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AS 2327.1

Composite structures
Australian Standard™

Part 1: Simply supported beams

AS 2327.1—2003
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD-032, Composite
Construction. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
3 June 2003 and published on 18 August 2003.

The following are represented on Committee BD-032:

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Steel Institute
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Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia

Institution of Engineers Australia
Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia
University of New South Wales
University of Adelaide

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 99100.

 AS 2327.1—2003

Australian Standard™
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Composite structures

Part 1: Simply supported beams

Originated as AS 1480 Supplement 1—1974.

Previous edition AS 2327.1—1996.
Third edition 2003.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the
publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 5338 8
 AS 2327.1—2003 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee BD-032, Composite
Construction, to supersede AS 2327.1—1996 Composite structures in structural steel and
concrete, Part 1—Simply supported beams.
This revision incorporates a number of technical and editorial changes. The principal
differences are briefly outlined in the following:
1 Shear connectors:
(a) The value of the density reduction factor (k r), used in the calculation of the
design shear capacity (f ds) of shear connectors with lightweight concrete, has
been changed to equal 1.0 for welded-studs (since the effect of lower concrete
density is already taken into account in the calculation of nominal shear
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capacity (f vs) using Equation 8.3.2.1(2)), and a constant value of 0.8 for
channels and high-strength structural bolts.
(b) A procedure for calculating the nominal shear capacity (f vs) of channel or high-
strength structural bolt shear connectors during the initial part of Construction
Stage 5 when 15 ≤ f′cj < 20 MPa, previously omitted from AS 2327.1, has been
included, viz. at f′cj = 15 MPa, f vs equals 80% of the values given in Table 8.2
and Table 8.3 f′ c = 20 MPa, and linear interpolation is used for values of f′ cj
between 15 and 20 MPa.
(c) The Grade 300, 100 PFC (parallel flange channel) may now be used as a fully
equivalent shear connector to the Grade 250, 100 TFC (channel).
2 Open-rib and closed-rib profiles Distinction is made between open-rib and closed-
rib profile steel sheeting when designing the shear connection of the composite beam.
3 Welded stud locations Clause 8.4.2 clarifies that when automatically welded studs
are placed in the pans of sheeting ribs deemed to be perpendicular to the steel beam,
no more than two studs are permitted between adjacent sheeting ribs. New rules have
been written to allow shear connectors to be placed closer to steel ribs of closed-rib
profiles.
4 New reference material New reference material has been provided for designers
regarding the design of beams with large web penetrations and design for occupant-
induced vibrations.
5 Reinforcement fyr = 500. The maximum design yield strength has been increased to
500 MPa for the longitudinal shear reinforcement in the composite slab.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ are used in this Standard to define the application
of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a
Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
 3 AS 2327.1—2003

CONTENTS

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE......................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 GENERAL................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS................................................................................... 9
1.4 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................... 10
1.5 EXISITING STRUCTURES...................................................................................... 16
1.6 DESIGN INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 16
1.7 CONSTRUCTION..................................................................................................... 17
1.8 NOTATION............................................................................................................... 17
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SECTION 2 MATERIALS
2.1 STEEL ....................................................................................................................... 25
2.2 CONCRETE AND REINFORCEMENT ................................................................... 25
2.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................. 25

SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

3.1 DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 27
3.2 LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS............................................................................. 28
3.3 DESIGN FOR LIMIT STATES ................................................................................. 28

SECTION 4 ACTIONS AND DESIGN SITUATIONS

4.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 30
4.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGES ..................................................................................... 30

SECTION 5 EFFECTIVE SECTION AND DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS FOR STRENGTH

DESIGN
5.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 32
5.2 EFFECTIVE SECTION OF A COMPOSITE BEAM CROSS-SECTION ................. 32
5.3 CALCULATION OF DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS DUE TO DESIGN LOADS ..... 37

SECTION 6 DESIGN FOR STRENGTH

6.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 39
6.2 DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 39
6.3 POTENTIALLY CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS .................................................... 41
6.4 CALCULATION OF DESIGN VERTICAL SHEAR CAPACITY (φVu) AND
DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY (φMbv) AS A FUNCTION OF DEGREE OF
SHEAR CONNECTION (β) ...................................................................................... 42
6.5 CALCULATION OF MINIMUM DEGREE OF SHEAR CONNECTION β i AT
POTENTIALLY CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS .................................................... 42
6.6 DISTRIBUTION OF SHEAR CONNECTORS BETWEEN POTENTIALLY
CRITICAL CROSS-SECTIONS AND BEAM ENDS ............................................... 43

SECTION 7 DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY

7.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 45
7.2 DEFLECTION CONTROL........................................................................................ 45
7.3 CRACK CONTROL .................................................................................................. 47
7.4 VIBRATION CONTROL .......................................................................................... 47
 AS 2327.1—2003 4

Page

SECTION 8 DESIGN OF SHEAR CONNECTORS

8.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 48
8.2 SHEAR CONNECTORS ........................................................................................... 48
8.3 SHEAR CAPACITY OF SHEAR CONNECTORS ................................................... 50
8.4 DETAILING OF SHEAR CONNECTORS ............................................................... 52

SECTION 9 TRANSFER OF LONGITUDINAL SHEAR IN CONCRETE

9.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 60
9.2 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................... 60
9.3 DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 60
9.4 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR SURFACES ................................................................... 61
9.5 DESIGN LONGITUDINAL SHEAR FORCE (V*L).................................................. 65
9.6 NOMINAL LONGITUDINAL SHEAR CAPACITY (VL)......................................... 66
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9.7 TYPES 1, 2 AND 3 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ...................... 67

9.8 TYPE 4 LONGITUDINAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT......................................... 67

SECTION 10 DESIGN FOR FIRE RESISTANCE

10.1 REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................... 70
10.2 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................... 70
10.3 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY....................... 71
10.4 DETERMINATION OF LIMITING TEMPERATURE OF THE STEEL.................. 71
10.5 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS
ATTAINED FOR PROTECTED MEMBERS ........................................................... 71
10.6 DETERMINATION OF TIME AT WHICH LIMITING TEMPERATURE IS
ATTAINED FOR UNPROTECTED MEMBERS...................................................... 73
10.7 DETERMINATION OF PSA FROM A SINGLE TEST............................................ 74
10.8 THREE-SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITION..................................................... 74
10.9 CONNECTIONS AND WEB PENETRATIONS....................................................... 74
10.10 DETERMINATION OF PERIOD OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY BY OTHER
CALCULATION METHODS ................................................................................... 75

SECTION 11 CONSTRUCTION
11.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 76
11.2 CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE AND LOADS ........................................................ 76
11.3 STEELWORK ........................................................................................................... 76
11.4 FORMWORK AND FALSEWORK.......................................................................... 76
11.5 REINFORCEMENT .................................................................................................. 77
11.6 CONCRETE .............................................................................................................. 77
11.7 FIRE PROTECTION MATERIAL ............................................................................ 77

SECTION 12 LOAD TESTING

12.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 78
12.2 PROOF TESTING ..................................................................................................... 78
12.3 PROTOTYPE TESTING ........................................................................................... 79
12.4 TEST REPORTS ....................................................................................................... 80
 5 AS 2327.1—2003

Page

APPENDICES
A LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.................................................................. 81
B CALCULATION OF DEFLECTIONS BY SIMPLIFIED METHOD........................ 83
C SUGGESTED LIMITS FOR CALCULATED DEFLECTIONS................................ 90
D CALCULATION OF DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY (φMbv) AS A
FUNCTION OF DEGREE OF SHEAR CONNECTION (β)............................................ 91
E FLOW CHARTS ..................................................................................................... 107
F CONSTRUCTION STAGES AND MINIMUM CONSTRUCTION LOADS.......... 114
G DESIGN FOR FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE SLABS................................ 119
H INFORMATION FOR DETERMINATION OF ACTION EFFECTS ..................... 120
I BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES .................................................................... 123
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 AS 2327.1—2003 6

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Composite structures

Part 1: Simply supported beams

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
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This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, detailing and construction of
simply supported composite beams composed of a steel beam and a concrete slab
interconnected with shear connectors, including applications where the slab incorporates
profiled steel sheeting, as defined in Clause 1.2.
This Standard does not cover the design of composite beams—
(a) where the elements of the steel beam are less than 3 mm thick or the value of the
yield stress (f yb ) assumed in design exceeds 450 MPa (see Note 1);
(b) where the strength grade of the slab concrete exceeds 40 MPa;
(c) where the slab is precast or prestressed;
(d) with negative design moments (see Note 2);
(e) subjected to dynamic loads;
(f) for road or railway bridges (see Note 3); or
(g) for fatigue.
NOTE:
1 This does not preclude the use of steels with a minimum yield strength greater than 450 MPa.
2 For the design of composite beams with negative design moments reference may be made to
BS 5950:3:1990, Code of Practice for Design of Simple and Continuous Composite Beams.
3 For the design of composite bridge beams, reference should be made to HB 77 the AUSTROADS
Bridge Design Code.

1.2 GENERAL
1.2.1 Components
This Standard applies only to composite beams for which the components satisfy the
requirements specified in Clauses 1.2.2 to 1.2.5.
1.2.2 Steel beam
The steel beam shall be entirely below, but in contact with, the soffit of the concrete slab,
and shall be of structural steel, symmetrical about its vertical axis (i.e., doubly symmetric
or monosymmetric), suitably proportioned (see Note) and have one of the following forms
(see Figure 1.2.2)—
(a) a hot-rolled I-section, or channel section;
(b) a welded I-section;
(c) a rectangular cold-formed hollow section;

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