And Communication Mode. Click Query. Check whether the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port on the equipment are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the network adapter of the U2000 computer. If not, refer to Crossover Cable in Hardware Description to set the rates and duplex modes to be consistent.
----End
5.3.2 Checking Connection Between the U2000 Computer and the Equipment Through a LAN
When the network port of the U2000 computer is connected to the ETH port of the equipment through the LAN, make sure that the network cable is a straight-through cable and the connection is proper. In addition, make sure that the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of the equipment are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN.
Prerequisite
l l l l The U2000 computer and the NEs must be connected to the LAN. The U2000 must be installed and the U2000 computer must be started. Make sure that the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN supports the adaptive mode. Make sure of the speed and duplex mode that are supported by the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN.

U2000
Context
Table 5-1 shows provides the modes, rates, and duplex modes that are supported by the ETH port of the OptiX OSN 3500. l If the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN also supports the adaptive mode, and the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 has an intersection with those of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN, normal communication can be created through auto-negotiation. If the network port of the U2000 computer does not support the adaptive mode, you can manually set the rate and duplex mode of the ETH port of OptiX OSN 3500 to be consistent with those of the interface of the switching equipment. In this way, normal communication can be created.
CAUTION
If the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN does not support the adaptive mode and supports the full-duplex mode only, and when the ETH port of the equipment is in adaptive mode, the interface of the switching equipment cannot respond to auto-negotiation. As a result, the ETH port of the equipment works in the half-duplex mode, which reduces communication efficiency.
Procedure
Step 1 Check the network cable. Figure 5-8 shows the connection. The U2000 computer and the equipment are connected to a LAN through the straight-through cable. In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, the ETH port is installed on the AUX board. Figure 5-8 Connection between the U2000 computer and the equipment through a LAN
Slot 37 AUX
PC
ETH Straight-through network cable PC
Straight-through network cable
ETH
LAN
Step 2 Remove the network cable. Observe the pin sequence at both ends. A straight-through cable is used to connect the U2000 computer to an NE through a LAN. SeeStraight Through Cable in
Hardware Description defines the pin sequence of the network cable connector and the mapping connection relation of the pins at both ends. Step 3 Insert the network cable back. Observe the indicators at the network port of the U2000 computer and the ETH port of the NE. The LINK indicator should be steady green and the ACT indicator should flash orange.
ACT
ETH
LINK
Step 4 Query the actual rate and duplex mode of the ETH port. Make sure that the rate and duplex mode of the ETH port are consistent with the rate and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN. 1. 2. Right-click the NE icon on the Main Topology, and select NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Select AUX from the Navigation Tree. Choose Configuration > Environment Monitor Configuration > Environment Monitor Interface from the Function Tree. Click . 3. 4. Select Network Card Speed And Communication Mode. Click Query. Check whether the speed and duplex mode of the ETH port are consistent with the speed and duplex mode of the interface of the switching equipment on the LAN. If not, refer to Straight Through Cable in Hardware Description to set the speeds and duplex modes to be consistent.
----End
5.4 Configuring the Inband DCN

Generally, you need not construct a dedicated management and control DCN network during the network planning process. You can use partial bandwidth on the service network to construct the management DCN. 5.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a Port The NM information can be transported through the inband DCN only when the DCN function is enabled for the ports at both ends of a link. 5.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCN Inband DCN packets can be transmitted by using the IP or HWECC protocol. 5.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCN The equipment communicates with the NMS through the inband DCN. The network management information is transmitted with the service information, and the equipment adds the default VLAN ID into the management information. You can adjust the bandwidth of the inband DCN according to the actual requirements.
5.4.4 Setting the NMS Access Parameters In the case of the traditional DCN network, the equipment accesses the NMS through the SCC board. The OSN equipment can also access the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernet board. When the OSN equipment accesses the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernet board, the OSN equipment can communicate with the NMS only after you set the NMS access parameters for the Ethernet board. 5.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing Table After the inband DCN protocol is configured, check the DCN routing table to ensure that the inband DCN configurations are consistent with DCN planning. 5.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCN This topic describes how to determine whether the specified inband DCN works properly by verifying the basic functions of the inband DCN.
5.4.1 Configuring the DCN Function of a Port

The NM information can be transported through the inband DCN only when the DCN function is enabled for the ports at both ends of a link.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with "NE operator" authority or higher.

U2000 LCT
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Communication > DCN Management from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the Port Settings tab. Step 3 In the corresponding Enabled Status field of the related port, select Enabled.
NOTE
When you configure an Ethernet service that exclusively occupies a port, disable the DCN function of the port.
5.4.2 Configuring the Protocol Stack Used by the Inband DCN

Inband DCN packets can be transmitted by using the IP or HWECC protocol.
Prerequisite

U2000 LCT
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Communication > DCN Management from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the Protocol Settings tab. Set Protocol Type of the corresponding port.
NOTE
Protocol Type is set to the IP protocol by default. The HWECC protocol is an internal protocol of Huawei. For communications between the OptiX OSN equipment, the IP protocol or the HWECC protocol can be used. For communications between the OptiX OSN equipment and the PTN equipment or the third-party equipment, only the IP protocol can be used.
5.4.3 Setting the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by the Inband DCN
The equipment communicates with the NMS through the inband DCN. The network management information is transmitted with the service information, and the equipment adds the default VLAN ID into the management information. You can adjust the bandwidth of the inband DCN according to the actual requirements.
Prerequisite

U2000 LCT
l If the default VLAN ID of the DCN conflicts with the VLAN ID used by the service, change the VLAN ID of the DCN manually. Ensure that all the DCN channels use the same VLAN ID. If the DCN packets do not use all the available bandwidth, the idle bandwidth can be shared with the service packets. It is recommended that you change the VLAN ID of the DCN on the non-gateway NEs before changing the VLAN ID of the DCN on the gateway NE. Otherwise, the non-gateway NEs may be unreachable to the NMS.
l l
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Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Communication > DCN Management from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the Bandwidth Management tab and set the parameters.
NOTE
l If you click Default, the corresponding parameter automatically takes the default value. l Generally, the default VLAN ID is recommended. When the VLAN ID used by a service conflicts with the VLAN ID used by a DCN channel, you can define another VLAN ID for the DCN channel. Ensure that the VLAN ID of the DCN channel is the same as the VLAN IDs of the other DCN channels.
5.4.4 Setting the NMS Access Parameters

In the case of the traditional DCN network, the equipment accesses the NMS through the SCC board. The OSN equipment can also access the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernet board. When the OSN equipment accesses the NMS through the network interface of an Ethernet board, the OSN equipment can communicate with the NMS only after you set the NMS access parameters for the Ethernet board.
Prerequisite

U2000 LCT
NOTE
l You need to set the NMS access parameters only when the equipment accesses the NMS by using an Ethernet service board. l By default, Enabled Status is Disabled.
CAUTION
When the DCN port is interconnected with the NMS, the IP address of the NMS computer and the IP address of the NNI on the equipment cannot be in the same network segment.
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Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Communication > DCN Management from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the Access Control tab and set the parameters.
5.4.5 Checking the DCN Routing Table

After the inband DCN protocol is configured, check the DCN routing table to ensure that the inband DCN configurations are consistent with DCN planning.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. Protocol Stack Type of the inband DCN is set to IP.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE and then choose Configuration CommunicationIP Protocol Stack Management from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the IP Route Management tab. In the tab page, click Query to query the IP routes.
NOTE
In the IP routing table, if all the NEs on which the protocol is set to the IP protocol on the same data communication network (DCN) are displayed, it indicates that the NEs communicate with each other normally.
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Table 5-2 Parameters in the IP routing table Parameter Destination Address Description Indicates the destination address of the IP packet to be transmitted.
NOTE The destination address cannot be the IP address of the local NE or a loopback IP address in the 127.0.0.0 network segment.
Mask
Indicates the subnet mask of the destination address of the IP packet.

NOTE The subnet masks of the NEs in the same network segment must be the same. Otherwise, routing errors occur.
Gateway IP Address Protocol Interface
Indicates the IP address of the gateway NE for the NE, or the IP address of the next hop for the IP packet. "DIRECT" indicates that the route is between the local NE and the neighboring NE. Indicates the interface that is used on the route. l Ethernet1, the Ethernet interface. "1" indicates the number of the Ethernet interface. l InLoopBack0, the loopback interface (that is, the interface whose IP address is 127.0.0.1). l Serial3, the PPP interface. "3" indicates the number of the PPP interface.
Hop Count Working Status
Indicates the maximum number of routers through which the packets are transmitted. Indicates whether the current IP route is available.
----End
5.4.6 Verifying the Configuration of the Inband DCN

This topic describes how to determine whether the specified inband DCN works properly by verifying the basic functions of the inband DCN.
Prerequisite
The inband DCN must be configured.
You can perform the verification according to the following aspects: l l On the U2000, create a non-gateway NE. After being created successfully, the non-gateway NE is reachable to the U2000 and can upload data to the U2000 normally. On the U2000, query the DCN management data of the non-gateway NE to check whether the configuration data of the inband DCN is correct.
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After you change the settings of the parameters for the NE, such as the DCN protocol mode, the DCN network communications is normal.
Procedure
Step 1 On the U2000, create a non-gateway NE. After being created successfully, the non-gateway NE can log in to and upload data to the U2000 normally.
NOTE
In the case of new equipment, set Gateway Type to Non-Gateway, and then set Affiliated Gateway to the gateway NE on the inband DCN.
Step 2 On the U2000, query the DCN management data of the non-gateway NE to check whether the configuration data of the inband DCN is correct. 1. 2. 3. Choose System > DCN Management from the Main Menu. Click the NE tab. Click Refresh and check whether the Communication Status of the non-gateway NE is Normal.
Step 3 After you change the settings of the parameters for the NE, such as the DCN protocol mode, the DCN network communications is normal.
NOTE
On the network where inband DCN communication is performed, the parameters of all the NEs must be the same. You need to change the parameters such as the DCN protocol mode of non-gateway NEs before changing the parameters such as the DCN protocol mode of the gateway NEs.
1. 2. 3. 4.
In the Main Topology, right-click the NE that you want to configure and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. In the NE Explorer, select the NE that you want to configure. Then, choose Configuration > Communication > DCN Management. Modify the parameters such as Bandwidth (Kbps) and Protocol Type. Click Apply. Then, the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful.
----End
5.5 Creating and Configuring the Network

After checking the fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer, use the U2000 to create and configure the network. The purpose is to make sure that the U2000 can manage all NEs and fulfill the following network commissioning tasks.
Prerequisite
The networkwide fiber connection and the connection of the U2000 computer to the equipment must be checked. The NMS server and NMS client are started.

U2000
Procedure
Table 5-3 lists the configuration procedure. For details on the configuration, see the Configuration Guide. Table 5-3 Configuration Process Configuration Process Logging in to the U2000 Creating an NE Configuring NE data Creating fibers Creating a topology subnet Configuring the equipment-level protection Configuring protection subnets Configuring clock Configuring orderwire Configuring SDH services (optional) Configuring protection groups (optional) Configuring Ethernet services Reference See "Logging In to the U2000 Client" in the Configuration Guide. See "Creating NEs" in the Configuration Guide. See "Creating the NE Data" in the Configuration Guide. See "Creating Fibers" in the Configuration Guide. See "Creating a Topology Subnet" in the Configuration Guide. See "Configuring the Equipment Level Protection" in the Configuration Guide. See "Configuring the Protection Subnet" in the Configuration Guide. See "Configuring Clocks" in the Configuration Guide. See "Configuring Orderwire" in the Configuration Guide. See "Configuring the SDH Services" in the Configuration Guide. See "MPLS Tunnel APS", "MPLS PW APS", and "Linear MSP" in the Feature Description. l To configure Ethernet services in packet mode, see "Configuring E-Line Services", "Configuring E-LAN Services" or "Configuring E-AGGR Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain) . l To configure Ethernet services in TDM mode, see "Configuring Ethernet Services" in the Configuration Guide (SDH Transport Domain) . Configuring crossdomain services Configuring CES services See "Configuring Cross-Domain Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain) . See "Configuring CES Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain) .
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NOTE
Before creating SDH services, delete the services configured for the per-NE commissioning.
5.6 Querying the Networkwide Software Versions

The software versions of the NEs must be queried and recorded so that the networkwide software versions are consistent. This topic describes how to query board software versions.
Prerequisite
The U2000 server and clients must be started normally.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Log in to the U2000. Refer to Querying the Board Information Report in Support Tasks to query the board information report.
NOTE
The software version information is mainly as follows: l BIOS version l Software version l Logic version l PCB version
Step 2 Record the BIOS version, software version, logic version, and the PCB version of the NE.
NOTE
If the versions of the NE software are inconsistent, the NMS will display the MSSW_DIFFERENT. To clear the alarm, see the Alarm and Performance Events Reference.
Step 3 Query and record the software versions of the other NEs. Compare the software versions of the boards. The software versions of the boards of the same type on the entire network must be the same. Otherwise, provide feedback to the local offices of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. immediately. ----End
5.7 Synchronizing the NE Time with the NM

In the case of NEs that do not have the NTP service configured, you need to check whether the NE time is consistent with the NM time, so that the NM can correctly record the time of alarm generation. Otherwise, manually synchronize the NE time with the NM.
Prerequisite
l l
5-22
The U2000 must be started at the center. You must be an NM user with "NE operator" authority or higher.
Maintenance Period
Daily
Tools, Equipment and Materials

U2000
Precautions
NOTE
Synchronizing the NE time does not affect services. Before synchronizing the NE time, verify that the system time on the NM server is correct. If you want to change the system time, exit the U2000 to reset the time and then start the NM again.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the Main Menu. Step 2 In the Object Tree, select one or more NEs and click Step 3 Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box. Step 4 Select one or more NEs in the list, right-click and choose Synchronize with NM Time from the shortcut menu. Step 5 Click Yes in the Time Synchronization Operation prompt box. Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box. ----End .
5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE

By setting performance monitoring parameters of an NE properly and starting the performance monitoring for the NE, you can obtain the detailed performance record during the running of the NE. This facilitates the monitoring and analysis of the NE running status performed by maintenance personnel.
Prerequisite
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher. NE time is synchronized with the U2000 server.
Impact on System
None.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Performance > Settings > Set NE Performance Monitoring Time from the Main Menu. Step 2 Select NEs from the NE list. Click .
Step 3 Set the performance monitoring parameters according to the requirements. 1. 2. 3. Select Enabled or Disablein Set 15-Minute Monitoringor Set 24-Hour Monitoring to enable/disable the monitoring of the NE performance. Optional: Select 15-Minuteor 24-Hour to set the monitoring period of the NE performance. Optional: Set the start time and end time of the performance monitoring.
NOTE
l The start time must be later than the current time of the network management system and the end time must be later than the start time. l If the end time is not set, this indicates that the performance monitoring starts from the start time and does not stop.
Step 4 Click Apply and click Close in the Operation Result dialog box. ----End
5.9 Testing the Clock Protection Switching

It is critical for services to achieve clock synchronization on the entire network. To protect services against a clock failure, you need to test the clock protection switching and ensure that the clock protection switching can be performed normally in the case of network faults. 5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching The SDH clock protection switching is performed to protect SDH clocks and to make sure that the SDH clocks of all NEs are synchronous. To prevent the SDH clock failure, you need to perform the SDH clock protection switching. 5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching The IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is used to protect IEEE 1588v2 clocks on the NE. It is critical for packet services to achieve the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization between the NEs on the entire network. To ensure normal switching of IEEE 1588v2 clock, you need to test the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching.
5.9.1 Testing SDH Clock Protection Switching

The SDH clock protection switching is performed to protect SDH clocks and to make sure that the SDH clocks of all NEs are synchronous. To prevent the SDH clock failure, you need to perform the SDH clock protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The clock parameters and clock protection subnet must be configured. For details, see "Configuring Clocks" in the Configuration Guide.
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U2000
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE and choose Configuration > Clock > Clock Source Switching from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the Clock Source Switching tab, and click Query to query the current switching status of the current clock source. Step 3 Remove the clock trace fiber of the NE (or shut down the laser). Query the current clock source switching status of the NE.
NOTE
If you cannot remove the fiber on site, use the U2000 to shut down the laser of the port. In this way, you can simulate a fiber cut. For the method of shutting down a laser, refer to Steps 2 and 3 in 5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching.
Step 4 Choose Fault > Browse Alarm List from the Main Menu. Click the Alarm Source tab in the Filter dialog box. Select the NE selected in Step 3 from the NE list, and click OK to query alarms. Normally, the SYNC_C_LOS alarm is reported.
NOTE
l If you shut down the laser in Step 3, the LASER_SHUT and the MS_RDI alarms also occur on the NE. l If other alarms occur, clear them by referring to the Alarms and Performance Events Reference.
Step 5 Restore the fiber connection of the NE (or turn on the laser).
NOTE
If you shut down the laser in Step 3, turn on the laser again, the icon of the LASER_SHUT and the MS_RDI alarms turn white, which indicates that the alarms are cleared.
Step 6 Repeat Steps 1-5 to complete the test of west clock switching of the NE. Step 7 Test the clock switching of the other NEs by using the same method. ----End
5.9.2 Testing the IEEE 1588v2 Clock Protection Switching

The IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is used to protect IEEE 1588v2 clocks on the NE. It is critical for packet services to achieve the IEEE 1588v2 clock synchronization between the NEs on the entire network. To ensure normal switching of IEEE 1588v2 clock, you need to test the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The clock parameters are configured for each NE and the clock protection subnet is created. For details, see "Configuring the IEEE 1588 V2 Time Synchronization and Clock Synchronization" in the Feature Description.

U2000

shows the connections for testing the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching. IEEE 1588v2 clocks are synchronized on all the NEs on the network. Figure 5-9 Connection diagram for testing IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching
NE4
NE1 NE3 NE2
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select NE1 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision Time Transmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab. In the tab page, set PTP protocol status to Disabled. Step 3 In the NE Explorer, select NE2 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision Time Transmission > Clock Interface Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 4 Click the Clock Source Priority Table tab. In the tabpage, click Query to query the the ID of the clock currently traced, and check whether the switching mode is normal. Step 5 Use the same method to check whether the IEEE 1588v2 clock protection switching is normal on NE3 and NE4. Step 6 After the protection switching test, select NE1 in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > High-Precision Time Transmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 7 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab. l Set PTP protocol status to Enabled. l Set NE time to 15/05/2010 12:10:00.
NOTE
The NE time is only an example, and you should set the time according to actual situations.
Step 8 In the NE Explorer, select NE2 and then choose Configuration > High-Precision Time Transmission > Basic Clock Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 9 Click the NE Parameter Configuration tab. In the tab page, click Query to check whether the NE time is the same as that of NE1. Step 10 Use the same method to check whether the NE time of NE3 and NE4 is the same as that of NE1. ----End
5.10 Testing SDH Network Protection Switching

The SDH network protection achieves the protection of SDH services. To prevent the failure of service switching on the SDH network, the network protection switching function must be normal. 5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching If the network is configured as a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by the working trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching. 5.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching If the network is configured as a four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by the working trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the four-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching. 5.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection Switching The linear MSP is configured to the network to protect services that are transmitted by the working trail. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching. 5.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection Switching The SNCP protection is configured to a network to protect services that are carried by the working trail. This topic describes how to test the SNCP protection switching.
5.10.1 Testing the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching

If the network is configured as a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by the working trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher. The two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see "Configuring the Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Services" in the Configuration Guide.

U2000, SDH analyzer
Background
The YD/T 1266-2003 standard specifies that 50 ms is the interval from the time the switching request is detected to the time the protection switching is complete. The ITU-T G.841 standard specifies the MSP switching cannot exceed 50 ms if the fiber length is within 1200 km. The test time by using the meters consists of the time for testing switching conditions, the time for completing switching, and the time for restoring the service.
When the switching is complete, the service is restored after the restoration time. The restoration time consists of the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber, and the time to pass through the equipment. Methods for testing the MSP switching include: l l Single-end loopback test Dual-end analyzer test
Compared with the dual-end analyzer test, the single-end loopback test requires the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber and the time to pass through the equipment after the MSP switching. The following configuration steps specify the differences between the single-end loopback test and the dual-end analyzer test.
Test Connection Diagram (Single-End Loopback Test)

Figure 5-10 shows the connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2NE3. Figure 5-10 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (singleend loopback test)
Loopback DDF DDF SDH Analyzer
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64 Slot 12 Slot 7 NE1 Slot 12 Slot 7 NE2 Slot 12 NE4 Slot 7
PQ1 SL64
Slot 12 NE3 Slot 7
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Test Connection Diagram (Dual-End Analyzer Test)

Figure 5-11 shows the connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2NE3. Figure 5-11 Connection for testing the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching (dualend analyzer test)
SDH Analyzer SDH Analyzer
DDF
DDF
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64
Slot 12 NE3 Slot 7
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the analyzer according to the connection diagram. l (Single-end loopback test) Connect the SDH analyzer to the PDH port of NE3. Loop back the PDH port corresponding to NE1 on the DDF side. At this time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal. l (Dual-end analyzer test) Connect the SDH analyzers to the PDH ports of NE1 and NE3. At this time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal. Step 2 Run the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection Subnet Maintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before the switching. Step 3 Test the ring switching. l Right-click the NE icon. Select NE Explorer. l Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function. Select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu.
l Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. Click Apply. After the dialog box is displayed, click OK. l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report the APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms, which indicate that an MSP switching occurs on the NE1 and NE2. Step 4 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the subnet, and check the current switching status of the two-fiber ring. One direction of NE1 and NE2 is displayed as Signal Fault Section Switching (near end), which indicates that the current switching is a section switching. Step 5 Refer to Step 3 to turn on the laser of the optical interface board that is shut down in Step 3. Step 6 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Step 7 Query and confirm the NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms reported by NE1 and NE2 are cleared, which indicates that the MSP switching on NE1 and NE2 is ended and that the service is restored. ----End
5.10.2 Testing the Four-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Ring Protection Switching

If the network is configured as a four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, services transmitted by the working trail can be protected. This topic describes how to test the four-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher. The four-fiber bidirectional MSP must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see "Four-Fiber MSP Ring with Non-Protection Chain" in the Configuration Guide.

U2000, SDH analyzer
Background
The YD/T 1266-2003 standard specifies that 50 ms is the interval from the time the switching request is detected to the time the protection switching is complete. The ITU-T G.841 standard specifies the MSP switching cannot exceed 50 ms if the fiber length is within 1200 km. The test time by using the meters consists of the time for testing switching conditions, the time for completing switching, and the time for restoring the service. When the switching is complete, the service is restored after the restoration time. The restoration time consists of the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber, and the time to pass through the equipment. Method for testing the MSP switching include:
l l
Single-end loopback test Dual-end analyzer test
Compared with the dual-end analyzer test, the single-end loopback test requires the transmission time for the service to pass through the optical fiber and the time to pass through the equipment after the MSP switching. The following configuration steps specify the differences between the single-end loopback test and the dual-end analyzer test.
Test Connection Diagram (Single-End Loopback Test)

Figure 5-12 shows the connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2NE3. Figure 5-12 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (single-end loopback test)
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64 Slot 12 Slot 11 Slot 8 Slot 11
NE4
PQ1 SL64 Slot 7
Slot 7 NE1 Slot 12
Slot 8 Slot 11
Slot 12 NE3
Slot 8 Slot 7
Slot 11 Slot 12 NE2
Slot 8
Slot 7
Test Connection Diagram (Dual-End Analyzer Test)

Figure 5-13 shows the connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured and the service trail is NE1-NE2NE3.
Figure 5-13 Connection for testing the four-fiber bidirectional MSP ring protection switching (dual-end analyzer test)
SDH Analyzer SDH Analyzer
DDF
DDF
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64 Slot 12 Slot 11 Slot 8 Slot 11 Slot 8
NE4
PQ1 SL64 Slot 7 Slot 8 Slot 11 Slot 11 Slot 12 Slot 8
Slot 7 NE1 Slot 12
Slot 12 NE3 Slot 7
Slot 7 NE2
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the analyzer according to the connection diagram. l (Single-end loopback test) Connect the SDH analyzer to the PDH port of NE3. Loop back the PDH port corresponding to NE1 on the DDF side. At this time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal. l (Dual-end analyzer test) Connect the SDH analyzers to the PDH ports of NE1 and NE3. At this time, the analyzer displays that the service is normal. Step 2 Run the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection Subnet Maintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before the switching. Step 3 Test the section protection switching. l Right-click the NE1 icon, and select NE Explorer. l Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function. Select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu. l Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. Click Apply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK. l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms.
l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report the APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms, which indicate that an MSP switching occurs on NE1 and NE2. Step 4 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the subnet, and check the current switching status of the four-fiber ring. One direction of NE1 and NE2 is displayed as Signal Fault Section Switching (near end), which indicates that the current switching is a section switching. Step 5 Refer to Step 3 to turn on the laser of the optical interface board that is shut down in Step 3. Step 6 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Step 7 Query and confirm the NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms reported by NE1 and NE2 are cleared, which indicates that the MSP switching on NE1 and NE2 is ended and that the service is restored. Step 8 Test the MSP ring switching. l Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status before the switching. l Refer to Step 3 to shut down the lasers of the optical interface boards in slot 11 and 12 on NE1. l Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. l Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect boards of NE1 and NE2 should report the APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms. l Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Select the corresponding four-fiber MSP subnet, and check the current switching status. One direction of NE1 and NE2 is displayed as Signal Fault Ring Switching (near end), which indicates that the current switching is a ring switching. Step 9 Refer to Step 3 to turn on the laser of the optical interface board that is shut down in Step 8. Step 10 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Step 11 Query and confirm the NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms reported by NE1 and NE2 are cleared, which indicates that the MSP switching on NE1 and NE2 is ended and that the service is restored. Step 12 Repeat Steps 1-9 to perform the test section by section. ----End
5.10.3 Testing the 1+1 or 1:1 Linear MS Protection Switching

The linear MSP is configured to the network to protect services that are transmitted by the working trail. This topic describes how to test the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and NM operator" authority or higher. The linear MSP must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see "Configuring 1+1 Linear MSP Services" and "Configuring 1:1 Linear MSP Services" in the Configuration Guide.
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U2000, SDH analyzer

Figure 5-14 shows the connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE2 is configured. Figure 5-14 Connection for testing the 1+1 or 1:1 linear MS protection switching
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64 Slot 7 NE1 Slot 12
PQ1 SL64 Slot 7 NE2 Slot 12
Procedure
Step 1 Assume that slot 7 is the working slot and slot 12 is the protection slot, connect the SDH analyzer to a service port of NE2 according to the previous connection diagram. Loop back the service port of NE1 at the DDF side. The analyzer displays that the service is normal. Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection Subnet Maintenance from the Main Menu to check the active/standby resources status before the switching. Step 3 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE1 icon, and select NE Explorer. Step 4 Select the optical interface board in Slot 7. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function, and select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu. Step 5 Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. Click Apply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK. Step 6 After the Operation Result dialog box is displayed, click Close.
Step 7 Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Step 8 Query the NE alarms. The cross-connect board should report the APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms. l If the switching scheme is set as Dual-End Switching, both NE1 and NE2 report these two alarms. l If the switching scheme is set as Single-End Switching, only NE2 reports these two alarms.
NOTE
The dual-end switching and single-end switching are intended for the 1+1 linear MSP. For the 1:1 linear MSP, no optional switching schemes are available. The protection switching scheme is the dual-end switching.
Step 9 Repeat Steps 2 to check the active/standby resources after the switching. Make sure that the switching is successful. Step 10 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to turn on the laser again. Step 11 Wait WTR time, and then observe the SDH analyzer. l Revertive mode: Revertive. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Query and confirm NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms are cleared. l Revertive mode: Non-Revertive. The meter displays that the service is normal. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms persist. Log in to the U2000. Choose Service > SDH Protection Subnet > SDH Protection Subnet Maintenance from the Main Menu. Select the corresponding linear MS protection subnet. Choose Start/Stop Protocol > Stop the Protocol Networkwide. Then, choose Start/Stop Protocol > Start the Protocol Networkwide. Click Query. Observe the state of the working channel. The state should be Normal. Query and confirm NE alarms. The APS_INDI and MS_APS_INDI_EX alarms are cleared. ----End
5.10.4 Testing the SNCP Protection Switching

The SNCP protection is configured to a network to protect services that are carried by the working trail. This topic describes how to test the SNCP protection switching.
Prerequisite
l l You must be a U2000 user with "NE and Network operator" authority or higher. The SNCP protection must be created and configured on the U2000. For details, see "Configuring Services on the SNCP Ring with a Non-Protection Chain" in the Configuration Guide.
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U2000, SDH analyzer

Figure 5-15 shows the connection for testing the SNCP protection switching. A 2 Mbit/s service from NE1 to NE3 is configured, and the service trail is NE1-NE2-NE3. Figure 5-15 Connection for testing the SNCP protection switching
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64
Slot 12 NE3 Slot 7
Procedure
Step 1 Assume that slot 12 is the working slot and slot 7 is the protection slot, connect the SDH analyzer to a service port of NE3 according to the previous connection diagram. Loop back the service port of NE1 at the DDF side. The analyzer displays that the service is normal. Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Right-click the NEs icon in the Main topology, and select NE Explorer. Step 3 Choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree. Check the active/ standby resources status before the switching. Step 4 Select the optical interface board in Slot 12. Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. Select By Function, and select Laser Switch from the drop-down menu. Step 5 Select the port where the laser needs to be shut down. Set Laser Switch to Close. Click Apply. After a dialog box is displayed, click OK.
Step 6 Observe the SDH analyzer. The analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. Step 7 Log in to the U2000. Query the abnormal events on NE3. If an SNCP Switching event is reported, it indicates that an SNCP switching occurs.
NOTE
When a site fails to receive the service, the SNCP switching occurs. The laser is shut down on NE1 in Step 3, but the site where the SNCP switching occurs is NE3 that cannot receive the service from the working channel.
Step 8 Refer to Step 2 to check the active/standby resources status after the switching. Make sure that the switching is successful. Step 9 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to turn on the laser again. Wait 10 minutes. l Observe the SDH analyzer. If the revertive mode of the SNCP is configured as Revertive, the analyzer should display that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The switching time should be less than 50 ms. l If the revertive mode of the SNCP is configured as Non-Revertive. Log in to the U2000. Right-click the NE3 icon in the Main topology, and select NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree. Choose Function > Forced Switching to Working. After the confirmation dialog box is displayed, click OK. After a prompt dialog box is displayed. Click Close. Choose Function > Clear. After the confirmation dialog box is displayed, click OK. After a prompt dialog box is displayed. Click Close. Choose Function > Query Switching Status. After a prompt dialog is displayed, click Close. Query the Current Status of the service, which should be Normal. ----End
5.11 Testing the Protection Switching Schemes on the PSN Network

The protection switching schemes configured for a PSN network protect the services on the network. To ensure that the protection switching is normal in the case of a network fault, you need to test the protection switching schemes on the PSN network. 5.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection Switching On the U2000, you can perform the MPLS Tunnel APS protection switching. The protection switching operations include the forced switching, exercise switching, manual to working, and manual to protection. 5.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APS The equipment supports MPLS PW APS. The switching commands include forced switching, exercise switching, manual switching to working, and manual switching to protection.
5.11.1 Test the MPLS Tunnel APS Protection Switching

On the U2000, you can perform the MPLS Tunnel APS protection switching. The protection switching operations include the forced switching, exercise switching, manual to working, and manual to protection.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The MPLS Tunnel APS must be configured.

U2000
NOTE
After the MPLS tunnel APS protection scheme is configured, the ping test function and traceroute test function in MPLS OAM cannot be used for the protection channel. Therefore, you need to ensure that the working tunnel and protection tunnel are normal.
Protection switching includes forced switching, manual switching, and exercise switching. l In the case of forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless the protection channel is responding to the bridge request of a higher priority. When the automatic switching fails due to some reason, the forced switching can be performed to restore the services. Commands for manual switching are valid only when there is no signal failure or signal degradation on the protection tunnel. In the case of manual switching, services can be manually switched to a working or protection tunnel. The exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched, and only the computation result of the protocol is displayed.
You can verify the MPLS Tunnel APS function according to the following aspects: l l l If a fault is generated on the network, the MPLS Tunnel APS can still be performed normally. If the protection group is set to the revertive mode, the service can be switched from the protection tunnel to the working tunnel after the WTR time expires. All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly.

see Figure 5-16, a 2 Mbit/s service is present between Node B and RNC. After the 2 Mbit/s service is encapsulated, it is transmitted through the working tunnel NE1-NE4-NE3 as shown in Figure 1. Because the 2 Mbit/s service has a high requirement for safety, a protection tunnel NE1-NE2-NE3 is created to protect the working tunnel. Then, the 1:1 protection is established between the two tunnels.
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Figure 5-16 MPLS test connection diagram

NE4
NE1 NodeB
PSN
NE3 RNC Working Tunnel Protection Tunnel
NE2
Procedure
Step 1 If a fault is generated on the network, the MPLS tunnel APS can still be performed normally. 1. 2. 3. Disconnect the working fiber. For example the fibre between NE1 and NE4. In the Main Topology, right-click the NE that you want to verify and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Choose Configuration > APS Protection Management in the Function Tree. In the pane on the right side, select the protection group that you want to verify. Then, click Function > Query Switching Status to check whether the service is switched from the working tunnel to the protection tunnel.
Step 2 If the protection group is set to the revertive mode and if the working tunnel recovers, the service can be switched from the protection tunnel to the working tunnel after the WTR time expires. 1. Reconnect the fiber that is disconnected in Step Step 1. After the WTR time expires, click Function > Query Switching Status to check whether Active Tunnel is the specified Working Tunnel.
Step 3 All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly. 1. Select the protection group that you want to verify and click Clear under Function. Then, click Query Switching Status under Function to check whether the command is issued successfully. Repeat the preceding steps to check whether all commands that trigger manual switching, such as Force Switching, Manual Switching to Working, Manual Switching to Protection, Exercise Switching, and Lockout of Protection are issued successfully.
2.
----End
5.11.2 Testing the MPLS PW APS

The equipment supports MPLS PW APS. The switching commands include forced switching, exercise switching, manual switching to working, and manual switching to protection.
Prerequisite
l
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The MPLS PW APS protection scheme is configured.

U2000
NOTE
After the MPLS PW APS protection scheme is configured, the ping test function in PW OAM cannot be used for the protection channel. Therefore, you need to ensure that the working PW and protection PW are normal.
Switching commands include forced switching, manual switching, and exercise switching. l In the case of forced switching, the state of the protection channel is not considered, unless the protection channel is responding to the bridge request with a higher priority. When the automatic switching fails due to some reason, the forced switching can be performed to restore the services. Commands for manual switching take effect only when there is no signal failure or signal degradation on the destination PW of the protection switching. In the case of manual switching, services can be manually switched to a working or protection channel. Exercise switching is used to test the APS protocol. In fact, the services are not switched, and only the computation result of the protocol is displayed.
You can verify the MPLS PW APS function in the following aspects: l l l When a fault is generated on the network, MPLS PW APS can be performed normally. All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly. When the protection group is set to the revertive mode, the service can be switched from the protection channel to the working channel after the WTR time expires.

A 2 Mbit/s service is present between the Node B and the RNC. After being encapsulated, the 2 Mbit/s service is transmitted through the working PW of NE1-NE4-NE3, as shown in Figure 5-17. A protection PW of NE1-NE2-NE3 is created to protect the working PW because the 2 Mbit/s service has a high requirement for safety. The two PWs form MPLS APS 1:1 protection. Figure 5-17 MPLS test connection diagram
NE4
NE1 NodeB
PSN
NE3 RNC Working PW Protection PW Tunnel
NE2
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Procedure
Step 1 When a fault is generated on the network, MPLS PW APS can be performed normally. 1. 2. 3. 4. Remove the optical fibers on the working channel, such as the optical fibers from NE1 to NE4. Right-click the required NE in the Main Topology, and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Choose Configuration > APS Protection Management from the Function Tree. Click the PW APS Management tab. In the tab page, select the required protection group and choose Function > Query Switching Status to check whether the switching is normal.
Step 2 When the protection group is set to the revertive mode and the working PW recovers, the service can be switched from the protection PW to the working PW after the WTR time expires. 1. Reconnect the optical fibers that are disconnected in Step 1. After the WTR time expires, choose Function > Query Switching Status to check whether the value of Working PW ID is the same as that specified. Select the protection group to be verified, and click Clear below Function. Then, click Query Switching Status below Function to check whether the command is issued successfully. Repeat the preceding steps to check whether all commands that trigger manual switching are issued successfully, such as Forced Switching, Manual Switching to Working, Manual Switching to Protection, Exercise Switching, and Lockout of Protection.
Step 3 All the commands that trigger manual switching can be issued correctly. 1.
2.
----End
5.12 Testing EoS Service Channels

When the network transmits the Ethernet over SDH (EoS) service, the availability of the EoS service channels must be tested. 5.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping Commands You can perform the test by connecting the laptops to both ends of the Ethernet service. In this way, you can test the availability of the Ethernet service channel. 5.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAM If the EoS service supports the ETH OAM function, the ETH-OAM function can be used to test the availability of the EoS service channels.
5.12.1 Testing EoS Service Channels by Using Ping Commands

You can perform the test by connecting the laptops to both ends of the Ethernet service. In this way, you can test the availability of the Ethernet service channel.
Prerequisite
l l
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You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The Ethernet services must be configured and the port attribute is set to "Access".

Two personal computers (PCs) on which the Windows operating system is installed, two straight-through cables

Figure 5-18 shows the connection for testing the Ethernet service channels. Figure 5-18 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels
PC 1 PC 2 NE4 NE5 NE1 NE3 NE2
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the network port of the PC to the Ethernet service port of the equipment according to the previous connection diagram. Step 2 Set the IP addresses for PC 1 and PC 2. The two IP addresses must be set in the same network section. l Set the IP address for PC 1. IP address: 192.168.0.100 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 l Set the IP address for PC 2. IP address: 192.168.0.101 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 Step 3 Choose Start > Run on PC 1 to display a dialog box. Enter the ping command: ping 192.168.0.101 -n 20000 -l 64 -t.
NOTE
Parameters for the Ping command: l -n Num: transit Num packets to the PC at the opposite end l -l Num: transmit buffer capacity is Num bytes l -t: continuously transmit ping packets
Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command.

l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal. l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that the Ethernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration of the Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.
NOTE
The values of time and TTL are associated with the actual test environment. The value discrepancy is normal.
----End
5.12.2 Testing EoS Channels by Using ETH-OAM

If the EoS service supports the ETH OAM function, the ETH-OAM function can be used to test the availability of the EoS service channels.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. EoS services are configured between sites.

U2000
In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, you can refer to the "Availability" about the ETH-OAM function in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the ETH-OAM function.
NOTE
Before testing the availability of the Ethernet service channels by using the OAM function, you must configure the OAM maintenance points on the two sites.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE icon and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Step 2 Select the Ethernet board in the Object Tree and choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree. Step 3 In the right pane, click OAM Configuration. The OAM Configuration dialog box is displayed. Step 4 Click New. Then, select New Maintenance Domain from the drop-down menu. Step 5 In the New Maintenance Domain dialog box, set Maintenance Domain Name and select Maintenance Domain Level. Step 6 Click New. Then, select New Maintenance Association from the drop-down menu. Step 7 In the New Maintenance Association dialog box, set Maintenance Domain Name and Maintenance Association Name. Step 8 Click New. In the New MEP Point dialogue box that is displayed, set the parameters.
Step 9 In Ethernet Service OAM, right-click the created Ethernet service maintenance point, and choose Performance Detect from the shortcut menu. Step 10 The Performance Detect dialog box is displayed. In Send Mode, select the specific mode. In Maintenance Point, set Source MP ID and Destination MP ID.
Step 11 Click Start Detect. The statistics of the performance is displayed in the Details. View the results of the statistics. Then, determine the performance of the service between the local equipment and the opposite equipment through Loss Ratio and Delay. Step 12 Change the length of the frame in Send Mode. Then, test and record the loss ratio and delay of the packets with the length of 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518 bytes. ----End
5.13 Testing Packet Service Channels

When a network transmits packet services, the availability of packet service channels must be tested. 5.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM Function If the equipment supports the MPLS OAM function, the MPLS OAM function can be used to test the availability of the tunnels. 5.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM Function If the equipment supports the PW OAM function, the PW OAM function can be used to test the availability of PWs.
5.13.1 Testing Tunnels by Using the MPLS OAM Function

If the equipment supports the MPLS OAM function, the MPLS OAM function can be used to test the availability of the tunnels.
Prerequisite
l l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The channels to be tested must be configured with static tunnel services. The configured static tunnel services must include services whose node type is ingress.

U2000
In the case of the OptiX OSN 3500, you can refer to the "Availability" about the MPLS OAM function in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the MPLS OAM function.
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click the NE icon in the Main Topology, and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Step 2 Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > Unicast Tunnel Management from the Function Tree. Step 3 In the right pane of the window, click the OAM Parameters tab. Step 4 Select the Ethernet service channel to be tested.
CAUTION
The OAM function can be used for the test only when the node type of the service over the selected channel is ingress. Step 5 Test the tunnel by using the ping function. 1. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Ping Test from the drop-down list.
2.
In the Ping Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start Test.
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3.
In the Test Result list, view the number of the transmitted and received packets, packet loss ratio, and information about the packet transfer latency. In this manner, you can determine the status of the tested tunnel.
NOTE
l Total of TX: 10. Indicates 10 packets are transmitted. l Total of RX: 10. Indicates 10 packets are received. l Lost Rate (%): 0. Indicates that the packet loss ratio is 0. l Min Delay (us): 16648. Indicates that the minimum delay is 16648. l Max Delay (us): 139263. Indicates that the maximum delay is 139263. l Avg Delay (us): 32241. Indicates that the average delay is 32241.
If the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets, it indicates that packet loss occurs. In this case, you can locate the fault by performing a traceroute test. Step 6 Optional: If a tunnel is faulty in the ping test, you can locate the fault by performing a traceroute test. 1. 2. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Traceroute Test from the drop-down list. In the Traceroute Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start Test.
3.
Check the information about the tunnel under test in the Test Result list. In this manner, you can determine the status of the tunnel.
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NOTE
l Replier: 130.9.70.37. Indicates the LSR ID of the termination node. l Delay (us): 29743. Indicates the delay information. l Type: 3 (1-ingress 2-transit 3-egress). Indicates the node type. l Downstream LSR ID: None. Indicates the next-hop LSR ID. If it is an Egress node, the LSR ID is none. l Downstream Label: Indicates the egress label of the next-hop tunnel. If it is an Egress node, the label is none. l TTL: 2. Indicates that the number of nodes that packets traverse. If an intermediate node is faulty, the Test Result list displays LSP Traceroute Overtime.
----End
5.13.2 Testing PWs by Using the PW OAM Function

If the equipment supports the PW OAM function, the PW OAM function can be used to test the availability of PWs.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. PWs are already configured on the inter-NE channels to be tested.

U2000
For the boards that support the MPLS OAM on the OptiX OSN 3500, see the "Availability" section of MPLS OAM in the Feature Description.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE icon and choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. Step 2 Choose Configuration > MPLS Management > PW Management from the Function Tree. Step 3 In the right pane of the window, click the PW OAM Parameter tab.
Step 4 Select the PW to be tested. Step 5 Test the PW by using the ping commands. 1. 2. In the lower right corner of the window, click OAM Operation and select Ping Test from the drop-down list. In the Ping Test dialog box that is displayed, set the parameters. Then, click Start Test.
3.
In the Test Result list, view the numbers of transmitted packets and received packets, packet loss ratio, and packet transfer latency. In this manner, you can determine the status of the tested PW.
NOTE
If the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets, it indicates that packet loss occurs.
----End
5.14 Testing Packet Ethernet Services

After configuring Ethernet services on a PSN network, you need to test Ethernet services to check whether the configuration is correct. 5.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the Ping Commands To test the availability of Packet Ethernet service channels, you can connect two laptops to both ends of Ethernet services and run the ping commands on the laptops. 5.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETH-OAM Use the Ethernet OAM function to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service to ensure that the Ethernet service works normally. This section describes how to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service by performing connectivity check (CC).
5.14.1 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using the Ping Commands
To test the availability of Packet Ethernet service channels, you can connect two laptops to both ends of Ethernet services and run the ping commands on the laptops.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The Ethernet services must be configured and the port attribute is set to "Access".

Two personal computers (PCs) on which the Windows operating system is installed, two straight-through cables

Figure 5-19 shows the connection for testing the Ethernet service channels. Figure 5-19 Connection for testing the Ethernet service channels
PC 1 PC 2 NE4 NE5 NE1 NE3 NE2
Procedure
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NOTE
Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command. l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal. l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that the Ethernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration of the Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.
NOTE
----End
5.14.2 Testing Packet Ethernet Service Channels by Using ETHOAM

Use the Ethernet OAM function to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service to ensure that the Ethernet service works normally. This section describes how to test the connectivity of the Ethernet service by performing connectivity check (CC).
Prerequisite
l l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The packet Ethernet service must be configured between sites. The Ethernet service must be configured with the Ethernet OAM.

U2000
In the case of the OptiX OSN equipment, you can refer to the "Availability" about the ETHOAM function in the Feature Description for details about the boards that support the ETHOAM function. As shown in Figure 5-20, ETH-OAM has two protocol applications (IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah) according to the application scenarios.
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Figure 5-20 Application of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah

IEEE 802.3ah IEEE 802.1ag IEEE 802.3ah
P Router1 CE1 PE1 CE2
P PE2 CE3 Router3
Router2
CE4
Access Layer Custom Layer
Access Layer Core Layer Custom Layer OptiX NE
IEEE 802.1ag It is used to test end-to-end Ethernet services, and is mainly used at the core layer of a network. For its detailed applications, see IEEE 802.1ag OAM.
IEEE 802.3ah It is used to test the connectivity and performance of a physical link, and is mainly used at the access layer of a network. For its detailed applications, see IEEE 802.1ag OAM.

Figure 5-21 shows the connection diagram for testing the connectivity of the Ethernet service.
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Figure 5-21 Connection diagram for Ethernet service connectivity test

MD MA
MEP 1
MEP 2
PSN RMEP: MEP2
RMEP: MEP1 MD: Maitenance Domain MA: Maitenance Associcuation MEP: Maitenance end point RMEP: Remote maintanence end point
Procedure
Step 1 On the Main Topology, select and right-click NE1, that is, the source end of the CC. In the shortcut menu, choose NE Explorer Step 2 choose Configuration > Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM Management from the Function Tree. Step 3 Select the NE1 in the NE Explorer, and select the MD, MA, and MEP that are related to the Ethernet service to be tested. Step 4 Click OAM > Activate CC. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful. Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box. Step 5 Disable the PW or NNI interface carrying the tested Ethernet service. l The tested Ethernet service is carried by the PW: Select the NE in the NE Explorer and choose Configuration > MPLS Management > PW Management from the Function Tree. Right-click the PW carrying the tested Ethernet service. In the shortcut menu, choose Disable. to display .
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The Warning dialog box is displayed. Click OK in the Warning dialog box. The Operation Result dialog box is displayed, indicating that the operation is successful. Click Close in the Operation Result dialog box. l The tested Ethernet service is carried by QinQ link or ports: Select the NE in the NE Explorer and choose Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree. In the General Attributes tab, set the Enable Port of the NNI interface carrying the tested Ethernet service to Disabled. Step 6 The EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS or ETH_CFM_LOC alarm occurs when the CC is used to test the sink NE (NE2).
NOTE
l The non-standard MP reports the EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS alarm. l The standard MP reports the ETH_CFM_LOS alarm.
Step 7 Enable the PW or NNI interface carrying the tested Ethernet service with reference to step 5. Check whether the EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS or ETH_CFM_LOC alarm is cleared at NE2, that is, the sink end of the CC. l If yes, it indicates that the unidirectional connection of the service is normal. l If not, it indicates that the unidirectional connection of the service is faulty. For details on how to handle the alarm, refer to Alarms and Performance Events Reference. Step 8 Test the connectivity of the Ethernet service in the other direction with reference to step 1 to 7. ----End
5.15 Testing Cross-domain Services

Cross-domain services refer to the services that are transmitted from the TDM domain to the packet domain by using the EoD board. After configuring cross-domain services, you need to test whether the configuration is correct. Based on the functions of the EoD board in cross-domain services, cross-domain services can be applied in the following scenarios: l Application 1 The EoD board receives and processes the EoS services from the TDM domain and then transmits the services to the packet domain. For details, see Configuration Example (Application Scenario 1).
Application 2 The SDH line board receives the EoS services from the TDM domain. Then, the EoD board processes the EoS services and transmits them to the packet domain. For details, see Configuration Example (Application Scenario 2).
Application 3 The EoD board receives and processes the SDH services from the TDM domain (including pure SDH services and EoS services) and then transmits the pure SDH services to the TDM domain and the EoS services to the packet domain. For details, see Configuration Example (Application Scenario 3).
Application 4 When functioning as a common line board, the EoD board receives and processes the SDH services (including pure SDH services and EoS services) from the TDM domain, but does not transmit the services to the packet domain.
You can test cross-domain services by using the following two methods. Test Method Using the ping commands to test crossdomain service channels Using loopbacks to test cross-domain service channels Application Scope This method is simple because it does not require any instrument or meter. Use this method to check the status of cross-domain service channels. This method requires the Network Analyzer. Use this method to measure the packet loss ratio on cross-domain service channels.
5.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain Service Channels For the cross-domain services, you can connect the test computers at both of the services and use the ping commands to test the cross-domain service channels. 5.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service Channels To test cross-domain service channels, you can perform a loopback on the access side of crossdomain services and test whether packet loss occurs on the convergence side by using a Network Analyzer.
5.15.1 Using the Ping Commands to Test Cross-domain Service Channels

For the cross-domain services, you can connect the test computers at both of the services and use the ping commands to test the cross-domain service channels.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. The services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see "Configuring Cross-Domain Services in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).

Two computers with Windows operating system installed

NOTE
The methods for testing various cross-domain services are the same. This section describes only a generalpurpose test model.
Figure 5-22 shows how to test the cross-domain service channels. Figure 5-22 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels
PC 1 TDM domain EDQ41 Packet domain
PC 2
NE3
NE2
NE1
NE1 NE2 NE3
OptiX OSN 7500 OptiX OSN 3500 OptiX OSN 1500
Procedure
NOTE
Step 4 Click OK to run the ping command.

l A window is displayed to provide the feedback "Reply from 192.168.0.101: bytes=64 time=1ms TTL=255". This information indicates the Ethernet channel is normal. l If the displayed window provide the feedback Request timed out, it indicates that the Ethernet channel is abnormal. Check the network cable connection and the configuration of the Ethernet service. Rectify the fault, and then continue the test.
NOTE
----End
5.15.2 Using Loopbacks to Test Cross-domain Service Channels

To test cross-domain service channels, you can perform a loopback on the access side of crossdomain services and test whether packet loss occurs on the convergence side by using a Network Analyzer.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. Cross-domain services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see "Configuring Cross-domain Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).

Network Analyzer, U2000

Figure 5-23 shows how to test cross-domain service channels. Figure 5-23 Connection diagram for testing cross-domain service channels
TDM domain EDQ41 Packet domain SmartBits 3-PEG8-1
2-EFS4-1
MAC inloop NE3 NE2 NE1
NE1 NE2 NE3

NOTE
OptiX OSN 7500 OptiX OSN 3500 OptiX OSN 1500
An inloop at the MAC layer is performed at the 2-EFS4-1 port on NE3. A SmartBits is connected to the 3-PEG8-1 port on NE1. In actual situations, you can select different ports at the access node and the convergence node and perform a test similarly.
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Context
CAUTION
l Ensure that only the commissioning engineers are present during the test. l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables without permission.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect a SmartBits to the 3-PEG8-1 port on NE1 according to the connection diagram. Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoring for NE1 and NE3. For details, see 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE.
NOTE
The performance monitoring is set to analyze and locate faults that occur during the test.
Step 3 Log in to the U2000. Perform an inloop at the MAC layer on the 2-EFS4-1 port of NE3. For details, see Setting a Loopback on an Ethernet Port. Step 4 Use the SmartBits to transmit and receive packets.
NOTE
l When the SmartBits transmits and receives packets for the first time, packet loss occurs due to MAC address learning. Therefore, it is normal that the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets. l In the tests after the first time, if the number of transmitted packets is the same as the number of received packets, the cross-domain service channels are normal. l If packet loss occurs during the tests, troubleshoot the fault and then perform 24-hour tests until the channels pass the tests.
----End
5.16 Testing CES Services

After configuring CES services, you need to test connectivity of end-to-end CES services to ensure that they work properly.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. CES services must be configured as required. For details, see "Configuring CES Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).

BER tester or SDH analyzer, the U2000

Figure 5-24 shows the connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES service. You can replace the SDH analyzer with a BER tester. Figure 5-24 Connection diagram for testing connectivity of CES services
Packet domain DDF NE1 Tx Rx NE2
Inloop
SDH analyzer
WARNING
l Only commissioning engineers are present during the test. l Do not touch the cable, unless necessary.
Procedure
Step 1 As shown in Figure 5-24, connect the CES service interface on NE1 to the BER tester. Step 2 Perform an inloop for the UNI that receives CES services on NE2 on the U2000. 1. 2. 3. In the Main Topology of the U2000, right-click the required NE and then choose NE Explorer from the shortcut menu. The NE Explorer window is displayed. Select the board that provides CES services. In the Function Tree, select the type of the interface that receives the CES services. If an E1 interface receives the CES services, choose Configuration > Interface Management > PDH Interface from the Function Tree. If an SDH interface receives the CES services, choose Configuration > Interface Management > SDH Interface from the Function Tree. 4. 5. 6.
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Click the Advanced Attributes tab and then select the interface to perform a loopback. Right-click the Loopback Mode field, and then choose Inloop from the shortcut menu. Click Apply.
Step 3 Perform a 24-hour bit error test.

NOTE
Set the coding to HDB3 and pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) to 2 15-1 for the signals transmitted by the BER tester. Set the BER tester according to the encapsulation method that the CES services adopt and the frame format that the E1 interface adopts. l If the CES services adopt the SATop method, you need to enable the BER tester to transmit unframed signals, double-frame signals, or CRC-4 multiframe signals. l If the CES services adopt the CESoPSN method and the interface adopts the double-frame format, you need to enable the BER tester to transmit double-frame signals. l If the CES services adopt the CESoPSN method and the interface adopts the CRC-4 multiframe format, you need to enable the BER tester to transmit CRC-4 multiframe signals.
Step 4 Test the performance of the CES services. That is, check whether bit errors occur in the CES services in the 24-hour period. Step 5 Check for the alarms associated with the CES services. If there is any, see the Alarms and Performance Events Reference and Troubleshooting to clear the alarms. Step 6 Repeat Step 3 to Step 4 to perform the 24-hour bit error test again. Step 7 Release the inloop that is set on the interface on NE2. For details, see Step 2. Step 8 Reconnect the cable to the CES service interface on NE1. Step 9 Repeat Step 1 to Step 8 to test the CES services on all the other 2 Mbit/s interfaces on NE1 and NE2. Step 10 Repeat Step 1 to Step 9 to test connectivity of the CES services on the other NEs. ----End
5.17 Testing Packet Loss on Cross-domian Service Channels

To test Ethernet service channels, you can perform a loopback on one side of Ethernet services and test whether packet loss occurs on the other side by using a Network Analyzer.
Prerequisite
l l You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher. Ethernet services are configured according to actual situations. For details, see "Configuring Ethernet Services" in the Configuration Guide (Packet Transport Domain).

Network Analyzer, U2000

Figure 5-25 shows how to test Ethernet service channels.
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Figure 5-25 Connection diagram for testing packet loss on Ethernet service channels
Dual-domain/ TDM domain/ Packet domain network MAC inloop NE1 NE2
SmartBits
NOTE
The connection diagram services as a network model. The test can be performed in different manners on the TDM network, PSN network, and dual-domian (TDM domian and packet domian) network. In this example, an inloop at the MAC layer is performed on an Ethernet port of NE1 and a SmartBits is connected to an Ethernet port on NE2.
Context
CAUTION
l Ensure that only the commissioning engineers are present during the test. l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables without permission.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect a SmartBits to an Ethernet port on NE2 according to the connection diagram. Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoring for NE1 and NE2. For details, see 5.8 Enabling, Disabling and Setting Performance Monitoring of the NE.
NOTE
Step 3 Log in to the U2000. Perform an inloop at the MAC layer on an Ethernet port of NE1. For details, see Setting a Loopback on an Ethernet Port. Step 4 Use the SmartBits to transmit and receive packets.
NOTE
l When the SmartBits transmits and receives packets for the first time, packet loss occurs due to MAC address learning. Therefore, it is normal that the number of transmitted packets is different from the number of received packets. l In the tests after the first time, if the number of transmitted packets is the same as the number of received packets, the cross-domian service channels are normal. l If packet loss occurs during the tests, troubleshoot the fault and then perform 24-hour tests until the channels pass the tests.
----End
5.18 Testing the Point-to-Point BER

The networkwide BER is tested at the end of the network commissioning. The test is performed to discover potential problems of service channels and to ensure service stability. This topic describes how to test the networkwide BER.
Prerequisite
l l You must be a U2000 user with the "NE and network operator" authority or higher. Configure SDH services as required. For details, see "Configuring SDH Services" in the Configuration Guide.

SDH analyzer, self-loop cables, fiber jumpers

Figure 5-26 shows the connection for testing the networkwide BER. It is assumed that 63 x 2 Mbit/s services are configured between NE1 and NE3. Connect all the 2 Mbit/s ports in a serial manner and connect them to the SDH analyzer, as shown in Figure 5-27. Perform an inloop at the DDF to the service port for the 63 x 2 Mbit/s services at NE1. Figure 5-26 Connection for testing the networkwide BER
D75S
D75S
PQ1 SL64
Slot 12 NE3 Slot 7
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Figure 5-27 Connecting 2 Mbit/s ports in a serial manner

SDH Analyzer DDF RX TX
RX TX
NOTE
This topic describes the BER test of 2 Mbit/s services. Test the BER of services at other rates by using the same method.
Precaution
CAUTION
l During the test, only authorized personnel can enter the test environment. l Do not touch optical fibers, wires, or cables at will.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the SDH analyzer to the service port of NE3 according to the previous connection diagram. At the DDF side, loop back all the service ports of NE1 that transmit 2 Mbit/s services. Step 2 Log in to the U2000. Use the U2000 to start the 15-minute and 24-hour performance monitoring for NE1 and NE3. For details about how to start the performance monitoring function, see the iManager U2000 Online Help.
NOTE
Step 3 Set the pseudo-random binary sequence for the meter according to the service rate. Table 5-4 provides the mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random binary sequence serial code. Table 5-4 Mapping relations of the service rate, coding scheme and pseudo-random serial code Service Rate (kbit/s) 2048
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Code HDB3
Pseudo-Random Serial Code 215-1

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Service Rate (kbit/s) 34368 44736 139264 155520
Code HDB3 B3ZS CMI CMI
Pseudo-Random Serial Code 223-1 215-1 223-1 223-1
Step 4 Set the meter to the "Print" state and perform the 24-hour BER test. Print the test result 24 hours later. The test result should show that no bit error occurs. Few pointer justifications are allowed. The number of justifications must be less than 6.
NOTE
For an MSP ring, perform 24-hour BER test for the working channel and 12-hour BER test for the protection channel. The test result should show that no bit error occurs. The number of pointer justification must be less than 6.
TIP
If the first 24-hour BER test shows that bit error occurs, perform another 24-hour BER test and rectify the fault. Continually perform the test until no bit error occurs.
----End
5.19 Testing Orderwire

Orderwire includes the orderwire phone and the conference phone. The orderwire is tested to confirm that the network-wide orderwire and conference phones work normally. 5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire Call This section describes how to check the orderwire phone communication between a certain station and any other station to ensure that the orderwire phones between the two stations work normally. 5.19.2 Testing the Conference Call This section describes how to check the conference call communication to ensure that the conference calls at all stations work normally.
5.19.1 Testing the Orderwire Call

This section describes how to check the orderwire phone communication between a certain station and any other station to ensure that the orderwire phones between the two stations work normally.
Prerequisite
The fiber connection of each station is fine. The orderwire phone must have been installed at each station and configured by using the U2000. Test personnel must be accessible on site when the orderwire phone is tested. The current line must not be occupied by a conference call.

U2000
Procedure
Step 1 On a station, dial the orderwire phone numbers of the other stations. There should be ringback tones. Step 2 Check the orderwire phone, to which a call is made, of every other station to see whether they ring. Step 3 Check the communication quality and make sure the voice is clear and has no noise.
NOTE
If the phone has been off hook but left unused for more than one minute, an audible alarm is generated for indication.
Step 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to test the orderwire of other stations. ----End
5.19.2 Testing the Conference Call

This section describes how to check the conference call communication to ensure that the conference calls at all stations work normally.
Prerequisite
The fiber connection of each station is fine. The orderwire phone must have been installed at each station and configured by using the U2000. The test personnel must be accessible on site when orderwire phone is tested.

U2000
The conference call involves the network-wide conference call and subnet conference call. l l The network-wide conference call covers all NEs on the network, and the conference call number can be set on the U2000. For example, 999. The subnet conference call covers only the optical interfaces that have the same subnet No. on the network. The subnet No. for the optical interface can be set on the U2000. The subnet conference call number consists of the subnet No., which replaces the first one or first two digits of the network-wide call number depending on how many digits the subnet No. consist of, and the remaining network-wide call number. For example, if the subnet No. is 3, the subnet conference call number is 399.
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Procedure
Step 1 On a station, dial the orderwire phone numbers of the other stations. There should be ringback tones. Step 2 Check whether the orderwire phones of the other stations ring. l l In the case of a network-wide conference call, the orderwire phones of all stations should ring. In the case of a subnet conference call, the orderwire phones of the stations that the subnet covers should ring.
Step 3 Check the communication quality and make sure that the voice is clear and has no noise.
NOTE
If the phone has been off hook but left unused for more than one minute, an audible alarm is generated for indication.
Step 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 to test the conference phones of the other subnets. ----End
5.20 Checking Networkwide Alarms

After the system commissioning is complete, you can check the alarms on the network. In this manner, you can find and rectify the faults on the network.
Prerequisite
l l The NE is configured, and the configuration data is uploaded to the NMS. You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.

U2000
Procedure
in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to display the Step 1 Click Browse Alarm List-[All Object]-Critical interface. You can browse the current critical alarms.
NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame to be acknowledged.
, it indicates that there are critical alarms
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there are new critical alarms to be acknowledged. The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared critical alarms. Keep the Browse Alarm List-[All Object]-Criticalwindow open when alarms are monitored.
Step 2 Select the new cleared alarms and check the alarm causes. Check whether these alarms indicate any probable faults by referring to the Alarms and Performance Events Reference and Troubleshooting.
Step 3 Select all the alarms and right-click Acknowledge. The cleared alarms disappear and are stored as history alarms. Step 4 Select the new uncleared alarms and then check the alarm causes. Handle the faults with reference to Troubleshooting manual. Step 5 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to browse the current major alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new major alarms.
NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame be acknowledged.
, it indicates that there are major alarms to
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there are new major alarms to be acknowledged. The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared major alarms. Keep the Browse Alarm List-[All Object]-Critical window open when alarms are monitored.
Step 6 Click in the upper right portion of the Main Topology of the U2000 to browse the current minor alarm, and follow Step 2 to Step 4 to check and handle the new minor alarms.
NOTE
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame be acknowledged.
, it indicates that there are minor alarms to
When the indicator is surrounded by a square frame and the square frame flashes, it indicates that there are new minor alarms to be acknowledged. The number in the middle of the indicator indicates the number of current network-wide uncleared minor alarms.
----End
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A
Terms and abbreviations are listed in an alphabetical order. A.1 Numerics A.2 A A.3 B A.4 C A.5 D A.6 E A.7 F A.8 G A.9 H A.10 I A.11 J A.12 L A.13 M A.14 N A.15 O A.16 P A.17 Q A.18 R A.19 S A.20 T A.21 U A.22 V A.23 W
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Glossary
A-1
A Glossary
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A Glossary
A.1 Numerics
1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic signal to be provided. IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network. IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network over two pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair (STP) wire. Defined in IEEE 802.3, it is an Ethernet specification that uses the twist pair with the maximum length of 100 meters at 10 Mbit/s for each network segment. A 1:N protection architecture has N normal service signals, N working SNCs/trails and one protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra service signal. Pulse per second, which, strictly speaking, is not a time synchronization signal. This is because 1PPS provides only the "gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does not provide the information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as the reference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions, 1PPS can also be used on other interfaces for high precision timing. Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.
100BASE-T 100BASE-TX
10BASE-T 1:N protection 1PPS
3R
A.2 A
ABR AC ACAP Active/Standby switching of crossconnect board Available Bit Rate Alternating Current The Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) operation provides orthogonal polarizations between two adjacent communication channels. If there are two cross-connect boards on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-up relation of each other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the cross-connect boards are in position, the one inserted first is in the working status. Unplug the active board, the standby one will run in the working status automatically. When the active cross-connect board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supply fails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect board can automatically take the place of the active one. A network element that adds/drops the PDH signal or STM-x (x < N) signal to/from the STM-N signal on the SDH transport network. See add/drop multiplexer See optical add/drop multiplexing
add/drop multiplexer ADM ADM
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A Glossary
Administrative Unit
The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order VC) and a AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the multiplex section frame start. One or more Administrative Units occupying fixed, defined positions in an STM payload are termed an Administrative Unit Group (AUG).An AUG-1 consists of a homogeneous assembly of AU-3s or an AU-4. A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of the EMLCore product. He has access to the whole network and to all the management functionalities. N/A Alarm Indication Signal A means of alerting the operator that specified abnormal condition exists. When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then, an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm. The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms. The alarms are reported to the N2000 BMS, which decides whether to display and save the alarms according to the filtering states of the alarms. The filtered alarms are not displayed and saved on the N2000 BMS, but still monitored. On the cabinet of an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the current status of the NE. When the green indicator is on, it indicates that the NE is powered on. When the red indicator is on, it indicates that a critical alarm is generated. When the orange indicator is on, it indicates that a major alarm is generated. When the yellow indicator is on, it indicates that a minor alarm is generated. The ALM alarm indicator on the front panel of a board indicates the current status of the board. (Metro)
Administrative Unit Group Administrator aging time AIS Alarm Alarm automatic report alarm cable alarm filtering
alarm indication
Alarm indication signal A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. The alarm report condition of the NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (not inverse, automatic recovery and manual recovery) setting of the NE and the alarm inversion status (Enable and Disable) setting of the port. When the alarm inversion mode of NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port will be reported as usual no matter whatever the inversion status of the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set to automatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to Enabled, then the alarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm inversion status of the port will automatically recover to "not inverse" after the alarm ends. For the port that has already been configured but not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. When the alarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not automatic recovery", if the alarm inversion status of the port is set as Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported. Alarms are detected and reported to the N2000 UMS, and whether the alarm information is displayed and stored is decided by the function of alarm masking. These alarms masked are not displayed and stored on the N2000 UMS. Alarm severity is used to identify the impact of a fault on services. According to ITU-T recommendations, the alarm is classified into four severities: Critical, Major, Minor, Warning.
Alarm Masking
Alarm Severity
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Alarm suppression ALS APS asynchronous Asynchronous Transfer Mode
When alarms of various levels occur at the same time, certain lower-level alarms are suppressed by higher-level alarms, and thus will not be reported. See Automatic laser shutdown See Automatic Protection Switching Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not dependent on timing. A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte header. See Asynchronous Transfer Mode See Automatic Transmit Power Control Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in decibels. See Administrative Unit See Administrative Unit Group A mechanism that enables devices to negotiate the SPEED and MODE (duplex or halfduplex) of an Ethernet Link. A function that enables the shutdown of the laser when the optical interface board does not carry services or the fiber is faulty. The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) function shortens the working time of the laser and thus extends the service life of the laser. In addition, the ALS prevents human injury caused by the laser beam. Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic. A method of automatically adjusting the transmit power at the opposite end based on the transmit signal detected at the receiver.
ATM ATPC attenuation AU AUG auto-negotiation Automatic laser shutdown
Automatic Protection Switching Automatic Transmit Power Control
A.3 B
backplane A backplane is an electronic circuit board containing circuitry and sockets into which additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be plugged; in a computer, generally synonymous with or part of the motherboard. A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for the purposes of database recovery in case that the database is faulty. The backup also refers to data synchronization between active and standby boards. A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate. Backward Defect Indicator See Bit Error Rate A component installed on two sides of the cabinet for binding various cables. The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of transparent polypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black nylon material).
backup
bandwidth
BDI BER Binding strap binding strap
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A Glossary
BIP
BIP-X code is defined as a method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is generated by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitored partition of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes the BIP-X. An error that occurs in some bits in the digital code stream after being received, judged, and regenerated, thus damaging the quality of the transmitted information Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used to measure the communications quality of a network. See Building Integrated Timing Supply Binding several seriel paths into a parallel path, thus improving the data throughput capacity. Bridge Protocol Data Unit A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges differs from repeaters because bridges store and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IP addresses. The process of sending packets from a source to multiple destinations. All the ports of the nodes in the network can receive packets. A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address. Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products that belong to the OSN series . That is, the OSN products can add or drop several wavelengths directly. A building timing supply that minimizes the number of synchronization links entering an office. Sometimes referred to as a synchronization supply unit. Backbone WDM System
bit error Bit Error Rate BITS bound path BPDU bridge
broadcast Broadcast BSC BSS Build-in WDM Building Integrated Timing Supply BWS
A.4 C
cabling cabling aperture Cabling frame cabling trough The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically assembled or twisted together. A hole which is used for cable routing in the cabinet. The frame which is used for cable routing over the cabinet. The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.
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A Glossary
captive nut
Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing. See committed access rate Channel Associated Signaling See Constant Bit Rate Committed Burst Size Co-Channel Dual Polarization Continuity Check Message Clock and Data Recovery See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has to aggressive sending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a connected device, and does not apply to end-systems. The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain terminal console. Connectivity Fault Management One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series. A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between two or more locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio (microwave), fiber or a combination of the three.The amount of information transmitted per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per second. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s (109 bit/s), and Tb/s (1012 bit/s). Committed Information Rate The circuit of the service port on the access device. Common and Internal Spanning Tree Class of service (CoS) is a technology or method used to classify services into different categories according to the service quality. Class of Service is abbreviated to CoS. CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packets according to the service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different priorities for them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the packets according to their priorities. A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services from the server.
CAR CAS CBR CBS CCDP CCM CDR CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance Centralized alarm system CFM Chain network channel
CIR Circuit CIST class of service Class of Service
client
Clock Synchronization Also called frequency synchronization, clock synchronization means that the signal frequency traces the reference frequency, but the start point need not be consistent. Clock tracing CLP CM The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a network. Cell Loss Priority See Configuration Management
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A Glossary
committed access rate
A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be defined. A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence. A command file for an NE which defines the configuration of the NE hardware. With the file, the NE can coordinate with other NEs in the entire network. Configuration data is the key factor for the normal running of the entire network. In a network, a system for gathering current configuration information from all nodes in a LAN. To set the basic parameters of an operation object. An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing network service efficiency. A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is bound to the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to the input of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point is characterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair. constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission. It refers to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a specific routing protocol. It functions to keep the network topology consistent. A process in which multiple channels of low-rate signals are multiplexed into one or several channels of required signals. A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in order to provide for the specific requirements of the convergence service user. In the context of message handling, a transmittal event in which an MTA transforms parts of a message content from one encoded information type to another, or alters a probe so it appears that the described messages were so modified. N/A See class of service See Class of Service Central Processing Unit See Cyclic Redundancy Check An alarm in unrecovered and unacknowledged state, unrecovered and acknowledged state, or recovered and unacknowledged state. Treatment measures must be taken on these alarms. Performance data stored in the current register. An NE provides two types registers for each performance parameter of the performance monitoring entity. The registers are 15minute register and 24-hour register, which are used to accumulate the performance data within the current monitoring period.
Concatenation Configuration Data
Configuration Management Configure congestion Connection point
Constant Bit Rate
convergence Convergence Convergence service Conversion
corrugated tube CoS CoS CPU CRC current alarm
Current Performance Data
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A Glossary
Cyclic Redundancy Check
A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values. Communications protocols such as XMODEM and Kermit use cyclical redundancy checking.
A.5 D
DC DCC DCD DCE DCN DDF DDN Defect demultiplexing Direct Current Data Communication Channel Data Carrier Detect Data Circuit-terminal Equipment Data Communication Network See Digital Distribution Frame Digital Data Network A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function. To separate from a common input into several outputs. Demultiplexing occurs at many levels. Hardware demultiplexes signals from a transmission line based on time or carrier frequency to allow multiple, simultaneous transmissions across a single physical cable. It is an aggregate of multiple managed equipments. Device set facilitates the authority management on devices in the management domain of the U2000. If some operation authorities over one device set are assigned to a user (user group), these operation authorities over all devices of the device set are assigned to the user (user group), thus eliminating the need to set the operation authorities over these devices respectively. It is suggested to design device set according to such criteria as geographical region, network level, device type, etc. Values for a 6-bit field defined for the IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers that enhance class of service (CoS) distinctions in routers.
Device set
differentiated services code point
Differentiated Services Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits Code Point 0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB according to the DSCP value. DiffServ Digital Distribution Frame Differentiated Services Digital Distribution Frame. A frame which is used to transfer cables.
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A Glossary
digital signal
A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of discrete statesfor example, high and low voltagesrather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream, as in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology, the 8 kHz sampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in length. Therefore, a digital signal is also referred to as a byte-based code stream. Digital signals, with simple structures and broad bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected by external interference. The distributed link aggregation group (DLAG) is a board-level port protection technology used to detect unidirectional fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end. In the case of a link down failure on a port or a hardware failure on a board, the services can automatically be switched to the slave board, thus realizing 1+1 protection for the inter-board ports. See Distributed Link Aggregation Group See Dual Node Interconnection A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are controlled. Distributed Queue Dual Bus See differentiated services code point See Differentiated Services Code Point Digital Subscriber Line Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer Data Set Ready Data Terminal Equipments Data Terminal Ready DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between the rings, in case of an interconnection failure scenario. Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Distributed Link Aggregation Group
DLAG DNI domain DQDB DSCP DSCP DSL DSLAM DSR DTE DTR Dual Node Interconnection DVB-ASI DVMRP DWDM
A.6 E
E-AGGR E-LAN E-LAN Ethernet-Aggregation Ethernet LAN A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as a Layer 2 switch. Ethernet line. An point-to-point private service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains. A component on the side of the subrack. It is used to install the subrack into a cabinet. See Embedded Control Channel
E-Line Ear bracket ECC
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A Glossary
EFM Embedded Control Channel EMS encapsulation Enterprise System Connection Entity
Ethernet in the First Mile An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer. Element Management System The technique used by layered protocols to add header information and possibly tail information to the protocol data unit. A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in a storage system. It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s. A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individually considered. For ETH-OAM, an OAM entity generally refers to a specified system or subsystem that supports the OAM protocol. For example, a Huawei Ethernet service processing board is an OAM entity. Ethernet Over Dual Domains See Ethernet Private Line Ethernet Private LAN Service See Enterprise System Connection See ElectroStatic Discharge Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap. A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/ s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..
ElectroStatic Discharge A sudden flow of electric current through a material that is normally an insulator.
EoD EPL EPLAN ESCON ESD ESD jack Ethernet
Ethernet Alarm Group The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statistics value to compare with the configured threshold. If the value exceeds the threshold, an event is reported. Ethernet Private LAN Ethernet Private Line Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers. A point-to-point interconnection between two UNIs without SDH bandwidth sharing. Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers.
ethernet virtual private An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over shared line service bandwidth, point-to-point connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer networks. ETSI EVPL Exercise Switching Exerciser - Ring European Telecommunications Standards Institute See ethernet virtual private line service An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The protection switching is not really performed. This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested channel without completing the actual bridge and switch. The command is issued and the responses are checked, but no working traffic is affected. The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying different network segments in a WAN. The extended ID and ID form the physical ID of the NE.
Extended ID
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A Glossary
extra traffic
The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not used for the protection of working traffic. Extra traffic is not protected.
A.7 F
Failure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been detected. For any link specified in a ring network, if the data packets transmitted by the source node are constrained by the fairness algorithm, the source node is provided with certain bandwidth capacities. This feature of RPR is called fairness. An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among stations in the case of congestion or overloading. An accidental condition that causes a functinal unit to fail to perform its required function. Fiber Channel See frequency diversity See fiber distributed data interface Forward Defect Indicator Fast Ethernet Code(s) used to select/activate a service feature (e.g. forwarding, using two or three digit codes preceded by * or 11 or #, and which may precede subsequent digit selection). See forwarding equivalence class See Forward Error Correction A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack. A new generation connection protocol which connects the host with various control units. It carries single byte command protocol through the physical path of fiber channel, and provides higher rate and better performance than ESCON. A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector). A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for highspeed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI provides specifications for transmission rates of 100 megabits (100 million bits) per second on networks based on the token ring network.
Fairness
fairness algorithm fault FC FD FDDI FDI FE feature code FEC FEC fiber Fiber Connect.
Fiber Connector
fiber distributed data interface
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A Glossary
fiber/cable
Fiber & Cable is the general name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physical entities that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission objects (user information and network management information) and perform transmission function in the transmission network. The optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cable transmits electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical fiber connection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable between SDH NEs represents the connection relation between NEs. At this time, the fiber/cable is of optical fiber type. See Fiber Connect First In First Out An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the T2000 or NE software, flow is a group of classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets that have the same quality of service (QoS) operation. At present, two flows are supported: port flow and port+VLAN flow. Port flow is based on port ID and port+VLAN flow is based on port ID and VLAN ID. The two flows cannot coexist in the same port. This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protection channel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards are satisfying a higher priority bridge request. A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected at the receive end.
FICON FIFO Flow
Forced switch
Forward Error Correction
forwarding equivalence A term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets with class similar or identical characteristics which may be forwarded the same way; that is, they may be bound to the same MPLS label. FPGA frame Field Programmable Gate Array A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements prespecified by the sending and receiving parties. An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled by servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode the clock has never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost external reference and has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previously connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference, or transition from it. Free-run terminates when the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference. A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading. File Transfer Protocol The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.
Free-run mode
frequency diversity
FTP Full duplex
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A Glossary
A.8 G
Gain The ratio between the optical power from the input optical interface of the optical amplifier and the optical power from the output optical interface of the jumper fiber, which expressed in dB. When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a router can be used to enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case, the IP address of the router is the gateway IP. Only the gateway NE requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannot identify the uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different TCP/IP networks. An NE may have multiple IP addresses, for example, one IP address of the network and one IP address of the Ethernet port. Gateway NE refers to the NE that communicates with the NMS via Ethernet or serial port line. The non-gateway NE communicates with the gateway NE via ECC and communicates with the NMS via the gateway NE. The gateway NE is a communication route that the U2000 must pass through when managing the entire network. The communication status between the gateway NE and the U2000 can be:(1) Normal: The current communication is efficient; (2) Connecting: The destination gateway responds, and the communication is interrupted but is being connected; (3) Disconnected: The destination gateway does not respond (Maybe the network cable is disconnected or not within the same network segment), and the communication is unreachable or the gateway is disabled manually. Gigabit Ethernet Generic Framing Procedure GFP is a framing and encapsulated method which can be applied to any data type. It has been standardized by ITU-T SG15. See Gateway Network Element Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Communications Generic Traffic Shaping Graphic User Interface
Gateway IP
Gateway Network Element
GE GFP GFP GNE GPS GSM GTS GUI
A.9 H
half-duplex handle Hardware loopback HDLC HEC History alarm
A-14
An operation mode of the Ethernet port. In half-duplex mode, a port can only send or receive data at a time. A component of the panel. It is used to insert or remove boards and RTMs in and out of slots. A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the input optical interface to the output optical interface of a board to achieve signal loopback. High level Data Link Control Header Error Control The confirmed alarms that have been saved in the memory and other external memories.
A Glossary
History Performance Data HP HPT
The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is autoreported and stored in the NMS. Higher Order Path Higher Order Path Termination
A.10 I
IC IDU IEEE IETF IF IGMP IGMP Snooping Integrated Circuit Indoor Unit Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force Intermediate Frequency See Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP proxy means that in some network topologies, the device does not set up the multicast routes, but to learn the information about the accessed multicast group members and forward it to the upstream multicast router. The upstream multicast router sets up the multicast routes. The IMA frame is used as the unit of control in the IMA protocol. It is a logical frame defined as M consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N links in an IMA group. The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which, when modulating the signal at an equipment input port, results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative, where these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30 second measurement intervals. The factors such as fiber cut, degradation of equipment, and removal of connectors may result in the loss of the optical power signals. The function of intelligent power adjusting (IPA) enables the ROP laser and booster amplifier (BA) of a section to be shut down automatically. In this way, the maintainers, their eyes in particular, can be protected for the exposed optical fibers when they are performing the repairs. The area for the interface boards on the subrack. The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting electrical interfaces and optical interfaces within the cabinet. The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group memberships. Internet Protocol In the TCP/IP protocol, it is used to uniquely identify the 32-bit address of the communication port, An IP address consists of a network ID and a unique host ID. An IP address consists of the decimal values of its eight bytes, separated with periods; for example,192.168.7.27. The IP Over DCC follows TCP/IP telecommunications standards and controls the remote NEs through the Internet. The IP Over DCC means that the IP over DCC uses overhead DCC byte (the default is D1-D3) for communication.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. A-15
IMA frame
Input jitter tolerance
Intelligent power adjusting
Interface board area Internal cable Internet Group Management Protocol IP IP address
IP over DCC
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A Glossary
IPA IS-IS ISDN ISO ISP IST ITU-T
See Intelligent power adjusting Intermedia System-Intermedia System Integrated Services Digital Network International Standard Organization Internet Service Provider Internal Spanning Tree International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization
A.11 J
Jitter jitter tolerance Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system instability. Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical power penalty at the optical equipment.
A.12 L
label Label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification. A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. A label is used to uniquely identify the FEC to which a packet belongs. A label does not contain topology information. It is carried in the header of a packet and does not contain topology information. See Link Aggregation Control Protocol See link aggregation group Local Area Network Link Access Procedure-SDH A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source. A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchically as successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transfer of its characteristic information. A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch. See Loopback Loopback Message Loopback Reply Lucent Connector
LACP LAG LAN LAPS Laser
Layer
layer 2 switch
LB LBM LBR LC
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A Glossary
LCAS LCD LCT License
See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Liquid Crystal Display See Local craft terminal A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific function, capacity, and durability of a product. A license can be a file or a serial number. Usually the license consists of encrypted codes, and the operation authority varies with different level of license. In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical connection between two topological nodes. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad) that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.
Link Link Aggregation Control Protocol
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link. Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LLC Local craft terminal The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements. Logical Link Control A single layer network management scheme that manages a transmission network consisting of a maximum of five NEs. In this way, the comprehensive management of the multi-service transmission network is achieved. Normally, the cross-over network cables and serial port cables are used to connect the local craft terminal (LCT) to an NE. Then, the LCT can configure and maintain a single NE. When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the working channel. Loss of frame Loss Of Multiframe A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors. Loss Of Signal When the performance event count value is smaller than a certain value, a thresholdcrossing event occurs. The value is the lower threshold. Lower Order Path Link State Pass Through Label Switched Path Label Switching Router Link Trace
Locked switching
LOF LOM Loopback LOS Lower Threshold LP LPT LSP LSR LT
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A Glossary
A.13 M
MA MAC Maintenance Association Maintenance Domain See Maintenance Association Medium Access Control That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance Entities. The network or the part of the network for which faults in connectivity are to be managed, belonging to a single administration. The boundary of a Maintenance Domain is defined by a set DSAPs, each of which may become a point of connectivity to a Service Instance. See Metropolitan Area Network A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability. A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at the boundary of an SDH network. A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the positions of the installation holes for the cabinet. Maximum Burst Size Message Communication Function Minimum Cell Rate See Maintenance Domain The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fibre by the transmitter. Maintenance End Point A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network. Management Information Base Maintenance Intermediate Point MOdulator-DEModulator Maintenance Point Maintenance Point Identification See Multi-Protocol Label Switch Multiplex Section Multiplex Section Adaptation
MAN Manual switching
Mapping Marking-off template MBS MCF MCR MD Mean launched power MEP Metropolitan Area Network
MIB MIP MODEM MP MPID MPLS MS MSA
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A Glossary
MSOH MSP MST MSTI MSTP MSTP MTIE MTU Multi-Protocol Label Switch
See Multiplex Section Overhead See multiplex section protection Multiplex Section Termination Multiple Spanning Tree Instance See Multi-service transmission platform See Multiple spanning tree protocol Maximum Time Interval Error Maximum Transmission Unit A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of networks, and is beneficial to routing. It is based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing, processing and transmitting TDM services, ATM services, and Ethernet services, and providing unified management of these services. A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast group rather than a host.
Multi-service transmission platform Multicast
Multiple spanning tree The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks protocol redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/ RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs. Multiplex Section Overhead multiplex section protection Multiplexing The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N signal. See SOH definition. A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel. A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.
A.14 N
N+1 protection NE NE Explorer A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection channel. See network element The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.
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A Glossary
network element
A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board. Network Segment means any discrete part of the Network. Normal Link Pulse Network Management System See network node interface Network Parameter Control Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Non Return to Zero code Network Service Access Point Network Time Protocol
network node interface The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with another network node. network segment NLP NMS NNI NPC nrt-VBR NRZ NSAP NTP
A.15 O
OA OADM OAM OAM auto-discovery See Optical Amplifier Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Operations, Administration and Maintenance In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled with the Ethernet in the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function, negotiate to determine whether the mutual EFM OAM configuration match with each other by sending and responding to the OAM protocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM configuration match, the two ports enter the EFM OAM handshake phase. In the handshake phase, the two ports regularly send the OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation. See Optical Channel Protection See Optical Distribution Frame Outdoor Unit Out-of-frame Second Overhead Access Function Optical Line Terminal The capability of many programs and operating systems to display advice or instructions for using their features when so requested by the user. Optical Network Unit Out of Frame A process that adds the optical signals of various wavelengths to one channel and drop the optical signals of various wavelengths from one channel. Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by means of the stimulated emission taking place in a suitable active medium.
OCP ODF ODU OFS OHA OLT Online Help ONU OOF optical add/drop multiplexing Optical Amplifier
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A Glossary
Optical attenuator
A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is used to ensure that the optical power of the signals received at the receive end is not extremely high. It is available in two types: fixed attenuator and variable attenuator. In an optical transmission link that contains multiple wavelengths, when a certain wavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength can be protected if the optical channel protection is configured. A component normally attached to an optical cable or piece of apparatus for the purpose of providing frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of optical fibers or cables. A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers. A component that connects several transmit or receive units. A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic communication system and measures the time history of the pulse reflection. A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations. Open Systems Interconnection Optical Switch Node Open Shortest Path First See Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Optical Transponder Unit. A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signals into the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength. The ranger of optical energy level of output signals. Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals. Orderwire, for example, would be considered overhead information.
Optical Channel Protection Optical Connector Optical Distribution Frame Optical Interface Optical Time Domain Reflectometer orderwire OSI OSN OSPF OTDR OTU Output optical power Overhead
A.16 P
Paired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the bus on the backplane. When the SCC unit is faulty or offline, the overheads can be passed through between the paired slots by using the directly connected overhead bus. When two SDH boards form an MSP ring, the boards need to be inserted in paired slots so that the K bytes can be passed through. When services are passed through, it indicates that transmission equipment does not process the service received and only detects the signal quality. A performance resource object defined in the network management system. The left end of a path is a device node whose port needs to be specified and the right end of a path is a certain IP address which can be configured by the user. By defining a path in the network management system, a user can test the performance of a network path between a device port and an IP address. The tested performance may be the path delay, packet loss ratio or other aspects. Path protection is a special case of fixed partitioning sub-path protection technique where every primary path is partitioned into only one sub-path (i.e., h = D, diameter of the network).
pass through Path
path protection
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A Glossary
PBS PC PCM PCR PDH PE Performance register
Peak Burst Size Personal Computer Pulse Code Modulation Peak Cell Rate See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Provider Edge. A PE is the name of the device or set of devices at the edge of the provider network with the functionality that is needed to interface with the customer. Performance register is the memory space for performance event counts, including 15min current performance register, 24-hour current performance register, 15-min history performance register, 24-hour history performance register, UAT register and CSES register. The object of performance event monitoring is the board functional module, so every board functional module has a performance register. A performance register is used to count the performance events taking place within a period of operation time, so as to evaluate the quality of operation from the angle of statistics.
performance threshold The performance threshold is a limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. When the measurement data satisfies the preset alarm threshold or exceeds the preset grads, the PM subsystem generates a performance alarm. Performance threshold Performance events usually have upper and lower thresholds. When the performance event count value exceeds the upper threshold, a performance threshold-crossing event is generated; when the performance event count value is below the upper threshold for a period of time, the performance threshold-crossing event is ended. In this way, performance jitter caused by some sudden events can be shielded. A few performance events only have one threshold, which is the special case that upper threshold and lower threshold are equal. Permanent Virtual Connection PGND PIM-SM PIR plesiochronous Traditional ATM Permanent Virtual Connection that is established/released upon a request initiated by a management request procedure (that is all nodes supporting the connections need to be instructed by the network management). Protection Ground Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode Peak Information Rate Qualifying two time-varying phenomena, time-scales, or signals in which corresponding significant instants occur at the same rate, any variations in rate being constrained within specified limits. Note: Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervals having durations which may vary without limit.
Plesiochronous Digital The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used in Hierarchy telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems. PLL Pointer POS Power box Phase-Locked Loop An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect to the frame reference of the transport entity on which it is supported. Packet Over SDH A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet.
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PPP PRBS PRC Primitive
Point-to-Point Protocol See Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Primary Reference Clock In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer applies for services from the lower layer or the lower layer transmits services to the upper layer, the data is exchanged between the user and the service provider. In this case, the data transmitted between adjacent layers is called primitive. The line, such as the subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are hired by the telecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special requirement of the user. The line is also called hired line. Generally, the switch device is not contained. A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, the cable is yellow and green. A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection. A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labelled protection. In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network level other than multiplex section rings or path protection rings. The protection sub-network involves NEs and fibre cable connections. The user interface, of the network management system, which is used to manage protection in the network. Packet Switched Power Spectral Density A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of the values of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences. See Permanent Virtual Connection Pseudo Wire Pseudo wire. A mechanism that bears the simulated services between PEs on the PSN (Packet Switched Network).
Private Line
protection grounding Protection path Protection service Protection subnet
Protection View PS PSD Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence PVC PW PW
A.17 Q
QoS Quality of Service See Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability, service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.
A.18 R
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RDI An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol. Remote Defect Indication
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A Glossary
Receiver Sensitivity Reference clock REG Regeneration Regenerator section overhead Remote optical pumping amplifier (ROPA) Resilient Packet Ring RF RFA RFI ring network RNC route router
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER. A reference clock is usually of high stability , accuracy and autonomy and it's frequency can be compared with other clock as a benchmark. A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals. The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits. The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH of the STM-N signal. An remote optical amplifier sub-system designed for applications where power supply and monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA subsystem is a power compensation solution to the ultra-long distance long hop (LHP) transmission. A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings. Radio Frequency Request For Announcement Request for Information A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals. Radio Network Controller A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/ IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically. Links a local network to a remote network. For example, your company's network probably uses a router to connect to the Internet. Can be used to connect a LAN to a LAN, a WAN to a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet. Rendezvous Point See Resilient Packet Ring In the asynchronous transfer mode and there is no hand-shaking signal. It can communicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations in point-to-point mode and the transmission is transparent. Its highest speed is 19.2kbit/s. The specification that defines the electrical characteristics of balanced voltage digital interface circuits. The interface can change to RS232 via the hardware jumper and others are the same as RS232. See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Radio Transmission Node Receiver
RP RPR RS232
RS422
RSTP RTN RX
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A Glossary
A.19 S
S1 byte In an SDH network, each network element traces step by step to the same clock reference source through a specific clock synchronization path, thus realizing the synchronization of the whole network. If a clock reference source traced by the NE is lost, the clock of this NE will trace another clock reference source of lower level. To implement protection switching of clocks in the whole network, the NE must learn about the clock quality information of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T defines S1 byte to transmit the network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality grades. The specific coding information is shown in the following table. Auto protection switching of clocks in the synchronous network can be implemented by using S1 byte and following the certain switching protocol. Storage Area Network Square Connector Sustainable Cell Rate See space diversity See Signal Degrade See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Serious Disturbance Period SDH Equipment Clock The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating points, between (i) a terminal network element and a regenerator or (ii) two regenerators. A terminating point is the point after signal regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or may be) done. Self-healing is the establishment of a replacement connection by network without the NMC function. When a connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is found by the network elements and rerouted depending on network resources available at that time. The ECC channel realized by means of serial port. A network device that provides services to network users by managing shared resources, often used in the context of a client-server architecture for a LAN. A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive end. Severely Errored Second Synchronous Equipment Timing Source Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user. See Signal Fail See SF Signal Fail. A signal that indicates the associated data has failed in the sense that a nearend defect condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
SAN SC SCR SD SD SDH SDP SEC Section
Self-healing
Serial port extended ECC server Service protection SES SETS settings SF SF SF
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A Glossary
SFP SHDSL
See Small Form-Factor Pluggable Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line
Side Mode Suppression The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest peak of the total Ratio source spectrum to the second largest peak. signal cable Signal Degrade Signal Fail Simple Network Management Protocol Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal cable. SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense that a degraded defect (e.g., dDEG) condition is active. SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active. A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management information between any two points. The polling mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control information about each device is maintained by a management information block. Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported within a cabinet or shelf. A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers. See Side Mode Suppression Ratio SubNetwork Connection See Subnetwork connection multipath protection See SubNetwork Connection Protection Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support sub-network connection protection that spans protection sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-network can support electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a timeslot out of the ring, thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The SNCP node is generally set on the node on the line board with the path protection type of the dual fed and selectively received. See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection See Simple Network Management Protocol Signal Noise Ratio A protection mode. The main and standby radios are set up in Hot Standby mode, but are connected to their own antennas. Both antennas, separated by a specific distance, are receiving the signal transmitted from the online radio at the other end of the lin
slide rail Small Form-Factor Pluggable SMSR SNC SNCMP SNCP SNCP node
SNCTP SNMP SNR space diversity
Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network. SPI SSM Synchronous Physical Interface See Synchronization Status Message
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A Glossary
SSU
Synchronization Supply Unit
Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM. STM-4 STP Sub-network number SDH Transport Module -4 See Spanning Tree Protocol It is used to differentiate the different network sections in the sub-network conference. Actually it is the first several digits (one or two) of the user phone number. An orderwire phone number is composed of the sub-network number and the user number. A logical entity in the transmission network, which comprises a group of network management objects. A subnet can contain NEs and other subnets. The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine, server or router and is matched with the IP address.
subnet subnet mask
Subnetwork connection The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is of N+1 protection. multipath protection That is, several backup channels protect one active channel in SNCMP. SubNetwork A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if Connection Protection the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required level. Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection Support Suppression state SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working channel is faulty, the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched over to the protection channel. A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm. Under suppression status, NE will not monitor the corresponding alarm conditions and the alarm will not occur even when the alarm conditions are met. Switching Virtual Connection There may be the case that several protected boards need to be switched; thus the tributary board switching priority should be set. If the switching priority of each board is set the same, the tributary board that fails later cannot be switched. The board with higher priority can preempt the switching of that with lower priority. It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the moment when the line is switched back to the original status after protection switching occurs in the MSP sub-network.
SVC Switching priority
Switching restoration time
Synchronization Status A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous Message timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold), and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.
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A Glossary
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and BISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure. A clock providing timing services to connected network elements. This would include clocks conforming to Recommendations G.811, G.812 and G.813.
Synchronous source
A.20 T
T2000 The T2000 is a subnet management system (SNMS). In the telecommunication management network architecture, the T2000 is located between the NE level and network level, which can support all NE level functions and part of the network level management functions. See also NM. A lite version of T2000. It is an element level management system for the optical transmission network. It can manage SDH, DWDM and Metro optical transmission equipment. See also LCT. In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the AU/TU management layer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte of POH overhead to monitor the quality of the transport channels on a transmission section (TCM section). See Tandem Connection Monitor See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Time Division Multiplexing N/A Trace Identifier Mismatch Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two devices are able to interconnect. Also called the moment synchronization, time synchronization means that the synchronization of the absolute time, which requires that the starting time of the signals keeps consistent with the UTC time. Terminal Multiplexer Telecommunications Management Network See Type of Service See Tributary Protection Switch A network level management function of the network management system. Through trail management, you can configure end-to-end services, view graphic interface and visual routes of a trail, query detailed information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trail quickly, manage and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms and performance data by trail, and print a trail report.
T2000 LCT
Tandem Connection Monitor TCM TCP/IP TCP/IP TDM tie wrap TIM Time Slot Time Synchronization
TM TMN ToS TPS Trail management function
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Transceiver Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol transparent transmission Tray Tributary loopback
A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having some circuits in common, often for portable or mobile use. Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the construction of worldwide internetworks. A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed in the content but encapsulated in the format for the processing of the next phase. A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis or other devices. A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of the tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes. 1. No loopback: It is the normal status. No loopback is needed when the equipment runs efficiently; 2. Outloop: When arriving at the line board after passing the input port in the local NE, the input signal is directly looped back to the service output end; 3. Inloop: The input signal is returned along the original trail from the tributary board of the target NE. Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board. An information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layer and the higher order path layer. It consists of an information payload (the lower order VC) and a TU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the higher order VC frame start. One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined positions in a higher order VCn payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG). TUGs are defined in such a way that mixed capacity payloads made up of different size Tributary Units can be constructed to increase flexibility of the transport network Time To Live Tributary Unit See Tributary Unit Group A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) that is used for quality of service (QoS). The TOS field is 8 bits, broken into five sub-fields.
Tributary Protection Switch Tributary unit
Tributary Unit Group
TTL TU TUG Type of Service
A.21 U
UART UAS UBR underfloor cabling UNI Unprotected Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Unavailable Second Unspecified Bit Rate The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor. See User Network Interface Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected, the services cannot be switched to the protection channel if the working channel is faulty or the service is interrupted, because protection mechanism is not configured. It refers to a sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of such configuration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for the subsequent trail management.
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Unprotected subnetwork
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A Glossary
Upload Upper threshold UPS Upward cabling User
An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the T2000. The configuration data then covers the configuration data stored at the T2000 side. The critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded. Uninterruptible Power Supply Cables or fibers connect the rack with other equipment from the top of the cabinet. A client user of the NMS. The user name and password uniquely identifies the operation rights of a user in the NMS. Universal Time Coordinated
User Network Interface The interface between a network and the user of network services. UTC
A.22 V
VB VBR VC VCG VCI Virtual concatenation Virtual Container Virtual Bridge Variable Bit Rate See Virtual concatenation Virtual Concatenation Group Virtual Channel Identifier N/A A Virtual Container is the information structure used to support path layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and path Overhead (POH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 or 500 s. A subset of the active topology of a Bridged Local Area Network. Associated with each VLAN is a VLAN Identifier (VID). The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet. See Virtual local area network Virtual Path Virtual Path Identifier See Virtual Private Network
Virtual local area network Virtual Private Network VLAN VP VPI VPN
A.23 W
Wait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic signal from. A period of time that must elapse from a recovered fault before an LSP/span can be used again to transport the normal traffic and/or to select the normal traffic from. Wide Area Network
Wait-to-Restore WAN
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Wander
The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their ideal position in time (where long-term implies that these variations are of frequency less than 10Hz). A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a bolt before the nut is screwed on. Wavelength Division Multiplexing. WDM technology utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fibre, uses multiple wavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in a single fibre.
washer Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelength protection The wavelength protection group is important to describe the wavelength protection group structure. Its function is similar to that of the protection subnet in the SDH NE. The wavelength path protection can only work with the correct configuration of the wavelength protection group. WDM WFQ Winding pipe Working path WRED WTR WTR See Wavelength Division Multiplexing Weighted Fair Queuing A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe. The channels allocated to transport the normal traffic. Weighted Random Early Detection See Wait-to-Restore See Wait to Restore Time
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Commissioning Guide (V200R011C00 02)

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

Updates in Release 02 (2010-11-01) Based on Product Version V200R011C00

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

About This Document

Updates in Release 01 (2010-07-20) Based on Product Version V200R011C00

Updates in Release 04 (2009-11-15) Based on Product Version V100R009C03

Updates in Release 03 (2009-09-30) Based on Product Version V100R009C03

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About This Document

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

Updates in Release 02 (2009-07-28) Based on Product Version V100R009C03

Updates in Release 01 (2009-05-08) Based on Product Version V100R009C03

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

2 Preparations for Equipment Commissioning.......................................................................2-1

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

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OptiX OSN 3500 Intelligent Optical Transmission System Commissioning Guide

1.1 General Safety Precautions

All Safety Precautions

Local Laws and Regulations

Basic Installation Requirements

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The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.

1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols

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DON'T TOUCH THE FAN LEAVES BEFORE THEY SLOW DOWN !

1.3 Electrical Safety

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High Leakage Current

Device with Power On

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1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas

1.5 Storage Batteries

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Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

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