nh hng ca lut iu khin bin tn ti qu trnh qu ca ng c khng ng b c xt ti hiu ng mt ngoi v bo ha mch t effects of inverter control algorithms on the induction

n motor in the transient - skin face effects and the magnetic saturation . ThS. V Xun Hng Trng H Giao thng vn ti HN Tm tt Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca lut iu khin bin tn n qu trnh qu ca ng c khng ng b (C KB), c xt ti s bin i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t. Kt qu m phng lm r qu trnh in t, in c ca C KB trong qu trnh ng khi c cp bi bin tn, gip cho vic la chn ch vn hnh h Bin tn - C KB thch hp gim c tn tht nng lng cho h thng. Abstract This article presents the results of research effects of inverter control rule to the induction motor in the transient, the variations of induction motor parameters by skin face effects, the magnetic saturation effects. The simulation results will point out electromagnetics, electromechanics in the induction motor during transient operating when the motor is fed by inverter, help to select the motor's operation suitably, to reduce loss of engery. I. t vn Hin nay h truyn ng bin tn ng c in khng ng b rto lng sc c s dng rt ph bin do C KB c cu to n gin, lm vic tin cy, t phi bo dng v cht lng iu khin cao, di iu chnh rng.Vi s lng ng c nhiu, nng lng s dng rt ln, mt phn khng nh l nng lng hao ph trong qu trnh khi ng v vn hnh. Do vy vic nghin cu qu trnh qu , qu trnh nng lng ca ng c khng ng b c cp in bi bin tn l bi ton c tnh thi s v c ngha thc tin cao song y l bi ton phc tp bi s thay i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha mch t, s nh hng ca nhit v s thay i ca tn s .v.v. Trong bi bo ny chng ti trnh by kt qu nghin cu nh hng ca lut iu khin bin tn n qu trnh qu , qu trnh nng lng ca ng c khng ng b, c xt ti s bin i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t . II. c s l thuyt k thut iu khin bin tn 1. K thut iu ch rng xung PWM, SVM K thut iu ch rng xung PWM (hnh 1a), iu ch vect khng gian SVM (hnh 1b) l hai phng php iu khin nghch lu tiu biu to ra in p xoay chiu gn sin, xem hnh 1 v ti liu [2, 4]. 2. Lut iu khin h Bin tn - ng c khng ng b C nhiu chin lc iu khin bin tn, y chng ti xin im li hai lut iu khin tiu biu. TS. Trn Vn Thnh Trng H Bch khoa HN

U2 S1 Q1 Q4 S6 U6 U1 Ut

U2 US

U3 S2 U4 S3 S4 U5 a) b) S5 Q2 Q3

U1 Up c)

Hnh 1: a) Nguyn l to xung iu khin PWM, b) Su vect in p chun, c) Cch to mt vect in p c modul bt k t cc vect chun. a) Lut iu khin U/fx hn ch dng in khi khi ng v khi gim tn s di tn s nh mc th quan h gia in p v tn s thng c xc nh theo quy lut U/fx =const (kh nng qu ti khng i), x l h s ty thuc vo tnh cht ti, x=1 dng cho ti c tnh cht th nng - ng 1, 2 hnh 2b; x=2 dng cho ti qut gi, my bm - ng 3 hnh 2b, .v.v.

Hnh 2: a) c tnh f(t).

b) c tnh quan h U/fx

c) Vect dng in, in p

b) iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto Hnh 2c l cc vect trong h ta t thng rto. Thnh phn dng in isd t l vi t thng rto r, nu thnh phn isd c gi khng i th t thng rto s khng i. Do mmen quay t l vi tch ca t thng rto v thnh phn dng isq ( M ~ r.isq ), mt khc t thng c gi khng i nn thnh phn dng isq t l vi mmen, bng cch iu chnh dng isq ta s iu chnh c mmen in t ca ng c khng ng b, l nguyn l ca iu khin vect. III. s bin i tham s ca c kb do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t n tham s ca ng c c tnh nh sau: + Phn thay i ca in khng stato x1, in khng rto x2 do bo ha mch t tn gy ra thay i t l bc nht vi s thay i ca bin dng in khi ng: x =kxi.Is, trong h s kxi c tnh da trn biu thc sau: kx1(Is1 -Ism) = x10-x11 =x1; (xin xem thm [ 1, 3]). + Phn thay i ca in khng, in tr rto do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi c tnh, da trn vic gii bi ton trng in t sau:

Bi ton: Xt mt thanh dn dt hnh ch nht (h>>b), dng in chy trong thanh dn c dng hnh sin. Gi thit in dn ca thanh dn [-1m-1] v h s t thm [H/m] khng thay i. Ta c phng trnh Poison vit cho cng in trng E nh sau: 2 E = j E (1) Trong : = 2f r ; fr l tn s dng in trong thanh dn trong thanh dn. 1 1 2 ; (2) t: j = k 2 ; k = + j ; a = a a a l su ca hiu ng mt ngoi. Da trn kt qu gii bi ton trng in t ta c cc cng thc sau [1]: H s tng in tr ca thanh dn do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi: 2h 2h sh + sin R h a a = sh2 + sin 2 ; trong : = h kr = ~ = (3) 2h 2h R0 a ch ch2 cos 2 a cos a a Thng thng i vi my in khng ng b c cng sut c kW th >2 khi ta c: sh2 >> sin2 ; ch2 >> cos2 ; sh2 ch2 (4) Nh vy ta c h s tng in tr trong thanh dn rto do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi c tnh gn ng nh sau: 1 kr = h = h fr (5) 2 H s gim ca in khng do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi nh sau: 3 sh2 sin 2 3 3 3 X . = = kx = r = (6) X ro 2 ch2 cos 2 2 2 h fr 2 h sf
. .

Da vo ng cong kho st quan h gia h s kr v kx theo tn s thanh dn [1] ta thy rng php tuyn tnh ha tng on ng cong quan h gia tng in tr v tn s, ng cong quan h gia gim ca in khng v tn s l c th chp nhn c. Gi thit ny cng chnh xc nu h s >1,5. Nh vy ta c cng thc tnh ton tham s ca ng c khng ng b do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, s bo ha mch t v s thay i ca tn s khi tuyn tnh ha c tnh theo cng thc sau (xin xem chi tit [1, 3]): f + mx1 (7) x1(t) = (x10 - kx1Is ) fN f f + mx2 x2(t) = (x20 - kx2Is ) - s(t).(x20 - x21) (8) fN fN f R2(t) = R20 + s(t).( R21 - R20 ). (9) fN Hnh 4 l kt qu kho st qu trnh qu ca C KB 14kW khi khng ti, tn s f=50 Hz v in p nh mc c xt ti s bin i tham s do s bo ha mch t v hiu ng mt ngoi theo cng thc t (7) n (9). Kt qu kho st cho thy ng cong m phng ph hp vi ng cong thc nghim, iu chng t s ng n ca m hnh ng c v cch xc nh s bin i tham s m chng ti s dng.

Hnh 4: a) ng cong thc nghim mmen v tc quay ca C KB dy 3K160M4 cng sut 14 kW khi in p nh mc v tn s 50Hz [3]. b) ng cong m phng.
IV. Kt qu m phng v nhn xt + Trong qu trnh khi ng, c tn s v in p cp cho ng c u bin i nh vy m dng in khi ng c hn ch trong phm vi cho php, mmen t dao ng hn so vi c tnh khi ng t nhin, do gim c gia tc t bin tc ng ln h thng my sn xut (hnh 5 a, e). i vi ng c c cp in t bin tn PWM th c tnh qu trnh khi ng ph thuc rt nhiu vo thng s ca lut iu khin: Nu t tq ln th dng khi ng b nhng qu trnh khi ng s b ko di. Nu tq qu b th dng khi ng s ln, mmen s dao ng mnh, tn tht nng lng trong qu trnh qu s tng. Gi tr Uboost nh hng rt ln ti mmen khi ng v tn tht nng lng. Nu Uboost qu b th s khng to ra m men khi ng, ng c s khng quay c. Nu Uboost qu ln th dng in khi ng s ln v m men s dao ng mnh nh hng xu ti h thng truyn ng. Do vy khi vn hnh cn phi ci t Uboost v tq thch hp. Chng trnh m phng qu trnh qu m chng ti xy dng cho php chn gi tr Uboost, tq thch hp vi tng loi ti v cng sut ti khc nhau. Kt qu m phng vi in p sin chun c gii thiu trn hnh 5. Trong giai on u qu trnh khi ng l giai on t ha mch t, nn t thng rto cn b do mmen in t c gi tr b, khi kho st vi mmen ti c tnh th nng th ng c s b ko quay ngc li (hnh 5e), lc ny ng c lm vic ch hm ngc c Pc < 0 (xem hnh 5f). Trong vng hm ngc dng in ln, tn s dng in rto ln lm tng s bo ha mch t v hiu ng mt ngoi, do in tr rto s ln v in cm rto s b (hnh 5 c, d). rng ca vng hm ngc (vng rto quay b quay ngc) ph thuc vo ln ca mmen ti; ph thuc vo tc t ha mch t, ph thuc vo ln in p t vo ng c, tc l ph thuc vo dc ca c tnh f(t) v thng s ca lut iu khin U/f.

Hnh 5: Cc c tnh ca C KB 14kW, in p hnh sin chun, trong qu trnh khi ng in p v tn s bin i theo lut U/f, Uboost =9%Ub, tqd = 0.6 sec, tn s lm vic flv=50Hz. + Khi so snh h bin tn iu khin theo lut U/f v iu khin vect ta theo t thng rto chng ti thy rng: Nh kh nng p t nhanh ca b iu chnh dng in trong h iu khin vect, thnh phn hi dng in bc cao trong h iu khin vect b hn thnh phn hi dng in trong h iu khin theo lut U/f. Kh nng tn dng mmen trong h iu khin vect tt hn, c tnh mmen t dao ng so vi h iu khin theo lut U/f. Hnh 6 l kt qu m phng vi in p dng iu bin rng xung cho ng c 14kW.

Hnh 6: Tn hao nng lng trong dy cun, mmen, tc . a) Trong h iu khin U/f. b) H iu khin vect c nhn dng hng s thi gian rto Tr
V. Kt lun Trn y chng ti trnh by kt qu nghin cu qu trnh qu ca ng c khng ng b khi c cp t bin tn, c xt ti s bin i tham s ca ng c do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi v s bo ha mch t. xc nh c cng thc gim in khng v tng in tr rto do nh hng ca hiu ng mt ngoi, da trn vic gii bi ton trng in t. kho st nh hng ca tng thng s trn lut iu khin bin tn n c tnh ng. So snh c tnh ng khi ng c c iu khin bng lut U/f v iu khin vect. Kt qu nghin cu lm sng t qu trnh in t, in c trong qu trnh ng khi ng c c cp t bin tn. Ti liu tham kho

[1]. V Xun Hng; Lun vn Thc s khoa hc k thut, Kho st qu trnh qu ca h Bin tn - ng c khng ng b, 2003. [2]. Richard valentine; Motor control electronic handbook; McGraw - Hill, 1998. [3]. Bi c Hng; Lun n Tin s khoa hc k thut, Nghin cu qu trnh ng khi ng ng c khng ng b, 1998.

[4]. Ng. Phng Quang, Andreas Dittrich; Truyn ng in thng minh; NXB KHKT, 2002.