CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (A SURVEY OF WATER POLLUTION IN WARD NO. 91)

Name - SOUGATA BANERJEE Roll No. Registration No. 043-1121-0789-09 Paper 1 Session - 2011 - 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my Teachers who encouraged me for making this report, who gave their valuable inputs in preparation of the survey and preparation of the report.

They gave us valuable time from their busy schedule to help me by giving their suggestion and valuable insights in making this report effective.

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.4 5 2. OBJECTIVES6 - 8 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA... 9 4. METHOD OF STUDY.. 10 11 5. OBSERVATION 12 6. PHOTOGRAPHY.. 13 14 7. CONCLUSION 15

INTRODUCTION PERCENTAGE OF THE WATER BODIES OF THE EARTH

OCEAN 97% FROZEN ICE 2% POND 0.01% WATER VAPOUR 0.001% USABLE WATER 0.1% RIVER WATER - .003% PLANTS, ANIMALS ETC 0.18%

POLLUTION
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Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.

WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

OBJECTIVES
TO HAVE AN IDEA OF WATER POLLUTION
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Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries developed countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. In the most recent national report on water quality in the United States 45 percent of assessed stream miles, 47 percent of assessed lake acres, and 32 percent of assessed bay and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, and/or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water.

TO EXAMINE THE PROBLEMS OF THE POND

1. No proper care is taken to the respective pond 2. People cannot swim or bath due to contaminated water which contains many harmful bacteria, and viruses, which may lead to several harmful and potential diseases. 3. Dumping of garbage such as plastic, papers and others waste products are a serious concern to the pollution of the pond. 4. Sometimes due to improper care to this ponds leads to growth of small weeds from the water, which leads to the blockage of the areas of the ponds. 5. Due to this contaminated water an advantage is grown for the mosquitoes which lay eggs and creates harmful diseases like malaria, dengue.

TO SUGGEST SOME POSSIBLE MEASURES TO REMOVE PROBLEMS

1. Proper care is to be taken to the respective pond. 2. To prevent infectious disease the water body should be properly medicated. 3. Prevent dumping of sewage waste in ponds 4. Proper care should be taken for the growth of small weeds and water moss

Description of the area

Our area of study kakulias pond, which is situated just besides dhakuria(91 ward).The pond area was dumped with garbage and sewage water. Local people were finding it very hard with the contaminated water. Garbage is like plastic bags, papers etc was dumped regularly in to the water. The surrounding area was affected with an unhygienic atmosphere.

METHOD OF STUDY

Our group conducted the survey through a questionnaire along with the help of our teachers. FORMAT OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Which types of litter affected the area of the pond?

Plastic debris Cloth Paper Black and white polythene Flowers Garbage

2. What was the purpose of the pond water? Drinking Washing Bath Swimming

3. What were the problems which were faced by the people of the area? Diseases Contaminated water 4. How could the problems be rectified? Chlorination of water Routine clean up of the garbage TYPES OF LITTER
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No. of residents

Garbage Plastic debris Paper Black and white polythene Flowers Cloths

OBSERVATION

11

The pond area was dumped with garbage and sewage water. Local people were finding it very hard with the contaminated water. Garbage is like plastic bags, papers etc was dumped regularly in to the water. The surrounding area was affected with an unhygienic atmosphere. Several types of litter like garbage, plastic debris, paper, black and white polythene, flowers, cloths and etc are found in the area of the pond.

PHOTOGRAPHY

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KAKULIA POND

COLLECTING DATA FROM THE POND AREA

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INTERVIEWING A LOCAL RESIDENT ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF THE POND

OUR SURVEY GROUP

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CONCLUSION
The affected areas of the pond should be cleaned on a daily basis. People living on that area should be more concerned regarding the cleanliness of the pond, so that litters should not be dumped on the pond. Kolkata Corporation should be informed on a monthly basis regarding the cleanliness of the pond. In this way the pond can be cleaned and the area of the people will receive clean and hygienic environment from the pond. Thus in this way if the people looks after the cleanliness of the environment then the environment will look after us, and also it would decrease the water pollution.

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