NVH

Physics and Strategies for Body NVH

NVH Course

pg 1

NVH Phenomena: A System Approach

Excitation Sources Excitation Sources

Road Road P/T P/T

Interface Systems Interface Systems

Chassis Chassis P/T Mounting P/T Mounting

Vibration Excitation of Body Vibration Excitation of Body

Structure-borne StructureAir-borne Air-

Vibrations Vibrations
Ride Ride Shake Shake Harshness Harshness Idle Shake Idle Shake P/T Shake P/T Shake Harshness Harshness

Noise Noise
Idle Boom Idle Boom P/T Boom P/T Boom P/T Noise P/T Noise

Road Noise Road Noise

NVH Course

pg 2

Body NVH: a System Analysis

OUTPUTS Vertical reciprocating Unbalance Force SPL at ear Column Shake Seat Shake

Wheel Unbalance Loading

Road Harshness Loading

NVH Responses
!Tactile response: amplitude of displacement at driver seat rail and steering column !Sound pressure level at driver and rear passenger ear level
NVH Course pg 3

Body Characteristics

" Distributed physical properties

StiffnessMassDamping

" Vibration Modes as basis for dynamic characteristics

Low Large Low frequency wavelength modal density Global Modes high small high Local Modes

NVH Course

pg 4

Body Characteristics

Low frequency 0-100 Hz

Global Modes shape & eigenfrequency Global Modes shape & eigenfrequency Body I I& IIIIBending Body & Bending I I& IIIITorsion & Torsion Cavity Cavity 0-250 Hz 0-250 Hz point-to-point point-to-point over frequency over frequency

Transfer Behavior Transfer Behavior Medium frequency 100-250 Hz

Point Mobility Point Mobility Vibration Transfer Function Vibration Transfer Function Noise Transfer Function Noise Transfer Function Energy Flow Energy Flow component @ component @ frequency range frequency range

High frequency >250 Hz

NVH Course

pg 5

The integrated Body Structure

NVH Course

pg 6

Body Structure Terminology

1 Cross member under windshield 2 Roof frame, front 3 Roof frame, side 4 Roof frame, rear 5 C-pillar 6 Rear-facing panel 7 Rear floor and spare-wheel pan 8 Side member, rear 9 B-pillar 10 Cross member under rear seat 11 A-pillar 12 Cross member under driver's seat 13 Side member, side rail 14 Wheel well 15 Engine-support cross member 16 Side member, front 17 Cross member, front 18 Radiator cross member
All rights reserved. Robert Bosch GmbH, 2002

NVH Course

pg 7

The beam skeleton

NVH Course

pg 8

Body Structure Architecture Process

Geometry Joint Stiffnesses / Connectivity X-section Properties / Member Sizing Gauge Optimization Local Reinforcements Sealing / Damping / Absorption

Static Torsion/Bending Global Modes

Point Mobilities Noise Transfer Functions

NVH Course

pg 9

Joints and Nodes

NVH Course

pg 10

X-section properties for Stiffness

Roof Frame
Standard Limousine TT Coupe

Side Rail
Standard Limousine TT Coupe

shared

shared

NVH Course

pg 11

Gauge optimization with Tailored Blanks

NVH Course

pg 12

Design Goals for Global Body Modes

! ! !
" " "

Eigenfrequency Deformation Stiffness

as high as possible evenly spread, no discontinuities

Integral space frame to redistribute load inputs ! Continuity of bending resistance moment ! Shear stiffness in major aperture areas

!
" "

Mass
Concentrate / place in nodal areas of deformation ! Battery, tank, spare wheel. Use as a tuned absorber

!
"

Damping
? Bonding vs. spotwelding

NVH Course

pg 13

Evolution of Stiffness Characteristics

1. Dynamical Torsion Frequency

Statical Torsion Stiffness

NVH Course pg 14

Body Design Features

Important design features to meet NVH requirements: !

" " " " "

First Bending Mode (trimmed body) :

28 30 Hz

Extension of front side rail under front floor up to the kick-up area Sufficient side rail section at connection to dash panel Connection of front side rail to rocker and hinge pillar Continuation of rocker into rear side rail Crossmember (between rockers) at front seat and kick-up area

NVH Course

pg 15

Body Design Features

!
" " " " "

First Torsion Mode (trimmed body) :

32 35 Hz

Stiff tailgate aperture structure towards shear deformation Strong connection of rear shock tower to C-D pillar area and rear side rail Crossmember between rear side rails near rear axle Bonded windshield Laterally stiff hatch / vertically stiff door latches

NVH Course

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Bracing

NVH Course

pg 33

Tuned Absorber

Amplitude Function Tuned Absorber

FE Simulation Measurement

Frequency [Hz]

Displacement at Windscreen Frame

Excitation Amplitude = 1 mm

Without Body Absorber With Body Absorber

Frequency [Hz]

NVH Course

pg 34

Examples of Tuned Absorbers

Front: window frame, lead mass 1,5 kg Centre: trunk, grey cast iron mass, 10 kg Rear: trunk, grey cast iron mass, 10 kg
NVH Course pg 35

Example of Tuned Absorbers

Integrated in battery mounting

NVH Course

pg 36

Design Goals for Local Body Modes

!
" "

Stiffness
frame elements to carry/transfer loads reinforce panel areas locally decouple membrane areas Conflict: stiffness vs. radiation efficiency

!
"

Mass
low = high dynamical stiffness , high = high inertia Conflict: stiffness vs. radiation efficiency

!
"

Damping
damping layers on membrane areas

NVH Course

pg 37

Body Design Features

!
" " " "

Panel Modes :

>40 Hz

Crossmember between rockers at front seat and kick-up area Extension of front side rail under front floor up to the kick-up area Crossmember between rear side rails near rear axle Ribs / beads / swages from local panel reinforcements to avoid flat panel areas

NVH Course

pg 38

Design Goals for Noise Transmission Attenuation

!
"

Structure borne
Stiffness , Mass ! Isolating behavior with large attenuation range ! Control resonance by damping Multi-layer sandwich heavy layer = mass foam/felt = stiffness foam/felt = damping

"

!
"

Airborne
Damping : Absorption materials, porous trim Open sandwich

NVH Course

pg 39

Acoustic Trim Layer Sandwich

closed sandwich

open sandwich

NVH Course

pg 40

Components of the Trim Sandwich

NVH Course

pg 41

Acoustical Plugs

Secundary Path Plug of C-Pillar

Carrier with expansion Foam

NVH Course

pg 42

Total Trim Package

NVH Course

pg 43

Evolution of Trim performance vs weight

NVH Course

pg 44

Aero-acoustical Measures

A6 A6 Predecessor

Trim Strips Water Gutters Windscreen Wipers

Aerials (Radio, GPS)

Mirrors

Door Seals

Window Seals Door Joints

1/3rd Octave Centerfrequencies [Hz]

NVH Course

pg 45