Sameksha Bhaskar et al.

/ International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Optimization of different fibers at large number of channels

Sameksha Bhaskar1,
Department of Electronics and Communication, BGIET, Sangrur, India sam_22bhaskar@yahoo.co.in1,

Ramandeep Kaur2,
Department of Electronics and Communication, THAPAR, Patiala, India simrankatron@gmail.com2

Shveta Singh3
Department of Electronics and Communication, BGIET, Sangrur, India shvetasingh26@yahoo.com3

Abstract- In this paper, we have investigated the performance comparison of different fibers by varying distance from 50 kms to 290 kms. The optimization has been done using 96 channels at the speed of 10 Gbps. We have realized the different fibers and their parameters like quality factor, ber, eye opening and jitter at 96 channels at different distances. It is observed that 290 kms is optimized distance for Ds_Anomolous fiber because up to this distance, it provides the best result. The system performs poorly for SMF due to less durability, insufficient quality and cost. Keywords: QUALITY FACTOR, BER, EYE OPENING, JITTER. I Introduction Optical communications has always been the area to active research. Today life is impossible without optical networks in some form or the other. Fiber optic parametric amplifiers have received great attention due to their application for signal amplification, wavelength conversion etc [1-4]. The ever increasing population demands faster and reliable communication. The growing demands for higher and reliable transmission system increases number of channels, channel speed and spectral efficiency need to be upgraded [5].In fiber optic communication, there is degradation of transmission signal with increased distance. By the use of optoelectronic repeater, this loss limitation can be overcome. In optoelectronic repeater, optical signal is first converted into electric signal and then after amplification it is regenerated by transmitter. WDM is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths at speed in Gbps [6-8].WDM of optical signals is a promising way to increase transmission capacity of a fiber. The development of WDM has allowed us to exploit large amount of bandwidth available in optical fiber as low capacity channels [9] The optical amplifier increases the transmitter power by placing an amplifier just after the transmitter called power booster. The transmission distance can also be increased by putting an amplifier just before the receiver to boost the received power. The optical amplifiers are used in linear mode as repeaters, optical gain blocks and optical pre-amplifiers. Hybrid amplifiers have many advantages over individual amplifiers, like wide gain bandwidth and more flat gain profile. Hybrid amplifier provides high power gain. Hybrid RAMAN-EDFA is a promising technology for future dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) multi terabit systems. Bergano et al. [10] successfully demonstrated transmission of 640 Gb/s over 7200 km by using a re circulating loop while Vareille et al. [11] demonstrated the transmission capacity of 340 Gb/s over 6380 km on a straightline test bed. Erwin et al. [12] demonstrated 24,000 km transmission of dispersion-managed Soliton at 40 Gb/s. The optical amplifiers have become an integral part of almost all fiber-optic communication installed after 1995.The erbium

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doped fiber amplifiers are very attractive because they operate in the wavelength region near 1.55 m, in this region the fiber attenuation is minimum [Agarwal, 2001]. Pederson et al. [13] investigated that EDFA amplified simultaneously all channels when a WDM signal was amplified. The shape of the gain spectrum was affected by the amorphous nature of silica and by presence of other co dopants within the fiber core such as Germania and Alumina. The EDFA whose core was doped with Germania, its gain spectrum is quite broad and has a double-peak structure . The gain of modern EDFA range from about 20 dB to 40 dB depending on as they act as a booster or a preamplifier as noted by Diagonnet et al. [14]. The Raman amplifier exhibited advantages of self-phase matching between pump and optical signal together with a broad gain- bandwidth. H.B. Choi et al. [15] proposed simple L-band EDFA is useful to metro WDM applications by low-cost amplification and gains improvement of amplifier. Chien-Hung Yeh et al. [16] demonstrated a new S-band plus C-bands EDFA module in parallel structure over 96 nm gain bandwidth of 14801576 nm when the gain of >10 dB. This proposed amplifier module also can provide a broadband ASE light source from 1480 to 1578 nm while the optical output level above -40 dBm. Zimmerman et al. [17] studied various gain flattening methods such as the hybrid Al-codoped and Al/Pcodoped EDFAs, the gain equalizer filters and hybrid Raman and EDFAs by gain simulation of the amplifier. They found that the utilization of gain equalizer filter was the most applicable technique for gain broadening of the EDFAs Carena et al. [18] demonstrated that Raman amplification, combined with EDFAs increased the maximum reachable distance and the span length. Raman amplification was also used to substantially reduce the impact of fiber nonlinearities. There were many recent developments in the DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing) at 40 Gb/s transmission over distance up to about 9000 km. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the introduction. Section 2 describes the simulation model and the description of its components. Section 3 includes the discussion of the results. Section 4 presents the conclusion about the feasibility of the network.

II. Simulation Setup To investigate the performance of different fibers at different transmission distances, the ninety six channel user transmitter are used at a speed of 10 Gbps speed. A transmitter compound component (T) is built up using 96 transmitters. The transmission medium consists of 17 km long Ds_Anomolous fiber based RAMAN and an optical amplifier (EDFA). Each node is further composed of, one transmitter source and one receiver source. The used distances in the optical transmission are, 50, 80, 110, 140, 170,200, 230, 260, 290 km i.e. with the difference of 30 km. The optical signal is transmitted and sent over different distances. The transmitter as shown in Figure and is composed of data source, laser source indicated by component CW Lorentz an, optical amplitude modulator indicated by component Sin2 MZ and optical link section. Data source generates a binary sequence of data stream. Data source is customized by baud rate, sequence, logical signal level and the period length. Laser block shows simplified continuous wave (CW) laser. The signals from data source and laser are fed to the external Mach-Zehnder modulator, where the input signals from data source are modulated through a carrier optical output signal is transmitted. These signals are transmitted over optical combiner to which is further fed to fiber. The fiber contains RAMAN with length 17 kms and pump power of 1000 mw. Also it contains pump frequency of 1453 nm. Further EDFA is attached which contains the output saturable power of 5 mw and output power of 20 mw. Further the fiber is attached which is varied accordingly so as to find the best fiber of all. Electrical filter at the receiver side is implemented by low-pass Bessel filter. The filter is numerically implemented using an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) algorithm together with the bilinear transformation method.

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Optical splitter used here has an attenuation of 0 dB at each output port so this component implements an ideal splitter without any insertion loss, i.e. a component that perfectly splits the input signals. The electrical scope is used to obtain eye diagram, and from the eye diagram the values of BER, Q-factor, jitter and eye opening are determined. These parameters are calculated at different channels and best of it is calculated. Optical signals are amplified using EDFA amplifier. The signal power is measured by power meter and optical probe. The modulated signal is converted into original signal with the help of PIN photodiode and filters. A compound receiver is used to detect all the signals and converts these into electrical signals. Also a power meter can be attached to achieve the power at the receiver end which is needed for the project.

Transmitter of 96 channels

Receiver of 96 channels
Figure 1 Block diagram of simulation setup

The optical signal is transmitted over different fibers such as Ds_Anomolous, SMF, Ds_Normal at various distances as 50,60,70,80 km and the various parameters are noted. Optical power meter and optical probe are used for measuring the signal power and spectrum at different levels. We have evaluated maximum Q-factor, output power, minimum BER and Eye closure. The output is achieved at the receiver side. III. Results and Discussions The performance of different hybrid amplifiers is compared at different distances using the different fibers. As we increase the distance, different parameters are obtained simultaneously. Different fibers have varying results. The comparison of different hybrid amplifiers at 96 channels for different fibers is discussed. The optimization is done on the basis of BER, Q-factor, and eye closure for hybrid optical amplifier by changing the transmission distance varying from 50 to 290 km.

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Sameksha Bhaskar et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)

Fig 2 Distances vs. Quality Factor for 96 channels

In order to observe the performance of different amplifiers (Raman-Edfa), the quality factor versus transmission distance graph is plotted. As we increase the transmission distance from 50 km to 290, the quality factor decreases. For distances = 50 kms to 290 kms, Q-Factor decreases slowly. At 50 kms, Q factor value is 25.564 and 16.341 at 290 kms for Ds_Anomolous. In case of SMF,Q factor decreases considerably. At distance of 50 kms Q factor is 20.409 and then decreases drastically to 6.020 at distance 290 kms. For Ds_Normal, Q factor decreases again considerably from 20.59 at distance=50 kms to 10.82 at 290 kms. This implies that Ds_Anomolous is most flexible and has the highest quality factor.

Fig 3 Distances vs. Ber for 96 channels

The acceptable bit error rate (BER) for optical transmission is 110-10. Means there is more distortion in the detected signal. The BER versus transmission distance is shown in figure. To observe the performance of BER, different distances are taken and with that different fibers are taken to observe the best amongst them. The BER increases steadily and is always higher than 10-8 after some kms. As shown in figure 3.BER increases with distance from 10-40 to .00937476 for Ds_Anomolous and 10-25 to .0227501 for SMF. Further for Ds_Normal, BER increases from 10-26 to .000252609.

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Fig 4 Distances vs. Eye Opening for 96 channels

In order to observe the performance of different hybrid amplifiers, the eye opening versus transmission distance are shown in figure 4.This graph shows that as we increase the transmission distance from 60 to 290 km, the eye opening decreases simultaneously. The eye opening from different amplifiers verses transmission distance is shown in figure 4. Large eye opening means less BER and good communication. Also, it varies as the fiber is varied. For Ds_Anomolous the eye opening decreases from 1.6 x 10-05 to 3.9 x 10-09 and for SMF, the eye opening varies from 1.5 x 10-05 to 6.3 x 10-11. For Ds_Normal, eye opening decreases from 1.5 x 10-05 to 1.9 x 100

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Figure 5(a)

Figure 5(b)

Figure 5(c) Figure 5 Eye diagram for: (a) Ds_Anomolous fiber (b) SMF (c) Ds_Normal fiber

Figure above shows the eye diagram for different fibers for 96 channels and it is observed from the result that Ds_Anomolous has the best performance as it can travel the longer distances of 290 kms with no losses. Further, Ds_Anomolous shows good quality factor (25.56) and lowest ber (1x10-40). Also it has eye opening of 1.65 x e-05. SMF and Ds_Normal attains the lower value as the Quality Factor (20.40,20.59 respectively) is lower and it travels less distance and has comparatively high BER (9.3 x 10-25, 9.45 x e-26 respectively).

IV. Conclusion In this paper, we have optimized the performances of various fibers at 96 channels. It is observed that Ds_Anomolous provides the best result as it can travel larger distances without any distortions. It provides a high Q factor (25.54) and BER (1x 10-40) at 50 kms. Also it provides eye opening of 1.6x 10 -05. It provides us with better results at 290 kms as well. The proposed configuration consists of 96 channels. Ds_Anomolous are enabling and promising for future as it can travel the maximum distance without any distortions.

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