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1. Explain the structure of Mathematical model in OR.

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Many industrial and business situations are concerned with planning activities. In each case of planning, there are limited sources, such as men, machines, material and capital at the disposal of the planner. One has to make decision regarding these resources in order to either maximize production, or minimize the cost of production or maximize the profit etc. These problems are referred to as the problems of constrained optimization. Linear programming is a technique for determining an optimal schedule of interdependent activities, for the given resources. Programming thus means planning and refers to the process of Search decision-making regarding Search History: action amongst several available particular plan of alternatives. Searching... Any business activity of production00 of 00 to be formulated as a mathematical Result activity model can best be discussed through its constituents; they are: 00 results for result for Decision Variables,

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parameters represent the controlled variables of the system.

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While formulating a problem the desire of the decision-maker is expressed as a

Subject to the constraints:

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unbounded solution? analysing a linear programming problem. Can a LPP have

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A LPP with 2 decision variables and can be solved easily by graphical method. We consider the plane where we plot the solution space, which is the space enclosed by the constraints. Usually the solution space is a convex set which is bounded by a polygon; since a linear function attains extreme (maximum or minimum) values only on boundary of the region, it is sufficient to consider the vertices of the polygon and find the value of the objective function in these vertices. By comparing the vertices of the objective function at these vertices, we obtain the optimal solution of the problem.

An Algorithm for solving a linear programming problem by Graphical Method: (This algorithm can be applied only for problems with two variables). Step I: Formulate the linear programming problem with two variables (if the given problem has more than two variables, then we cannot solve it by graphical method). Step II: Consider a given inequality. Suppose it is in the form . Then consider the relation . Find two distinct points (k, l), (c, d) that lie on the straight
line If , then . This can be found easily: If . Therefore , then

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