PHYSICS LABORATORY REPORT

Measurement of Coefficient of Static Friction in Sloping Field

By GDE PARIE PERDANA (1113021059) A.A GEDE BASUDEWA (1113021064) PUTU AYU MAHADEWI (1113021063) Semester II/A

PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FAKULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE GANESHA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

SINGARAJA 2012

Measurement of coefficient Static Friction in Sloping Field

Figure of Sloping Field with the Forces Acting on the Object

Purpose of Experiment To determine the coefficient of static friction in sloping field.

Base Theory Force is the mechanism through which the object accelerates, or undergoes a change in its velocity. Although many different forms of forces exist, there are two broad classifications that are commonly used to categorize forces.

First, we distinguish between conservative and dissipative forces. Conservative forces act upon an object in a manner such that the total energy of the object is conserved. Dissipative forces are ones that reduce the total energy of the object upon which they act. Friction is a dissipative force. A different way to categorize forces is to distinguish between contact and field forces. Contact forces, as the name implies, rely upon physical contact to act on a body. Field forces require no physical contact to act on a body. Friction is a contact force. Gravitational and magnetic forces are common examples of field forces.

Friction Force There are different forms of frictional forces that occur. When friction acts on an object that is at rest, we refer to the frictional force as static friction. An object that is in motion is subject to kinetic, or dynamic, friction. Friction is a resistive force, one that damps out motion in dynamic systems and prevents movement in static systems. Friction occurs because an object interacts with either the surface it lays upon, the medium it is contained in, or both. Only in a complete vacuum can a system be free of friction. Static friction When you want to push a heavy object, static friction is the force that you must overcome in order to get it moving. The magnitude of the static frictional force, fs satisfies:

f s s N
Where s is the coefficient of static friction, a dimensionless constant that depends on the object and the surface it is laying upon. From this equation it is clear that the maximum force of static friction, fs,max that can be exerted on an object by a surface is:
f s max s N

Review of an object that is on the incline with a slope angle . In this case, we assume an inclined plane coincides with the x-axis, so that the y-axis is perpendicular to the inclined plane. The forces acting on the field the system can be shown in the image below.

Figure of Sloping Field with the Forces Acting on the Object Based on the picture above, it appears that there are 2 system. First system is m1, have 2 forces, it is W1 and T. The second system is m2, have four forces acting on the system. The force is W2, N, fs and T. The W2 is a traction force to the object whose direction is always toward the center of the earth, so the force of W2 is always perpendicular to the horizontal plane. W2 -force components described above into W2 cos in the negative y-axis and W2 sin on the x-axis negative direction. Due to the force components W2 cos acting on the object, the object is pressing the inclined plane of atoms resulting in the inclined plane deformation and the force developed by Hooke who worked incline towards the object. Hooke style is emerging as a result of deformation experienced by the inclined plane is but a second force acting on the system is often referred to as the normal force (N). So the normal force carried by the inclined plane of the object and the amount equal to the force components W2 cos .

Normal force and static friction force can be proof by Newton II Law, that is
Fx max (1)
Fy ma y ....(2)

First System

If the object is at rest relative to the incline, then a x a y 0 . The forces acting on the direction of the x-axis is = 1 and on y-axis there isnt a force acting on the weight. So 1 = , where T is the yarn tension. Second System

The resultant forces acting on the direction of the x-axis is on y-axis is obtained: = 2 cos = 2 cos = + 2 sin = 1 + 2 sin

= + 2 sin and

= 2 cos . Substituting all these values into equation (1) and (2), is

If the incline angle is enlarged, so the wooden weight started to bottom, then it shall apply the equation f s s N . So to determine the static friction =
1 +2 sin 2 cos

1 +2 sin 2 cos

. Because the angle in this system is unknown, we can find by using right triangle

principle: cos = sin =

1 +2 sin 2 cos

z h

So the friction =

1 +2 2

1 +2 2

Apparatus of Experiment 1. Wooden block with a hook attached 2. Wooden block with sandpaper and glass block 3. Wooden board with a grooved wheel at one end 4. Scale-pan 5. Weight 6. Yarn 7. Ohauss balance 8. Ruler

Procedure of Experiment 1. Prepare all the tools that we need to do this experiment, 2. Setting the tools (Wooden block with a hook attached, wooden board with a grooved wheel at one end, yarn, weight and scale-pan) like the right figure. 3. Put the wooden block on the wooden board and connect the wooden block to the scale pan with yarn that trough the wheel. 4. Then we make the height of wooden board (variation height) and see the based length that made from height, 5. Record the height (h), the sloping field length (z) and the based (x). 6. Keep the length of sloping field (z), weight of scale-pan (m1), weight of wooden block (m2). 7. Repeat the measurement for other wooden block (wooden block with sandpaper or glass block).

Measurements Length of sloping field (z) = m Weight of scale-pan (m1) =N Weight of Wooden block (m2) =...N

No. x = base of wooden board (meter)

h = high of wooden board (meter)

Techniques To calculate the coefficient of friction =

1 +2 2

To analyze the data obtained from experiments, we can use the standard deviation method. At first we must calculate the for each variation data. No. x = base of wooden board (m) h = high of wooden board (m) = 1 + 2 2

Then processed to the calculation of standard deviation, as the table below: No.
2

The standard deviation of is: =

(1)