(For educational purpose only) The given value that we have are:Grade of concrete used is Fck=25N/mm2 ( for M25

grade of concrete)Grade of steel used is Fy=415N/mm2 Shorter length of slab i.e slab in X direction lx=3000mm Longer length of slab i.e slab in Y direction ly=4000mm Given Live load is LL=4KN/m2 Given Dead load (beside the selfweight) is DL=0KN/m2 Given Floor finishing Load FL=0.65KN/m2 Now finding the ratio of ly and lx, ly/lx=1.33 Since the ratio (ly/lx)=1.33 is less than 2 so it is a Two way type of slabSelected type of slab i.e whether continuous or discontinuous= D kind of slabEffective depth of slab d=lx/30=100Taking the value to nearest multiple of 5 or 10 then d=100 mm /////////////// LOAD CALCULATION ///////////////Self weight per square unit=Volume*Unit weight of concrete=1*1*D*U where U is the unit weight of concrete and is assumed as U=25 KN/m2Self weight SL=3.25 KN/m2 Total load acting on the slab is W= DL+FL+LL+SLTotal load acting on the slab W=7.90 KN/m2Total factored load acting on the slab Wu=Factor of safety * W=1.50*7.90=11.85 KN/m2Since d is less than support width so the effective spans are...............................................Lefx=lx+d=3100 mmLefy=ly+d=4100 mmRatio of effective spans in X and Y direction i.e Lefx/Lefy=1.32For ratio of Lefy/Lefx=1.32,from Table 26 of IS-456,we get -ve alpha x i.e -ve ax=0.07For ratio of Lefy/Lefx=1.32,from Table 26 of IS-456,we get -ve alpha y i.e -ve ay=0.05For ratio of Lefy/Lefx=1.32,from Table 26 of IS-456,we get +ve alpha x i.e +ve ax=0.05For ratio of Lefy/Lefx=1.32,from Table 26 of IS-456,we get +ve alpha y i.e +ve ay=0.03As per ANNEX D of IS-456 Moment is calculated as : alpha value * load * square of effective lengthPositive moment in X direction(shorter span) for alpha positive i.e +ve ax M1=5.68 KN-mNegitive moment for alpha x negitive in X direction i.e -ve ax M2=7.56 KN-mPositive moment in Y direction (longer span) for alpha positive i.e +ve ay M3=3.99 KN-mNegitive moment in Y direction (longer span) for alpha negitive i.e -ve ay M4=5.35 KN-mShear force as per IS-456 Vu=((Wu*Lefx*r)/2)(1+r)=13.84 KN, where r=(Lefx/Lefy)^4=3.06Design Moment is the maximum of all the above moment caculated..'. Design moment=M=7.56 KN-mAs per IS-456 for Fy=415 N/mm2 we have Xu=0.48*d=48.00 //////////// AREA OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT /////////////From IS-456 we have ultimate moment as Mu=0.36*fck*1000*Xu*(d-(0.42*Xu))Putting all the respective values in the above equation we get Mu=34.49 KN-mSince Mu is less than M therfor we can design the slab as singly reinforcedFrom IS-456 we have M=0.87*Fy*Ast*d(1-((Fy*Ast)/(b*d*Fck)))where b=1000 mm, Ast=area of reinforcement steel requiredIn this equation,we have all the values except Ast.'. Putting all the values we get Ast valueArea of steel required for Moment=5.68 KN-m is calculated as = 161.74 mm2Spacing required for this area of steel is given as.....(area of each bar*b)/total area of steelSpacing calculated or required spacing=485.59 mmSpacing provided=300 mm since it is less than 3d but more than 300 mmConverting it into lower multiple of 5 or 10Spacing provided=300 mmArea of steel required for Moment=3.99 KN-m is calculated as = 112.49 mm2Spacing required for this area of steel is given as.....(area of each bar*b)/total area of steelSpacing calculated or required spacing=698.17 mmSpacing provided=300 mm since it is less than 3d but more than 300 mmConverting it into lower multiple of 5 or 10Spacing provided=300 mmArea of steel required for Moment=7.56 KN-m is calculated as = 217.11 mm2Spacing required for this area of steel is given as.....(area of each bar*b)/totalSpacing calculated or required spacing=361.74 mmSpacing

provided=300 mm since it is less than 3d but more than 300 mmConverting it into lower multiple of 5 or 10Spacing provided=300 mmArea of steel required for Moment=5.35 KN-m is calculated as = 152.08 mm2Spacing required for this area of steel is given as....(area of each bar*b)/total area of steelSpacing calculated or required spacing=516.43 mmSpacing provided=300 mm since it is less than 3d but more than 300 mmConverting it into lower multiple of 5 or 10Spacing provided=300 mmMinimum area of steel reinforcement required=0.12 % of b*d=120 mm2Spacing required for minimum steel reinforcement =418.88 mmSpacing provided for minimum steel reinforcemen =300 mm since it was greater than 300mm and 5d isalso more than 300 mmFinalyy spacing provided for minimum steel reinforcement afterconverting it into nearest multiple of 5 or 10 =300 mmFor moment M2=7.56 KN-m we have reinforcement steel 112.49<120 Calculated steel area is less thanminimum steel required so providing minimum steel value and its spacingArea of torsional reinforcement if provided at discontinuous corners,then it will be 3/4 of the maximum area of steel reinforcement.Area of torsional reinforcement=162.84 mm2Dimension of torsional area are................................In X direction =Lefx/5=620 mmIn Y direction =Lefy/5=820 mmSpacing provided between torsional bars =300 mm area of steel //////////CHECK FOR SHEAR/////////////Tv=Vu/(b*d)=0.14N/mm2 where b=1000 mmPercentage of steel=(Pi*diameter of main steel bar*100)/(spacing between main bars*effective depth)=(3.141592654*dia*dia*100)/(spacing*d*4)=0.26From Table 19 of IS-456 for Pt=0.26 and Fck = 25 N/mm2 we get Tc=0.37 N/mm2From clause 40.2.1.1 we get k =1.30 approximately..'. Now multiplying Tc with k we get Tc=0.48From Table 20 of IS-456 for Fck-25 we get Tcmax=3.10 N/mm2Since Tv is less than Tc and Tcmax,therefor the slab is safe against shear/////////////Check for Deflection/////////////From IS 456-2000,clause 23.2.1 we have fs=0.58*fy*(Area of steel required/area of steel provided)In case of this slab we have........ Area of main mid steel required/Area of main mid steel provided=0.62So we get fs=0.58*fy*(Ast1/Astp) = 0.58*415*0.62= 148.71We have percentage of steel as Pt=0.26Now for the above value of Pt and fs we get modification factor F1 from Fig 4 of IS 456-2000 as F1=1.99Now Maximum L/d ratio allowed = F1*basic L/d ratio as given in clause 23.2.1 of IS 4562000Max L/d = F1*26=51.69Provided L/d = effective length in shorter direction*effective depth=Lefx/d=31Since Max L/d ratio is greater than provided L/d ratio so Deflection criteria for this Slab is satisfied ///////////////RESULT/////////////////Slab is designed as : D type of Slab (see the fig. on the left)Load=11.85 KNMoment=7.56 KN.mUltimate moment=34.49 KN.mshear force=13.84 KN10 mm Main short mid bar=161.74 mm2, Spacing=300 mm10 mm Main long mid bar=120 mm2, Spacing=300 mm10 mm Support short near suppor bar=217.11 mm2, Spacing=300 mm10 mm Support long near support bar=152.08 mm2, Spacing=300 mm8 mm Edge strip bar=120 mm2 ,spacing=300 mm8 mm bar for Torsional Reinforcement mesh atdiscontinuous corner having area=162.84 mm2spacing=300mm with side cover of 30 mmand dimension as : 620x820mmPt=0.26 %Tv=0.14 N/mm2Tc=0.48 N/mm2Tcmax=4.03 N/mm2k=1.30d=100 mmD=130 mmCheck shear (1 = OK,0 = Redesign) = 1Check for Deflection=Satisfied