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Technological Institute of the Philippines Arlegui Campus June 21, 2012

CPE 001

Computer Fundamentals

Submitted by: Angelica Marie D. Palanog BS Chemical Engineering ESIIKA2 Submitted to: Mr. Jonathan Lorro

Technological Institute of the Philippines Arlegui Campus June 21, 2012

Submitted by: Angelica Marie D. Palanog BS Chemical Engineering ESIIKA2 Submitted to: Mr. Jonathan Lorro

THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM


There are five basic components that make up a computer system: Hardware, software, peopleware, procedures and data/information.

1. HARDWARE
The hardware components of a computer system are the electronic and mechanical parts. It consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: Input, Output and storage. Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, specifically, the computers CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called a BUS. THE MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM ARE: Processor Storage Devices Input Devices Output Devices PROCESSING- one of the things that makes computers so powerful and useful today is their processing. In home personal computer systems, the processing is done by the CPU.

PROCESSOR
The processing or calculating function takes place in the CPU. It is here that the raw data is transformed into meaningful information. The CPU is known as the brain and nerve center of the computer. There are two parts of CPU namely CONTROL UNIT and ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).

ADDED INFORMATION A CPUs speed is measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). The higher the speed of your CPU, the faster your computer system will process the information.

STORAGE DEVICE (MEMORY)


It is a hardware device designed to store information. There are two types of storage devices used in computers: a PRIMARY/MAIN STORAGE and a SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE.

A. PRIMARY STORAGE or MAIN MEMORY RAM (Random- access Memory) RAM is the computers main memory, which it uses to process information. RAM is volatile, which means that the data is stored only as long as the computer has power. And the data in that file is temporarily stored in RAM. ROM ( Read-only Memory) This memory is permanent; the data remains even if you shut off the computer. It contains information and software that must be permanently available for computer operation such as the operating system that directs the computers actions from start up to shut down. ROM is called nonvolatile memory because the memory chips do not lose their information when power to the computer is turned off. B. SECONDARY STORAGE A storage medium that holds information until it is deleted or overwritten. Floppy disk drive, hard disk drive, DVD drive (Digital Versatile Disc), CD- ROM Drive (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) and Flash Drive were examples of a secondary storage device.

INPUT/ OUTPUT DEVICES


A. Input Devices It supplies data to CPU. You communicate with the computer via an input device such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a joystick. Every one of these devices signals for the computer system to interpret and process. B. Output Devices It displays information from CPU. It consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computer. The computer communicates its results to you via an output device such as a monitor, a printer, or speakers.

2. SOFTWARE

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